Transcatheter Valve Replacement in Severe Tricuspid Regurgitation.

Journal

The New England journal of medicine
ISSN: 1533-4406
Titre abrégé: N Engl J Med
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0255562

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
30 Oct 2024
Historique:
medline: 30 10 2024
pubmed: 30 10 2024
entrez: 30 10 2024
Statut: aheadofprint

Résumé

Severe tricuspid regurgitation is associated with disabling symptoms and an increased risk of death. Data regarding outcomes after percutaneous transcatheter tricuspid-valve replacement are needed. In this international, multicenter trial, we randomly assigned 400 patients with severe symptomatic tricuspid regurgitation in a 2:1 ratio to undergo either transcatheter tricuspid-valve replacement and medical therapy (valve-replacement group) or medical therapy alone (control group). The hierarchical composite primary outcome was death from any cause, implantation of a right ventricular assist device or heart transplantation, postindex tricuspid-valve intervention, hospitalization for heart failure, an improvement of at least 10 points in the score on the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire overall summary (KCCQ-OS), an improvement of at least one New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, and an improvement of at least 30 m on the 6-minute walk distance. A win ratio was calculated for the primary outcome by comparing all possible patient pairs, starting with the first event in the hierarchy. A total of 267 patients were assigned to the valve-replacement group and 133 to the control group. At 1 year, the win ratio favoring valve replacement was 2.02 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.56 to 2.62; P<0.001). In comparisons of patient pairs, those in the valve-replacement group had more wins than the control group with respect to death from any cause (14.8% vs. 12.5%), postindex tricuspid-valve intervention (3.2% vs. 0.6%), and improvement in the KCCQ-OS score (23.1% vs. 6.0%), NYHA class (10.2% vs. 0.8%), and 6-minute walk distance (1.1% vs. 0.9%). The valve-replacement group had fewer wins than the control group with respect to the annualized rate of hospitalization for heart failure (9.7% vs. 10.0%). Severe bleeding occurred in 15.4% of the valve-replacement group and in 5.3% of the control group (P = 0.003); new permanent pacemakers were implanted in 17.4% and 2.3%, respectively (P<0.001). For patients with severe tricuspid regurgitation, transcatheter tricuspid-valve replacement was superior to medical therapy alone for the primary composite outcome, driven primarily by improvements in symptoms and quality of life. (Funded by Edwards Lifesciences; TRISCEND II ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04482062.).

Sections du résumé

BACKGROUND BACKGROUND
Severe tricuspid regurgitation is associated with disabling symptoms and an increased risk of death. Data regarding outcomes after percutaneous transcatheter tricuspid-valve replacement are needed.
METHODS METHODS
In this international, multicenter trial, we randomly assigned 400 patients with severe symptomatic tricuspid regurgitation in a 2:1 ratio to undergo either transcatheter tricuspid-valve replacement and medical therapy (valve-replacement group) or medical therapy alone (control group). The hierarchical composite primary outcome was death from any cause, implantation of a right ventricular assist device or heart transplantation, postindex tricuspid-valve intervention, hospitalization for heart failure, an improvement of at least 10 points in the score on the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire overall summary (KCCQ-OS), an improvement of at least one New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, and an improvement of at least 30 m on the 6-minute walk distance. A win ratio was calculated for the primary outcome by comparing all possible patient pairs, starting with the first event in the hierarchy.
RESULTS RESULTS
A total of 267 patients were assigned to the valve-replacement group and 133 to the control group. At 1 year, the win ratio favoring valve replacement was 2.02 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.56 to 2.62; P<0.001). In comparisons of patient pairs, those in the valve-replacement group had more wins than the control group with respect to death from any cause (14.8% vs. 12.5%), postindex tricuspid-valve intervention (3.2% vs. 0.6%), and improvement in the KCCQ-OS score (23.1% vs. 6.0%), NYHA class (10.2% vs. 0.8%), and 6-minute walk distance (1.1% vs. 0.9%). The valve-replacement group had fewer wins than the control group with respect to the annualized rate of hospitalization for heart failure (9.7% vs. 10.0%). Severe bleeding occurred in 15.4% of the valve-replacement group and in 5.3% of the control group (P = 0.003); new permanent pacemakers were implanted in 17.4% and 2.3%, respectively (P<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS
For patients with severe tricuspid regurgitation, transcatheter tricuspid-valve replacement was superior to medical therapy alone for the primary composite outcome, driven primarily by improvements in symptoms and quality of life. (Funded by Edwards Lifesciences; TRISCEND II ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04482062.).

