EAACI guidelines on the management of IgE-mediated food allergy.

IgE‐mediated food allergy allergen immunotherapy anaphylaxis biologicals diet food allergy management treatment

Journal

Allergy
ISSN: 1398-9995
Titre abrégé: Allergy
Pays: Denmark
ID NLM: 7804028

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
30 Oct 2024
Historique:
revised: 18 09 2024
received: 01 09 2024
accepted: 21 09 2024
medline: 30 10 2024
pubmed: 30 10 2024
entrez: 30 10 2024
Statut: aheadofprint

Résumé

This European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) guideline provides recommendations for the management of IgE-mediated food allergy and was developed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach. Following the confirmation of IgE-mediated food allergy diagnosis, allergen avoidance and dietary advice (with support of a specialised dietitian, if possible) together with the provision of a written treatment plan, education on the recognition of allergic symptoms and prescription of medication including adrenaline using an auto-injector are essential. Patients with significant anxiety and requirement for coping strategies may benefit from support from a clinical psychologist. As immunomodulatory interventions, omalizumab is suggested for treatment of IgE-mediated food allergy in children from the age of 1 and adults; and oral allergen-specific immunotherapy is recommended for children and adolescents with peanut allergy and suggested for milk and egg allergies (generally after 4 years of age for milk and egg). Sublingual and epicutaneous immunotherapy are suggested for peanut allergy but are not yet available at the point of care. Future research into disease modifying treatments for IgE-mediated food allergy are highly needed, with standardised and patient-focused protocols and outcomes.

Identifiants

pubmed: 39473345
doi: 10.1111/all.16345
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Subventions

Organisme : European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Informations de copyright

© 2024 The Author(s). Allergy published by European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Références

