Cephalic index and horizontal point of maximum width in children with normal brain development in China.
Cephalic index
Chinese normal children
Craniosynostosis
Horizontal point of maximum width
Journal
BMC pediatrics
ISSN: 1471-2431
Titre abrégé: BMC Pediatr
Pays: England
ID NLM: 100967804
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
29 Oct 2024
29 Oct 2024
Historique:
received:
18
12
2023
accepted:
23
10
2024
medline:
30
10
2024
pubmed:
30
10
2024
entrez:
30
10
2024
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
To identify the normal range and distribution in the cephalic index(CI) and horizontal point of maximum width(H-PMW) of Chinese children with normal brain development. We retrospectively analyzed Chinese Han children who visited our hospitals between June 2015 and June 2020 because of headache or suspected head injuries. 456 children (257 males, 199 females; aged 0-15 years) were enrolled and divided into 7 groups by age. The values of CI and H-PMW were measured using thin-slice brain computed tomography images. The overall mean CI was 86.6 ± 5.2. The mean CI for males was 87.0 ± 5.1, and that for females was 86.0 ± 5.2. The overall mean H-PMW was 53.7 ± 2.4. The mean H-PMW for males was 53.8 ± 2.5, and that for females was 53.5 ± 2.3. The averages CI reached the maximum (89.98) at the age of 4-6 months, then began to decrease, decreased to the minimum (84.31) at the age of 2-3 years, and then gradually increased, and reached 86.17 at the age of 8-15 years. The average H-PMW was the smallest (52.17) at the age of 4-6 months, and reached 54.88 at the age of 8-15 years. The CI and H-PMW values of Chinese normal children reported in this study will provide a valuable reference to diagnose cranial deformities, assess the severity of the disease and the effectiveness of the treatment.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
To identify the normal range and distribution in the cephalic index(CI) and horizontal point of maximum width(H-PMW) of Chinese children with normal brain development.
METHODS
METHODS
We retrospectively analyzed Chinese Han children who visited our hospitals between June 2015 and June 2020 because of headache or suspected head injuries. 456 children (257 males, 199 females; aged 0-15 years) were enrolled and divided into 7 groups by age. The values of CI and H-PMW were measured using thin-slice brain computed tomography images.
RESULTS
RESULTS
The overall mean CI was 86.6 ± 5.2. The mean CI for males was 87.0 ± 5.1, and that for females was 86.0 ± 5.2. The overall mean H-PMW was 53.7 ± 2.4. The mean H-PMW for males was 53.8 ± 2.5, and that for females was 53.5 ± 2.3. The averages CI reached the maximum (89.98) at the age of 4-6 months, then began to decrease, decreased to the minimum (84.31) at the age of 2-3 years, and then gradually increased, and reached 86.17 at the age of 8-15 years. The average H-PMW was the smallest (52.17) at the age of 4-6 months, and reached 54.88 at the age of 8-15 years.
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSIONS
The CI and H-PMW values of Chinese normal children reported in this study will provide a valuable reference to diagnose cranial deformities, assess the severity of the disease and the effectiveness of the treatment.
Identifiants
pubmed: 39472870
doi: 10.1186/s12887-024-05173-4
pii: 10.1186/s12887-024-05173-4
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
685Subventions
Organisme : Scientific Research Program of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission
ID : 18411962800
Informations de copyright
© 2024. The Author(s).
Références
Gonzalez-Santos J, Gonzalez-Bernal JJ, De-la-Fuente Anuncibay R, Soto-Camara R, Cubo E, Aguilar-Parra JM, Trigueros R, Lopez-Liria R. (2020) Infant cranial deformity: cranial helmet therapy or physiotherapy? Int J Environ Res Public Health 17.
Governale LS. Craniosynostosis Pediatr Neurol. 2015;53:394–401.
doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2015.07.006
pubmed: 26371995
Wall SA, Thomas GP, Johnson D, Byren JC, Jayamohan J, Magdum SA, McAuley DJ, Richards PG. The preoperative incidence of raised intracranial pressure in nonsyndromic sagittal craniosynostosis is underestimated in the literature. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2014;14:674–81.
doi: 10.3171/2014.8.PEDS1425
pubmed: 25259602
Forrest CR, Hopper RA. Craniofacial syndromes and surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2013;131:e86–109.
doi: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e318272c12b
Rogers GF. Deformational plagiocephaly, brachycephaly, and scaphocephaly. Part I: terminology, diagnosis, and etiopathogenesis. J Craniofac Surg. 2011;22:9–16.
doi: 10.1097/SCS.0b013e3181f6c313
pubmed: 21187783
Rogers GF. Deformational plagiocephaly, brachycephaly, and scaphocephaly. Part II: prevention and treatment. J Craniofac Surg. 2011;22:17–23.
doi: 10.1097/SCS.0b013e3181f6c342
pubmed: 21187782
Gangopadhyay N, Shah M, Skolnick GB, Patel KB, Naidoo SD, Woo AS. Point of maximum width: a new measure for anthropometric outcomes in patients with sagittal synostosis. J Craniofac Surg. 2014;25:1226–9.
doi: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000000875
pubmed: 25006901
pmcid: 4090594
Graham JM Jr., Kreutzman J, Earl D, Halberg A, Samayoa C, Guo X. Deformational brachycephaly in supine-sleeping infants. J Pediatr. 2005;146:253–7.
doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2004.10.017
pubmed: 15689919
Wang J, Yan Q, He J, Gao Z, Qiu D, Zheng L, Zhang X, Qian J, Wang G. Total Cranial Reconstruction for the treatment of Sagittal craniosynostosis in Children. J Craniofac Surg. 2021;32:218–23.
doi: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000006977
pubmed: 32890147
Dvoracek LA, Skolnick GB, Nguyen DC, Naidoo SD, Smyth MD, Woo AS, Patel KB. Comparison of traditional versus normative Cephalic Index in patients with Sagittal synostosis: measure of Scaphocephaly and Postoperative Outcome. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2015;136:541–8.
doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000001505
pubmed: 25989301
Likus W, Bajor G, Gruszczynska K, Baron J, Markowski J, Machnikowska-Sokolowska M, Milka D, Lepich T. (2014) Cephalic index in the first three years of life: study of children with normal brain development based on computed tomography. ScientificWorldJournal 2014: 502836.
Waitzman AA, Posnick JC, Armstrong DC, Pron GE. Craniofacial skeletal measurements based on computed tomography: part II. Normal values and growth trends. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 1992;29:118–28.
doi: 10.1597/1545-1569_1992_029_0118_csmboc_2.3.co_2
pubmed: 1571345
Koizumi T, Komuro Y, Hashizume K, Yanai A. Cephalic index of Japanese children with normal brain development. J Craniofac Surg. 2010;21:1434–7.
doi: 10.1097/SCS.0b013e3181ecc2f3
pubmed: 20856034
Yang W, Chen J, Shen W, Wang C, Wu Z, Chang Q, Li W, Lv K, Pan Q, Li H, Ha D, Zhang Y. Prevalence of positional skull deformities in 530 premature infants with a corrected age of up to 6 months: a multicenter study. BMC Pediatr. 2019;19:520.
doi: 10.1186/s12887-019-1864-1
pubmed: 31888564
pmcid: 6937833
Waitzman AA, Posnick JC, Armstrong DC, Pron GE. Craniofacial skeletal measurements based on computed tomography: part I. Accuracy and reproducibility. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 1992;29:112–7.
doi: 10.1597/1545-1569_1992_029_0112_csmboc_2.3.co_2
pubmed: 1571344
van Lindert EJ, Siepel FJ, Delye H, Ettema AM, Berge SJ, Maal TJ, Borstlap WA. Validation of cephalic index measurements in scaphocephaly. Childs Nerv Syst. 2013;29:1007–14.
doi: 10.1007/s00381-013-2059-y
pubmed: 23468203
Triarhou LC. Anders Retzius (1796–1860). J Neurol. 2013;260:1445–6.
doi: 10.1007/s00415-012-6728-7
pubmed: 23111397
Fruhwald J, Schicho KA, Figl M, Benesch T, Watzinger F, Kainberger F. Accuracy of craniofacial measurements: computed tomography and three-dimensional computed tomography compared with stereolithographic models. J Craniofac Surg. 2008;19:22–6.
doi: 10.1097/scs.0b013e318052ff1a
pubmed: 18216660
Panchal J, Marsh JL, Park TS, Kaufman B, Pilgram T, Huang SH. Sagittal craniosynostosis outcome assessment for two methods and timings of intervention. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1999;103:1574–84.
doi: 10.1097/00006534-199905000-00004
pubmed: 10323690
Agrawal D, Steinbok P, Cochrane DD. Long-term anthropometric outcomes following surgery for isolated sagittal craniosynostosis. J Neurosurg. 2006;105:357–60.
pubmed: 17328257
Rottgers SA, Kim PD, Kumar AR, Cray JJ, Losee JE, Pollack IF. Cranial vault remodeling for sagittal craniosynostosis in older children. Neurosurg Focus. 2011;31:E3.
doi: 10.3171/2011.5.FOCUS1196
pubmed: 21806342
Pomatto JK, Calcaterra J, Kelly KM, Beals SP, Manwaring KH, Littlefield TR. A study of family head shape: environment alters cranial shape. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2006;45:55–63.
doi: 10.1177/000992280604500109
pubmed: 16429217
Meyer-Marcotty P, Bohm H, Linz C, Kochel J, Stellzig-Eisenhauer A, Schweitzer T. Three-dimensional analysis of cranial growth from 6 to 12 months of age. Eur J Orthod. 2014;36:489–96.
doi: 10.1093/ejo/cjt010
pubmed: 25257925
Nam H, Han N, Eom MJ, Kook M, Kim J. Cephalic Index of Korean Children with Normal Brain Development during the First 7 years of life based on computed tomography. Ann Rehabil Med. 2021;45:141–9.
doi: 10.5535/arm.20235
pubmed: 33985316
pmcid: 8137378
Cohen M. History, terminology, and classfication of craniosynostosis. Craniosynostosis: diagnosis, evaluation, and management. New York: Oxford University Press; 2000.
Winters R, Tatum SA 3rd. Location of the euryon in scaphocephalic vs. non-scaphocephalic controls: a novel assessment of cranial vault remodeling outcomes. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2018;46:624–7.
doi: 10.1016/j.jcms.2017.12.025
pubmed: 29426585