Identifiants

DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2401918 PMID: 39475399
pubmed: 39475399
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2401918
doi:

Banques de données

ClinicalTrials.gov
['NCT04482062']

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Informations de copyright

Copyright © 2024 Massachusetts Medical Society.

Auteurs

Rebecca T Hahn (RT)

From Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (R.T.H., M.B.L., S.K.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.M., M.M.), and Stanford University, Stanford (R.P.S., C.H.) - both in California; Piedmont Heart Institute, Marcus Heart Valve Center, Atlanta (V.H.T., P.Y.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (C.J.D., A.N.); Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit (B.O., J.L.); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (F.Z., S.C.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.E., S.P.); Baylor Scott and White Heart Hospital Plano (R.S., M.S., P.A.G., M.J.M.) and Baylor Scott and White Research Institute Cardiac Imaging Core Laboratory (P.A.G., A.S.) - both in Plano, TX; Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT (B.W., N.K.S.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (S.G., T.S.-D.), and the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (S.K., S.C.H.); Heart Center Leipzig at Leipzig University, Leipzig (H.T.), and University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz (P.L.) - both in Germany; Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ (R.K., K.K.); and the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (D.S.L., D.F.).

Raj Makkar (R)

From Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (R.T.H., M.B.L., S.K.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.M., M.M.), and Stanford University, Stanford (R.P.S., C.H.) - both in California; Piedmont Heart Institute, Marcus Heart Valve Center, Atlanta (V.H.T., P.Y.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (C.J.D., A.N.); Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit (B.O., J.L.); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (F.Z., S.C.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.E., S.P.); Baylor Scott and White Heart Hospital Plano (R.S., M.S., P.A.G., M.J.M.) and Baylor Scott and White Research Institute Cardiac Imaging Core Laboratory (P.A.G., A.S.) - both in Plano, TX; Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT (B.W., N.K.S.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (S.G., T.S.-D.), and the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (S.K., S.C.H.); Heart Center Leipzig at Leipzig University, Leipzig (H.T.), and University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz (P.L.) - both in Germany; Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ (R.K., K.K.); and the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (D.S.L., D.F.).

Vinod H Thourani (VH)

From Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (R.T.H., M.B.L., S.K.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.M., M.M.), and Stanford University, Stanford (R.P.S., C.H.) - both in California; Piedmont Heart Institute, Marcus Heart Valve Center, Atlanta (V.H.T., P.Y.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (C.J.D., A.N.); Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit (B.O., J.L.); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (F.Z., S.C.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.E., S.P.); Baylor Scott and White Heart Hospital Plano (R.S., M.S., P.A.G., M.J.M.) and Baylor Scott and White Research Institute Cardiac Imaging Core Laboratory (P.A.G., A.S.) - both in Plano, TX; Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT (B.W., N.K.S.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (S.G., T.S.-D.), and the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (S.K., S.C.H.); Heart Center Leipzig at Leipzig University, Leipzig (H.T.), and University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz (P.L.) - both in Germany; Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ (R.K., K.K.); and the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (D.S.L., D.F.).

Moody Makar (M)

From Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (R.T.H., M.B.L., S.K.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.M., M.M.), and Stanford University, Stanford (R.P.S., C.H.) - both in California; Piedmont Heart Institute, Marcus Heart Valve Center, Atlanta (V.H.T., P.Y.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (C.J.D., A.N.); Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit (B.O., J.L.); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (F.Z., S.C.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.E., S.P.); Baylor Scott and White Heart Hospital Plano (R.S., M.S., P.A.G., M.J.M.) and Baylor Scott and White Research Institute Cardiac Imaging Core Laboratory (P.A.G., A.S.) - both in Plano, TX; Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT (B.W., N.K.S.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (S.G., T.S.-D.), and the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (S.K., S.C.H.); Heart Center Leipzig at Leipzig University, Leipzig (H.T.), and University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz (P.L.) - both in Germany; Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ (R.K., K.K.); and the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (D.S.L., D.F.).