Gupta RS, Warren CM, Smith BM, et al. Prevalence and Severity of Food Allergies Among US Adults. JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(1):e185630. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.5630
Gupta RS, Warren CM, Smith BM, et al. The Public Health Impact of Parent‐Reported Childhood Food Allergies in the United States. Pediatrics. 2018;142(6). doi:10.1542/peds.2018-1235
Rona RJ, Keil T, Summers C, et al. The prevalence of food allergy: a meta‐analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007;120(3):638‐646. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2007.05.026
Halken S, Muraro A, de Silva D, et al. EAACI guideline: Preventing the development of food allergy in infants and young children (2020 update). Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2021;32(5):843‐858. doi:10.1111/pai.13496
Muraro A, Werfel T, Hoffmann‐Sommergruber K, et al. EAACI food allergy and anaphylaxis guidelines: diagnosis and management of food allergy. Allergy. 2014;69(8):1008‐1025. doi:10.1111/all.12429
Santos AF, Riggioni C, Agache I, et al. EAACI Guidelines on the Diagnosis of IgE‐mediated Food Allergy. Allergy. 2023; 78(12):3057‐3076.
Pajno GB, Fernandez‐Rivas M, Arasi S, et al. EAACI Guidelines on allergen immunotherapy: IgE‐mediated food allergy. Allergy. 2018;73(4):799‐815. doi:10.1111/all.13319
Riggioni C. Systematic review of the literature and meta‐analyses of diagnostic accuracy of tests in IgE‐mediated food allergy. Allergy. 2024; 79(2):324‐352.
Riggioni C, Oton T, Carmona L, Du Toit G, Skypala I, Santos AF. Immunotherapy and biologics in the management of IgE‐mediated food allergy: Systematic review and meta‐analyses of efficacy and safety. Allergy. 2024; 79(8):2097‐2127.
Rodriguez Del Rio P, Alvaro‐Lozano M, Arasi S, et al. Evaluation of clinical outcomes of efficacy in food allergen immunotherapy trials, COFAITH EAACI task force. Allergy. 2024;79(4):793‐822. doi:10.1111/all.16027
Knibb RC, Jones CJ, Herbert LJ, Screti C. Psychological support needs for children with food allergy and their families: A systematic review. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2024;35(3):e14108. doi:10.1111/pai.14108
Akl E, Mustafa R, Santesso N, Wiercioch W. GRADE Handbook2013. https://gdt.gradepro.org/app/handbook/handbook.html
Muraro A, Worm M, Alviani C, et al. EAACI guidelines: Anaphylaxis (2021 update). Allergy. 2022;77(2):357‐377. doi:10.1111/all.15032
Venter C, Roth‐Walter F, Vassilopoulos E, Hicks A. Dietary management of IgE and non‐IgE‐mediated food allergies in pediatric patients. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2024;35(3):e14100. doi:10.1111/pai.14100
Skypala IJHH, Krishna MT, Rey‐Garcia H, et al. BSACI guideline for the diagnosis and management of Pollen Food Syndrome in the UK. Clin Exp Allergy. 2022; 52(9):1018‐1034.
Krawiec M, Radulovic S, Foong RX, et al. Diagnostic utility of allergy tests to predict baked egg and lightly cooked egg allergies compared to double‐blind placebo‐controlled food challenges. Allergy. 2023; 78(9):2510‐2522. doi:10.1111/all.15797
Upton JEM, Wong D, Nowak‐Wegrzyn A. Baked milk and egg diets revisited. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2024;132(3):328‐336. doi:10.1016/j.anai.2023.12.024
Moghaddam AE, Hillson WR, Noti M, et al. Dry roasting enhances peanut‐induced allergic sensitization across mucosal and cutaneous routes in mice. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;134(6):1453‐1456. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2014.07.032
Zhang T, Shi Y, Zhao Y, Tang G, Niu B, Chen Q. Boiling and roasting treatment affecting the peanut allergenicity. Ann Transl Med. 2018;6(18):357. doi:10.21037/atm.2018.05.08
Maleki SJ, Chung SY, Champagne ET, Raufman JP. The effects of roasting on the allergenic properties of peanut proteins. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2000;106(4):763‐768. doi:10.1067/mai.2000.109620
Trendelenburg V, Dolle‐Bierke S, Unterleider N, et al. Tolerance induction through non‐avoidance to prevent persistent food allergy (TINA) in children and adults with peanut or tree nut allergy: rationale, study design and methods of a randomized controlled trial and observational cohort study. Trials. 2022;23(1):236. doi:10.1186/s13063-022-06149-4
Iglesia EGA, Kwan M, Virkud YV, Iweala OI. Management of Food Allergies and Food‐Related Anaphylaxis. JAMA. 2024;331(6):510‐521. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.26857
Dölle‐Bierke S, Höfer V, Francuzik W, et al. Food‐Induced Anaphylaxis: Data From the European Anaphylaxis Registry. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2023;11(7):2069‐2079. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2023.03.026
Skypala IJ, Reese I, Durban R, et al. Food allergy‐A holistic approach to dietary management. A joint EAACI Research & Outreach Committee and INDANA review. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2023;34(9):e14019. doi:10.1111/pai.14019
Warren C, Gupta R, Seetasith A, et al. The clinical burden of food allergies: Insights from the Food Allergy Research & Education (FARE) Patient Registry. World Allergy Organ J. 2024;17(3):100889. doi:10.1016/j.waojou.2024.100889
Durban R, Groetch M, Meyer R, et al. Dietary Management of Food Allergy. Immunol Allergy Clin N Am. 2021;41(2):233‐270. doi:10.1016/j.iac.2021.01.009
Adam T, Divaret‐Chauveau A, Roduit C, et al. Complementary feeding practices are related to the risk of food allergy in the ELFE cohort. Allergy. 2023;78(9):2456‐2466. doi:10.1111/all.15828
