Disentangling gender, sex, and biology: a mixed methods study of gender identity data collection tools.

Community-based participatory research Gender identity Mixed methods Qualitative research Transgender persons

Journal

Patient education and counseling
ISSN: 1873-5134
Titre abrégé: Patient Educ Couns
Pays: Ireland
ID NLM: 8406280

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
16 Oct 2024
Historique:
received: 05 07 2024
revised: 09 10 2024
accepted: 11 10 2024
medline: 30 10 2024
pubmed: 30 10 2024
entrez: 29 10 2024
Statut: aheadofprint

Résumé

We used community-based mixed methods to test whether transgender and gender diverse (TGD) people preferred gender identity questions developed by community members over current questions in use and generate hypotheses about data collection preferences. We interviewed twenty TGD adults in English and Spanish, asking them to rate and discuss their responses to questions. We analyzed quantitative data with descriptive statistics and qualitative data with template analysis, then integrated them. More participants preferred gender identity questions that were currently in use. Themes: 1) TGD participants find questions about "gender" and related terminology unclear because of conflations of sex, gender, and other constructs. 2) TGD participants resist cisgenderism in questions about gender identity. 3) TGD people desire questions that allow for autonomy, privacy, and safety. 4) Contextual factors, particularly safety, influence whether and how TGD people answer questions about gender and sex. TGD people have varied concepts of sex and gender and preferences about data collection. Future research should investigate the impacts of disentangling gender, sex, and biological factors, which could decrease stigma for TGD people. Medical care that disentangles gender, sex, and biological factors could improve data collection effectiveness and the safety of TGD people.

Identifiants

DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2024.108473 PMID: 39471780
pubmed: 39471780
pii: S0738-3991(24)00340-9
doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2024.108473
pii:
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

108473

Informations de copyright

Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts

Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Dr. Juno Obedin-Maliver has consulted for Sage Therapeutics (2017), Ibis Reproductive Health (2017–2018, 2020-present), Hims, Incorporated (2019-present), Folx, Incorporated (2019-present), and Upstream Incorporate (2024).

Auteurs

Ash B Alpert (AB)

Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA. Electronic address: ash.alpert@yale.edu.

Tresne Hernandez (T)

University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.

Roman Ruddick (R)

Transgender Cancer Patient Project, Ashland, OR, USA.

Charlie Manzano (C)

Transgender Cancer Patient Project, Ashland, OR, USA.

Spencer Adams (S)

Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA.

Lex Rivers (L)

Transgender Cancer Patient Project, Ashland, OR, USA.

Alixida Ramos-Pibernus (A)

School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences of the Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico.

Jae Sevelius (J)

Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.

Tonia Poteat (T)

Duke University School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.

Juno Obedin-Maliver (J)

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA; The PRIDE Study, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.

Ethan C Cicero (EC)

Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Asa Radix (A)

Callen-Lorde Community Health Center, New York, NY, USA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.

Elle Lett (E)

Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Applied Transgender Studies, Chicago, IL, USA.

Don Operario (D)

Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Ben Chapman (B)

Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.

Marsha Wittink (M)

Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Family Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.

AnaPaula Cupertino (A)

Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.

Gabriel R Murchison (GR)

Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.

Marcella Nunez-Smith (M)

Equity Research and Innovation Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine; Office of the Dean, Yale School of Medicine.

Francisco Cartujano-Barrera (F)

Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Center for Community Health and Prevention, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.

Classifications MeSH