Rahul P Sharma (RP)

From Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (R.T.H., M.B.L., S.K.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.M., M.M.), and Stanford University, Stanford (R.P.S., C.H.) - both in California; Piedmont Heart Institute, Marcus Heart Valve Center, Atlanta (V.H.T., P.Y.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (C.J.D., A.N.); Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit (B.O., J.L.); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (F.Z., S.C.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.E., S.P.); Baylor Scott and White Heart Hospital Plano (R.S., M.S., P.A.G., M.J.M.) and Baylor Scott and White Research Institute Cardiac Imaging Core Laboratory (P.A.G., A.S.) - both in Plano, TX; Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT (B.W., N.K.S.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (S.G., T.S.-D.), and the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (S.K., S.C.H.); Heart Center Leipzig at Leipzig University, Leipzig (H.T.), and University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz (P.L.) - both in Germany; Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ (R.K., K.K.); and the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (D.S.L., D.F.).

Christiane Haeffele (C)

From Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (R.T.H., M.B.L., S.K.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.M., M.M.), and Stanford University, Stanford (R.P.S., C.H.) - both in California; Piedmont Heart Institute, Marcus Heart Valve Center, Atlanta (V.H.T., P.Y.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (C.J.D., A.N.); Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit (B.O., J.L.); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (F.Z., S.C.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.E., S.P.); Baylor Scott and White Heart Hospital Plano (R.S., M.S., P.A.G., M.J.M.) and Baylor Scott and White Research Institute Cardiac Imaging Core Laboratory (P.A.G., A.S.) - both in Plano, TX; Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT (B.W., N.K.S.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (S.G., T.S.-D.), and the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (S.K., S.C.H.); Heart Center Leipzig at Leipzig University, Leipzig (H.T.), and University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz (P.L.) - both in Germany; Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ (R.K., K.K.); and the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (D.S.L., D.F.).
ORCID: 0000-0002-0176-6628

Charles J Davidson (CJ)

From Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (R.T.H., M.B.L., S.K.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.M., M.M.), and Stanford University, Stanford (R.P.S., C.H.) - both in California; Piedmont Heart Institute, Marcus Heart Valve Center, Atlanta (V.H.T., P.Y.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (C.J.D., A.N.); Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit (B.O., J.L.); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (F.Z., S.C.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.E., S.P.); Baylor Scott and White Heart Hospital Plano (R.S., M.S., P.A.G., M.J.M.) and Baylor Scott and White Research Institute Cardiac Imaging Core Laboratory (P.A.G., A.S.) - both in Plano, TX; Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT (B.W., N.K.S.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (S.G., T.S.-D.), and the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (S.K., S.C.H.); Heart Center Leipzig at Leipzig University, Leipzig (H.T.), and University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz (P.L.) - both in Germany; Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ (R.K., K.K.); and the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (D.S.L., D.F.).

Akhil Narang (A)

From Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (R.T.H., M.B.L., S.K.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.M., M.M.), and Stanford University, Stanford (R.P.S., C.H.) - both in California; Piedmont Heart Institute, Marcus Heart Valve Center, Atlanta (V.H.T., P.Y.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (C.J.D., A.N.); Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit (B.O., J.L.); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (F.Z., S.C.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.E., S.P.); Baylor Scott and White Heart Hospital Plano (R.S., M.S., P.A.G., M.J.M.) and Baylor Scott and White Research Institute Cardiac Imaging Core Laboratory (P.A.G., A.S.) - both in Plano, TX; Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT (B.W., N.K.S.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (S.G., T.S.-D.), and the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (S.K., S.C.H.); Heart Center Leipzig at Leipzig University, Leipzig (H.T.), and University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz (P.L.) - both in Germany; Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ (R.K., K.K.); and the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (D.S.L., D.F.).