Zhong C, Guo J, Tan T, et al. Increased food diversity in the first year of life is inversely associated with allergic outcomes in the second year. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2022;33(1):e13707. doi:10.1111/pai.13707
Abrams EM, Ben‐Shoshan M, Protudjer JLP, Lavine E, Chan ES. Early introduction is not enough: CSACI statement on the importance of ongoing regular ingestion as a means of food allergy prevention. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2023;19(1):63. doi:10.1186/s13223-023-00814-2
Saunders CM, Rehbinder EM, Carlsen KCL, et al. Feeding Practices and Dietary Diversity in the First Year of Life: PreventADALL, a Scandinavian Randomized Controlled Trial and Birth Cohort Study. J Nutr. 2023;153(8):2463‐2471. doi:10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.06.015
Tuballa A, Connell D, Smith M, Dowsett C, O'Neill H, Albarqouni L. Introduction of allergenic food to infants and allergic and autoimmune conditions: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. BMJ. Evid Based Med. 2024;29(2):104‐113. doi:10.1136/bmjebm-2023-112445
Wang S, Yin P, Yu L, Tian F, Chen W, Zhai Q. Effects of Early Diet on the Prevalence of Allergic Disease in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis. Adv Nutr. 2024;15(1):100128. doi:10.1016/j.advnut.2023.10.001
Kuper P, Hasenpusch C, Proebstl S, et al. Timing of complementary feeding for early childhood allergy prevention: An overview of systematic reviews. Clin Exp Allergy. 2023;53(12):1243‐1255. doi:10.1111/cea.14399
Scarpone R, Kimkool P, Ierodiakonou D, et al. Timing of Allergenic Food Introduction and Risk of Immunoglobulin E‐Mediated Food Allergy: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis. JAMA Pediatr. 2023;177(5):489‐497. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.0142
Kuśmierek M, Chęsy A, Krogulska A. Diet Diversity During Infancy and the Prevalence of Sensitization and Allergy in Children up to 3 Years of Age in the Kujawsko‐Pomorskie Voivodeship, Poland. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2024;63(3):375‐387. doi:10.1177/00099228231175469
Soriano VX, Ciciulla D, Gell G, et al. Complementary and allergenic food introduction in infants: an umbrella review. Pediatrics. 2023;78(6):1441‐1458. doi:10.1542/peds.2022-058380
Berni Canani R, Leone L, D'Auria E, et al. The effects of dietary counseling on children with food allergy: a prospective, multicenter intervention study. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2014;114(9):1432‐1439. doi:10.1016/j.jand.2014.03.018
Venter C, Laitinen K, Vlieg‐Boerstra B. Nutritional aspects in diagnosis and management of food hypersensitivity‐the dietitians role. J Allergy (Cairo). 2012;2012:269376. doi:10.1155/2012/269376
Warren CM, Brewer AG, Grobman B, Jiang J, Gupta RS. Racial/Ethnic Differences in Food Allergy. Immunol Allergy Clin N Am. 2021;41(2):189‐203. doi:10.1016/j.iac.2021.01.007
Protudjer JLP, Mikkelsen A. Veganism and paediatric food allergy: two increasingly prevalent dietary issues that are challenging when co‐occurring. BMC Pediatr. 2020;20(1):341. doi:10.1186/s12887-020-02236-0
Venter C, Meyer R, Bauer M, et al. Identifying Children at Risk of Growth and Nutrient Deficiencies in the Food Allergy Clinic. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2024;12(3):579‐589. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2024.01.027
Meyer R. Nutritional disorders resulting from food allergy in children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2018;29(7):689‐704. doi:10.1111/pai.12960
Low DW, Jamil A, Md Nor N, Kader Ibrahim SB, Poh BK. Food restriction, nutrition status, and growth in toddlers with atopic dermatitis. Pediatr Dermatol. 2020;37(1):69‐77. doi:10.1111/pde.14004
Meyer R, Wright K, Vieira MC, et al. International survey on growth indices and impacting factors in children with food allergies. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2019;32(2):175‐184. doi:10.1111/jhn.12610
Golding MA, Batac ALR, Gunnarsson NV, Ahlstedt S, Middelveld R, Protudjer JLP. The burden of food allergy on children and teens: A systematic review. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2022;33(3):e13743. doi:10.1111/pai.13743
Patrawala MM, Vickery BP, Proctor KB, Scahill L, Stubbs KH, Sharp WG. Avoidant‐restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID): A treatable complication of food allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2022;10(1):326‐328. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2021.07.052
Bird L. Immunology of food aversion. Nat Rev Immunol. 2023;23(9):542. doi:10.1038/s41577-023-00928-z
Skypala I, Bauer M, DunnGalvin A, Venter C. The challenges of managing multiple food allergies and consequent food aversions. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2022;10(1):35‐44. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2021.10.044
Dantzer JA, Keet CA. Anxiety associated with food allergy in adults and adolescents: An analysis of data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007‐2010. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2020;8(5):1743‐1746. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2019.12.028
Maslin K, Pickett K, Ngo S, Anderson W, Dean T, Venter C. Dietary diversity during infancy and the association with childhood food allergen sensitization. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2022;33(1):e13650. doi:10.1111/pai.13650
Berber Vlieg‐Boerstra MG, Vassilopoulou E, Meyer R, et al. The Immune‐supportive diet in allergy management. A narrative review and proposal. Allergy. 2023; 78(6):1441‐1458. doi:10.1111/all.15687
Letner D, Farris A, Khalili H, Garber J. Pollen‐food allergy syndrome is a common allergic comorbidity in adults with eosinophilic esophagitis. Dis Esophagus. 2018;31(2). doi:10.1093/dote/dox122
Nowak‐Wegrzyn A, Berin MC, Mehr S. Food Protein‐Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2020;8(1):24‐35. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2019.08.020
Al‐Beltagi M, Saeed NK, Bediwy AS, Elbeltagi R. Cow's milk‐induced gastrointestinal disorders: From infancy to adulthood. World. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2022;11(6):437‐454. doi:10.5409/wjcp.v11.i6.437
Patel K, Vila‐Nadal G, Shah J, et al. Is pollen‐food syndrome a frequent comorbidity in adults with irritable bowel syndrome? Allergy; 2020; 75(7):1780‐1783. doi:10.1111/all.14209
Lloyd M, Loke P, Mack DP, et al. Varying Approaches to Management of IgE‐Mediated Food Allergy in Children Around the World. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2023;11(4):1010‐1027. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2023.01.049
Giovannini M, D'Auria E, Caffarelli C, et al. Nutritional management and follow up of infants and children with food allergy: Italian Society of Pediatric Nutrition/Italian Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Task Force Position Statement. Ital. J Pediatr. 2014;40:1. doi:10.1186/1824-7288-40-1
Brandwein M, Enten Vissoker R, Jackson H, et al. Redefining the role of nutrition in infant food allergy prevention: a narrative review. Nutrients. 2024;16(6):838. doi:10.3390/nu16060838
Krawiec M, Fisher HR, Du Toit G, Bahnson HT, Lack G. Overview of oral tolerance induction for prevention of food allergy‐Where are we now? Allergy. 2021;76(9):2684‐2698. doi:10.1111/all.14758
Pecoraro L, Dalle Carbonare L, Castagnoli R, Marseglia GL, Piacentini G, Pietrobelli A. IgE‐mediated fish allergy in children: is omega‐3 supplementation useful? Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2022;73(2):154‐157. doi:10.1080/09637486.2021.1957782
Skypala IJ, McKenzie R. Nutritional Issues in Food Allergy. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2019;57(2):166‐178. doi:10.1007/s12016-018-8688-x
Greer FR, Sicherer SH, Burks AW. The Effects of Early Nutritional Interventions on the Development of Atopic Disease in Infants and Children: The Role of Maternal Dietary Restriction, Breastfeeding, Hydrolyzed Formulas, and Timing of Introduction of Allergenic Complementary Foods. Pediatrics. 2019;143(4):e20190281. doi:10.1542/peds.2019-0281
Gamirova A, Berbenyuk A, Levina D, et al. Food Proteins in Human Breast Milk and Probability of IgE‐Mediated Allergic Reaction in Children During Breastfeeding: A Systematic Review. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2022;10(5):1312‐1324. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2022.01.028
Meyer R, Venter C, Bognanni A, et al. World Allergy Organization (WAO) Diagnosis and Rationale for Action against Cow's Milk Allergy (DRACMA) Guideline update ‐ VII ‐ Milk elimination and reintroduction in the diagnostic process of cow's milk allergy. World Allergy Organ J. 2023;16(7):100785. doi:10.1016/j.waojou.2023.100785
Fructuoso I, Romão B, Han H, et al. An overview on nutritional aspects of plant‐based beverages used as substitutes for cow's milk. Nutrients. 2021;13(8):2650. doi:10.3390/nu13082650
Mori F, Serranti D, Barni S, et al. A kwashiorkor case due to the use of an exclusive rice milk diet to treat atopic dermatitis. Nutr J. 2015;14:83. doi:10.1186/s12937-015-0071-7
Keller MD, Shuker M, Heimall J, Cianferoni A. Severe malnutrition resulting from use of rice milk in food elimination diets for atopic dermatitis. Isr Med Assoc J. 2012;14(1):40‐42.
Vandenplas Y, Brough HA, Fiocchi A, et al. Current guidelines and future strategies for the management of cow's milk allergy. J Asthma Allergy. 2021;14:1243‐1256. doi:10.2147/jaa.S276992
Holleman BC, van Os‐Medendorp H, van den Bergh H, et al. Poor understanding of allergen labelling by allergic and non‐allergic consumers. Clin Exp Allergy. 2021;51(10):1374‐1382. doi:10.1111/cea.13975
Cardona V, Luengo O, Garriga T, et al. Co‐factor‐enhanced food allergy. Allergy. 2012;67(10):1316‐1318. doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2012.02877.x
Muraro A, Clark A, Beyer K, et al. The management of the allergic child at school: EAACI/GA2LEN Task Force on the allergic child at school. Allergy. 2010;65(6):681‐689. doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2010.02343.x
Scurlock AM, Brown E, Davis CM. Food insecurity in children and adults with food allergies. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2022;129(4):424‐429. doi:10.1016/j.anai.2022.08.012
Venter C, Groetch M, Netting M, Meyer R. A patient‐specific approach to develop an exclusion diet to manage food allergy in infants and children. Clin Exp Allergy. 2018;48(2):121‐137. doi:10.1111/cea.13087
Bilaver LA, Kester KM, Smith BM, Gupta RS. Socioeconomic disparities in the economic impact of childhood food allergy. Pediatrics. 2016;137(5):e20153678. doi:10.1542/peds.2015-3678
Golding MA, Simons E, Abrams EM, Gerdts J, Protudjer JLP. The excess costs of childhood food allergy on Canadian families: a cross‐sectional study. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2021;17(1):28. doi:10.1186/s13223-021-00530-9
Upton J, Nowak‐Wegrzyn A. The impact of baked egg and baked milk diets on IgE‐ and non‐IgE‐mediated allergy. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2018;55(2):118‐138. doi:10.1007/s12016-018-8669-0