Brian O'Neill (B)

From Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (R.T.H., M.B.L., S.K.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.M., M.M.), and Stanford University, Stanford (R.P.S., C.H.) - both in California; Piedmont Heart Institute, Marcus Heart Valve Center, Atlanta (V.H.T., P.Y.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (C.J.D., A.N.); Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit (B.O., J.L.); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (F.Z., S.C.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.E., S.P.); Baylor Scott and White Heart Hospital Plano (R.S., M.S., P.A.G., M.J.M.) and Baylor Scott and White Research Institute Cardiac Imaging Core Laboratory (P.A.G., A.S.) - both in Plano, TX; Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT (B.W., N.K.S.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (S.G., T.S.-D.), and the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (S.K., S.C.H.); Heart Center Leipzig at Leipzig University, Leipzig (H.T.), and University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz (P.L.) - both in Germany; Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ (R.K., K.K.); and the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (D.S.L., D.F.).

James Lee (J)

From Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (R.T.H., M.B.L., S.K.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.M., M.M.), and Stanford University, Stanford (R.P.S., C.H.) - both in California; Piedmont Heart Institute, Marcus Heart Valve Center, Atlanta (V.H.T., P.Y.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (C.J.D., A.N.); Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit (B.O., J.L.); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (F.Z., S.C.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.E., S.P.); Baylor Scott and White Heart Hospital Plano (R.S., M.S., P.A.G., M.J.M.) and Baylor Scott and White Research Institute Cardiac Imaging Core Laboratory (P.A.G., A.S.) - both in Plano, TX; Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT (B.W., N.K.S.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (S.G., T.S.-D.), and the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (S.K., S.C.H.); Heart Center Leipzig at Leipzig University, Leipzig (H.T.), and University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz (P.L.) - both in Germany; Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ (R.K., K.K.); and the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (D.S.L., D.F.).

Pradeep Yadav (P)

From Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (R.T.H., M.B.L., S.K.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.M., M.M.), and Stanford University, Stanford (R.P.S., C.H.) - both in California; Piedmont Heart Institute, Marcus Heart Valve Center, Atlanta (V.H.T., P.Y.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (C.J.D., A.N.); Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit (B.O., J.L.); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (F.Z., S.C.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.E., S.P.); Baylor Scott and White Heart Hospital Plano (R.S., M.S., P.A.G., M.J.M.) and Baylor Scott and White Research Institute Cardiac Imaging Core Laboratory (P.A.G., A.S.) - both in Plano, TX; Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT (B.W., N.K.S.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (S.G., T.S.-D.), and the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (S.K., S.C.H.); Heart Center Leipzig at Leipzig University, Leipzig (H.T.), and University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz (P.L.) - both in Germany; Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ (R.K., K.K.); and the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (D.S.L., D.F.).

Firas Zahr (F)

From Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (R.T.H., M.B.L., S.K.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.M., M.M.), and Stanford University, Stanford (R.P.S., C.H.) - both in California; Piedmont Heart Institute, Marcus Heart Valve Center, Atlanta (V.H.T., P.Y.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (C.J.D., A.N.); Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit (B.O., J.L.); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (F.Z., S.C.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.E., S.P.); Baylor Scott and White Heart Hospital Plano (R.S., M.S., P.A.G., M.J.M.) and Baylor Scott and White Research Institute Cardiac Imaging Core Laboratory (P.A.G., A.S.) - both in Plano, TX; Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT (B.W., N.K.S.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (S.G., T.S.-D.), and the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (S.K., S.C.H.); Heart Center Leipzig at Leipzig University, Leipzig (H.T.), and University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz (P.L.) - both in Germany; Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ (R.K., K.K.); and the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (D.S.L., D.F.).

Scott Chadderdon (S)

From Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (R.T.H., M.B.L., S.K.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.M., M.M.), and Stanford University, Stanford (R.P.S., C.H.) - both in California; Piedmont Heart Institute, Marcus Heart Valve Center, Atlanta (V.H.T., P.Y.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (C.J.D., A.N.); Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit (B.O., J.L.); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (F.Z., S.C.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.E., S.P.); Baylor Scott and White Heart Hospital Plano (R.S., M.S., P.A.G., M.J.M.) and Baylor Scott and White Research Institute Cardiac Imaging Core Laboratory (P.A.G., A.S.) - both in Plano, TX; Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT (B.W., N.K.S.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (S.G., T.S.-D.), and the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (S.K., S.C.H.); Heart Center Leipzig at Leipzig University, Leipzig (H.T.), and University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz (P.L.) - both in Germany; Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ (R.K., K.K.); and the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (D.S.L., D.F.).