D'Auria E, Abrahams M, Zuccotti GV, Venter C. Personalized nutrition approach in food allergy: is it prime time yet? Nutrients. 2019;11(2):359.
Westwell‐Roper C, To S, Andjelic G, et al. Food‐allergy‐specific anxiety and distress in parents of children with food allergy: a systematic review. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2022;33(1):e13695. doi:10.1111/pai.13695
Chu DK, Wood RA, French S, et al. Oral immunotherapy for peanut allergy (PACE): a systematic review and meta‐analysis of efficacy and safety. Lancet. 2019;393(10187):2222‐2232. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30420-9
Vickery BP, Berglund JP, Burk CM, et al. Early oral immunotherapy in peanut‐allergic preschool children is safe and highly effective. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017;139(1):173‐181. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2016.05.027
Loke P, Orsini F, Lozinsky AC, et al. Probiotic peanut oral immunotherapy versus oral immunotherapy and placebo in children with peanut allergy in Australia (PPOIT‐003): a multicentre, randomised, phase 2b trial. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2022;6(3):171‐184. doi:10.1016/S2352-4642(22)00006-2
Jones SM, Kim EH, Nadeau KC, et al. Efficacy and safety of oral immunotherapy in children aged 1‐3 years with peanut allergy (the Immune Tolerance Network IMPACT trial): a randomised placebo‐controlled study. Lancet. 2022;399(10322):359‐371. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02390-4
Du Toit G, Brown KR, Vereda A, et al. Oral Immunotherapy for Peanut Allergy in Children 1 to Less Than 4 Years of Age. NEJM Evid. 2023;2(11):EVIDoa2300145. doi:10.1056/EVIDoa2300145
Greenhawt M, Sindher SB, Wang J, et al. Phase 3 Trial of Epicutaneous Immunotherapy in Toddlers with Peanut Allergy. N Engl J Med. 2023;388(19):1755‐1766. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2212895
Kim EH, Bird JA, Keet CA, et al. Desensitization and remission after peanut sublingual immunotherapy in 1‐ to 4‐year‐old peanut‐allergic children: A randomized, placebo‐controlled trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2024;153(1):173‐181. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2023.08.032
Lebovidge JS, Strauch H, Kalish LA, Schneider LC. Assessment of psychological distress among children and adolescents with food allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009;124(6):1282‐1288. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.08.045
Topal E, Catal F, Soylu N, et al. Psychiatric disorders and symptoms severity in pre‐school children with cow's milk allergy. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2016;44(5):445‐449. doi:10.1016/j.aller.2016.03.001
Nowak‐Wegrzyn A, Hass SL, Donelson SM, et al. The Peanut Allergy Burden Study: Impact on the quality of life of patients and caregivers. World Allergy Organ J. 2021;14(2):100512. doi:10.1016/j.waojou.2021.100512
Kim EH, Keet CA, Virkud YV, et al. Open‐label study of the efficacy, safety, and durability of peanut sublingual immunotherapy in peanut‐allergic children. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2023;151(6):1558‐1565. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2023.01.036
Giavi S, Vissers YM, Muraro A, et al. Oral immunotherapy with low allergenic hydrolysed egg in egg allergic children. Allergy. 2016;71(11):1575‐1584. doi:10.1111/all.12905
Wood RA, Togias A, Sicherer SH, et al. Omalizumab for the treatment of multiple food allergies. N Engl J Med. 2024;390(10):889‐899. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2312382
Blackman AC, Staggers KA, Kronisch L, Davis CM, Anagnostou A. Quality of life improves significantly after real‐world oral immunotherapy for children with peanut allergy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2020;125(2):196‐201. doi:10.1016/j.anai.2020.03.028
Peters RL, Koplin JJ, Gurrin LC, et al. The prevalence of food allergy and other allergic diseases in early childhood in a population‐based study: HealthNuts age 4‐year follow‐up. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017;140(1):145‐153. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2017.02.019
Foong RX, Du Toit G, Van Ree R, et al. Biomarkers to predict changes in peanut allergy in children over time. Allergy. 2024; 79(10):2775‐2786.
Parker KM, Dang TD, Wijesuriya R, et al. Longitudinal peanut and Ara h 2 specific‐IgE, ‐IgG(4), and ‐IgG(4)/‐IgE ratios are associated with the natural resolution of peanut allergy in childhood. Allergy. 2024;79(7):1868‐1880. doi:10.1111/all.16111
Dang TD, Peters RL, Koplin JJ, et al. Egg allergen specific IgE diversity predicts resolution of egg allergy in the population cohort HealthNuts. Allergy. 2019;74(2):318‐326. doi:10.1111/all.13572
Fiocchi A, Artesani MC, Riccardi C, et al. Impact of omalizumab on food allergy in patients treated for asthma: a real‐life study. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2019;7(6):1901‐1909. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2019.01.023
Gomez F, Bogas G, Gonzalez M, et al. The clinical and immunological effects of Pru p 3 sublingual immunotherapy on peach and peanut allergy in patients with systemic reactions. Clin Exp Allergy. 2017;47(3):339‐350. doi:10.1111/cea.12901
Fernandez‐Rivas M, Garrido Fernandez S, Nadal JA, et al. Randomized double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial of sublingual immunotherapy with a Pru p 3 quantified peach extract. Allergy. 2009;64(6):876‐883. doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2008.01921.x

Auteurs

Alexandra F Santos (AF)

Department of Women and Children's Health (Pediatric Allergy), School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
Children's Allergy Service, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK.

Carmen Riggioni (C)

Division of Immunology and Allergy, The Hospital for Sick Children and the SickKids Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Program, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Paediatrics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Ioana Agache (I)

Faculty of Medicine, Transylvania University, Brasov, Romania.

Cezmi A Akdis (CA)

Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.

Mubeccel Akdis (M)

Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.

Alberto Alvarez-Perea (A)

Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain.

Montserrat Alvaro-Lozano (M)

Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.
Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

Barbara Ballmer-Weber (B)

Clinic for Dermatology and Allergology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Simona Barni (S)

Allergy Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy.

Kirsten Beyer (K)

Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

Carsten Bindslev-Jensen (C)

Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense Research Centre for Anaphylaxis (ORCA), Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.

Helen A Brough (HA)

Department of Women and Children's Health (Pediatric Allergy), School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
Children's Allergy Service, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK.

Betul Buyuktiryaki (B)

Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye.

Derek Chu (D)

McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.

Stefano Del Giacco (S)

Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health and Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital "Duilio Casula", University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.

Audrey Dunn-Galvin (A)

Paediatrics and Child Health, INFANT Centre, HRB-CRF, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
Paediatrics and Child Health, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Children's Health Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.

Bernadette Eberlein (B)

Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany.