Mackram Eleid (M)

From Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (R.T.H., M.B.L., S.K.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.M., M.M.), and Stanford University, Stanford (R.P.S., C.H.) - both in California; Piedmont Heart Institute, Marcus Heart Valve Center, Atlanta (V.H.T., P.Y.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (C.J.D., A.N.); Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit (B.O., J.L.); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (F.Z., S.C.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.E., S.P.); Baylor Scott and White Heart Hospital Plano (R.S., M.S., P.A.G., M.J.M.) and Baylor Scott and White Research Institute Cardiac Imaging Core Laboratory (P.A.G., A.S.) - both in Plano, TX; Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT (B.W., N.K.S.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (S.G., T.S.-D.), and the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (S.K., S.C.H.); Heart Center Leipzig at Leipzig University, Leipzig (H.T.), and University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz (P.L.) - both in Germany; Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ (R.K., K.K.); and the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (D.S.L., D.F.).

Sorin Pislaru (S)

From Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (R.T.H., M.B.L., S.K.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.M., M.M.), and Stanford University, Stanford (R.P.S., C.H.) - both in California; Piedmont Heart Institute, Marcus Heart Valve Center, Atlanta (V.H.T., P.Y.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (C.J.D., A.N.); Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit (B.O., J.L.); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (F.Z., S.C.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.E., S.P.); Baylor Scott and White Heart Hospital Plano (R.S., M.S., P.A.G., M.J.M.) and Baylor Scott and White Research Institute Cardiac Imaging Core Laboratory (P.A.G., A.S.) - both in Plano, TX; Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT (B.W., N.K.S.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (S.G., T.S.-D.), and the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (S.K., S.C.H.); Heart Center Leipzig at Leipzig University, Leipzig (H.T.), and University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz (P.L.) - both in Germany; Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ (R.K., K.K.); and the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (D.S.L., D.F.).

Robert Smith (R)

From Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (R.T.H., M.B.L., S.K.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.M., M.M.), and Stanford University, Stanford (R.P.S., C.H.) - both in California; Piedmont Heart Institute, Marcus Heart Valve Center, Atlanta (V.H.T., P.Y.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (C.J.D., A.N.); Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit (B.O., J.L.); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (F.Z., S.C.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.E., S.P.); Baylor Scott and White Heart Hospital Plano (R.S., M.S., P.A.G., M.J.M.) and Baylor Scott and White Research Institute Cardiac Imaging Core Laboratory (P.A.G., A.S.) - both in Plano, TX; Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT (B.W., N.K.S.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (S.G., T.S.-D.), and the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (S.K., S.C.H.); Heart Center Leipzig at Leipzig University, Leipzig (H.T.), and University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz (P.L.) - both in Germany; Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ (R.K., K.K.); and the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (D.S.L., D.F.).

Molly Szerlip (M)

From Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (R.T.H., M.B.L., S.K.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.M., M.M.), and Stanford University, Stanford (R.P.S., C.H.) - both in California; Piedmont Heart Institute, Marcus Heart Valve Center, Atlanta (V.H.T., P.Y.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (C.J.D., A.N.); Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit (B.O., J.L.); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (F.Z., S.C.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.E., S.P.); Baylor Scott and White Heart Hospital Plano (R.S., M.S., P.A.G., M.J.M.) and Baylor Scott and White Research Institute Cardiac Imaging Core Laboratory (P.A.G., A.S.) - both in Plano, TX; Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT (B.W., N.K.S.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (S.G., T.S.-D.), and the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (S.K., S.C.H.); Heart Center Leipzig at Leipzig University, Leipzig (H.T.), and University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz (P.L.) - both in Germany; Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ (R.K., K.K.); and the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (D.S.L., D.F.).