Motohiro Ebisawa (M)

Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, NHO Sagamihara National Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan.

Philippe Eigenmann (P)

Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.

Thomas Eiwegger (T)

Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems an der Donau, Austria.
Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital St. Pölten, St.Pölten, Austria.
Translational Medicine Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Immunology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Mary Feeney (M)

Department of Women and Children's Health (Pediatric Allergy), School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.

Montserrat Fernandez-Rivas (M)

Allergy Department, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, IdISSC, ARADyAL, Madrid, Spain.

Alessandro Fiocchi (A)

Allergy Department, Pediatric Hospital Bambino Gesù IRCCS, Rome, Italy.

Helen R Fisher (HR)

Department of Women and Children's Health (Pediatric Allergy), School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.

David M Fleischer (DM)

University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA.

Mattia Giovannini (M)

Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.

Claudia Gray (C)

Red Cross Children's Hospital and Kidsallergy Centre, Cape Town, South Africa.
Department of Paediatrics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.

Karin Hoffmann-Sommergruber (K)

Dept. of pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Susanne Halken (S)

Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.

Jonathan O'B Hourihane (J)

Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Childrens Health Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.

Christina J Jones (CJ)

School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.

Marek Jutel (M)

Department of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Wrocław Medical University; and ALL-MED Medical Research Institute, Wroclaw, Poland.

Edward F Knol (EF)

Department Center of Translational Immunology and Department Dermatology/Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

George N Konstantinou (GN)

Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 424 General Military Training Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.

Gideon Lack (G)

Department of Women and Children's Health (Pediatric Allergy), School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
Children's Allergy Service, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK.

Susanne Lau (S)

Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense Research Centre for Anaphylaxis (ORCA), Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.

Andreina Marques Mejias (AM)

Department of Women and Children's Health (Pediatric Allergy), School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
Children's Allergy Service, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK.

Mary Jane Marchisotto (MJ)

EAACI Patient Organisation Committee, Zurich, Switzerland.
MJM Advisory, New York, New York, USA.

Rosan Meyer (R)

Dept. Nutrition and Dietetics, Winchester University, Winchester, UK.
Department of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

Charlotte G Mortz (CG)

Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye.

Beatriz Moya (B)

Department of Allergy, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.

Antonella Muraro (A)

Food Allergy Referral Centre, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy.

Caroline Nilsson (C)

Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
Sachs Children and Youth Hospital, South Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.

Lucila Camargo Lopes de Oliveira (LCL)

Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Paediatrics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Liam O'Mahony (L)

Department of Medicine, School of Microbiology, APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.

Nikolaos G Papadopoulos (NG)

Allergy Dpt, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Lydia Becker Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.

Kirsten P Perrett (KP)

Population Allergy, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia.
Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Department of Allergy and Immunology, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.

Rachel Peters (R)

Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Department of Paediatrics, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.

Marcia Podesta (M)

European Federation of Allergy and Airways Diseases Patients' Associations and the EAACI Patient Organisation Committee, Zurich, Switzerland.

Lars K Poulsen (LK)

Allergy Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital at Herlev-Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Graham Roberts (G)

Paediatric Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, University of Southampton, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre and David Hide Asthma and Allergy Centre, St Mary Hospital, Isle of Wight, UK.

Hugh Sampson (H)

Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.

Jürgen Schwarze (J)

Child Life and Health, Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

Peter Smith (P)

Clinical Medicine, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia.
Queensland Allergy Services Private Practice, Southport, Queensland, Australia.

Elizabeth Tham (E)

Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore, Singapore.
Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.

Eva Untersmayr (E)

Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Ronald Van Ree (R)

Department of Experimental Immunology and of Otorhinolaryngology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Carina Venter (C)

Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA.

Brian Vickery (B)

Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Berber Vlieg-Boerstra (B)

Department of Paediatrics, OLVG Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Rijnstate Allergy Centre, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands.
Vlieg Dieticians, Private Practice for dietary management of food allergy, Arnhem, the Netherlands.

Thomas Werfel (T)

Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.

Margitta Worm (M)

Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense Research Centre for Anaphylaxis (ORCA), Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.

George Du Toit (G)

Department of Women and Children's Health (Pediatric Allergy), School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
Children's Allergy Service, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK.

Isabel Skypala (I)

Part of Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, London, UK.
Department of Inflammation and Repair, Imperial College, London, UK.

Classifications MeSH