Brian Whisenant (B)

From Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (R.T.H., M.B.L., S.K.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.M., M.M.), and Stanford University, Stanford (R.P.S., C.H.) - both in California; Piedmont Heart Institute, Marcus Heart Valve Center, Atlanta (V.H.T., P.Y.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (C.J.D., A.N.); Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit (B.O., J.L.); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (F.Z., S.C.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.E., S.P.); Baylor Scott and White Heart Hospital Plano (R.S., M.S., P.A.G., M.J.M.) and Baylor Scott and White Research Institute Cardiac Imaging Core Laboratory (P.A.G., A.S.) - both in Plano, TX; Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT (B.W., N.K.S.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (S.G., T.S.-D.), and the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (S.K., S.C.H.); Heart Center Leipzig at Leipzig University, Leipzig (H.T.), and University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz (P.L.) - both in Germany; Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ (R.K., K.K.); and the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (D.S.L., D.F.).

Nishant K Sekaran (NK)

From Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (R.T.H., M.B.L., S.K.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.M., M.M.), and Stanford University, Stanford (R.P.S., C.H.) - both in California; Piedmont Heart Institute, Marcus Heart Valve Center, Atlanta (V.H.T., P.Y.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (C.J.D., A.N.); Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit (B.O., J.L.); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (F.Z., S.C.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.E., S.P.); Baylor Scott and White Heart Hospital Plano (R.S., M.S., P.A.G., M.J.M.) and Baylor Scott and White Research Institute Cardiac Imaging Core Laboratory (P.A.G., A.S.) - both in Plano, TX; Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT (B.W., N.K.S.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (S.G., T.S.-D.), and the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (S.K., S.C.H.); Heart Center Leipzig at Leipzig University, Leipzig (H.T.), and University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz (P.L.) - both in Germany; Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ (R.K., K.K.); and the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (D.S.L., D.F.).

Santiago Garcia (S)

From Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (R.T.H., M.B.L., S.K.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.M., M.M.), and Stanford University, Stanford (R.P.S., C.H.) - both in California; Piedmont Heart Institute, Marcus Heart Valve Center, Atlanta (V.H.T., P.Y.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (C.J.D., A.N.); Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit (B.O., J.L.); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (F.Z., S.C.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.E., S.P.); Baylor Scott and White Heart Hospital Plano (R.S., M.S., P.A.G., M.J.M.) and Baylor Scott and White Research Institute Cardiac Imaging Core Laboratory (P.A.G., A.S.) - both in Plano, TX; Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT (B.W., N.K.S.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (S.G., T.S.-D.), and the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (S.K., S.C.H.); Heart Center Leipzig at Leipzig University, Leipzig (H.T.), and University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz (P.L.) - both in Germany; Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ (R.K., K.K.); and the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (D.S.L., D.F.).

Terri Stewart-Dehner (T)

From Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (R.T.H., M.B.L., S.K.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.M., M.M.), and Stanford University, Stanford (R.P.S., C.H.) - both in California; Piedmont Heart Institute, Marcus Heart Valve Center, Atlanta (V.H.T., P.Y.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (C.J.D., A.N.); Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit (B.O., J.L.); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (F.Z., S.C.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.E., S.P.); Baylor Scott and White Heart Hospital Plano (R.S., M.S., P.A.G., M.J.M.) and Baylor Scott and White Research Institute Cardiac Imaging Core Laboratory (P.A.G., A.S.) - both in Plano, TX; Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT (B.W., N.K.S.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (S.G., T.S.-D.), and the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (S.K., S.C.H.); Heart Center Leipzig at Leipzig University, Leipzig (H.T.), and University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz (P.L.) - both in Germany; Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ (R.K., K.K.); and the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (D.S.L., D.F.).

Holger Thiele (H)

From Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (R.T.H., M.B.L., S.K.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.M., M.M.), and Stanford University, Stanford (R.P.S., C.H.) - both in California; Piedmont Heart Institute, Marcus Heart Valve Center, Atlanta (V.H.T., P.Y.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (C.J.D., A.N.); Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit (B.O., J.L.); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (F.Z., S.C.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.E., S.P.); Baylor Scott and White Heart Hospital Plano (R.S., M.S., P.A.G., M.J.M.) and Baylor Scott and White Research Institute Cardiac Imaging Core Laboratory (P.A.G., A.S.) - both in Plano, TX; Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT (B.W., N.K.S.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (S.G., T.S.-D.), and the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (S.K., S.C.H.); Heart Center Leipzig at Leipzig University, Leipzig (H.T.), and University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz (P.L.) - both in Germany; Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ (R.K., K.K.); and the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (D.S.L., D.F.).

Robert Kipperman (R)

From Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (R.T.H., M.B.L., S.K.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.M., M.M.), and Stanford University, Stanford (R.P.S., C.H.) - both in California; Piedmont Heart Institute, Marcus Heart Valve Center, Atlanta (V.H.T., P.Y.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (C.J.D., A.N.); Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit (B.O., J.L.); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (F.Z., S.C.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.E., S.P.); Baylor Scott and White Heart Hospital Plano (R.S., M.S., P.A.G., M.J.M.) and Baylor Scott and White Research Institute Cardiac Imaging Core Laboratory (P.A.G., A.S.) - both in Plano, TX; Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT (B.W., N.K.S.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (S.G., T.S.-D.), and the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (S.K., S.C.H.); Heart Center Leipzig at Leipzig University, Leipzig (H.T.), and University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz (P.L.) - both in Germany; Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ (R.K., K.K.); and the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (D.S.L., D.F.).

Konstantinos Koulogiannis (K)

From Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (R.T.H., M.B.L., S.K.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.M., M.M.), and Stanford University, Stanford (R.P.S., C.H.) - both in California; Piedmont Heart Institute, Marcus Heart Valve Center, Atlanta (V.H.T., P.Y.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (C.J.D., A.N.); Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit (B.O., J.L.); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (F.Z., S.C.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.E., S.P.); Baylor Scott and White Heart Hospital Plano (R.S., M.S., P.A.G., M.J.M.) and Baylor Scott and White Research Institute Cardiac Imaging Core Laboratory (P.A.G., A.S.) - both in Plano, TX; Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT (B.W., N.K.S.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (S.G., T.S.-D.), and the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (S.K., S.C.H.); Heart Center Leipzig at Leipzig University, Leipzig (H.T.), and University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz (P.L.) - both in Germany; Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ (R.K., K.K.); and the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (D.S.L., D.F.).

D Scott Lim (DS)

From Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (R.T.H., M.B.L., S.K.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.M., M.M.), and Stanford University, Stanford (R.P.S., C.H.) - both in California; Piedmont Heart Institute, Marcus Heart Valve Center, Atlanta (V.H.T., P.Y.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (C.J.D., A.N.); Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit (B.O., J.L.); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (F.Z., S.C.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.E., S.P.); Baylor Scott and White Heart Hospital Plano (R.S., M.S., P.A.G., M.J.M.) and Baylor Scott and White Research Institute Cardiac Imaging Core Laboratory (P.A.G., A.S.) - both in Plano, TX; Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT (B.W., N.K.S.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (S.G., T.S.-D.), and the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (S.K., S.C.H.); Heart Center Leipzig at Leipzig University, Leipzig (H.T.), and University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz (P.L.) - both in Germany; Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ (R.K., K.K.); and the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (D.S.L., D.F.).

Dale Fowler (D)

From Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (R.T.H., M.B.L., S.K.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.M., M.M.), and Stanford University, Stanford (R.P.S., C.H.) - both in California; Piedmont Heart Institute, Marcus Heart Valve Center, Atlanta (V.H.T., P.Y.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (C.J.D., A.N.); Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit (B.O., J.L.); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (F.Z., S.C.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.E., S.P.); Baylor Scott and White Heart Hospital Plano (R.S., M.S., P.A.G., M.J.M.) and Baylor Scott and White Research Institute Cardiac Imaging Core Laboratory (P.A.G., A.S.) - both in Plano, TX; Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT (B.W., N.K.S.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (S.G., T.S.-D.), and the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (S.K., S.C.H.); Heart Center Leipzig at Leipzig University, Leipzig (H.T.), and University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz (P.L.) - both in Germany; Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ (R.K., K.K.); and the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (D.S.L., D.F.).

Samir Kapadia (S)

From Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (R.T.H., M.B.L., S.K.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.M., M.M.), and Stanford University, Stanford (R.P.S., C.H.) - both in California; Piedmont Heart Institute, Marcus Heart Valve Center, Atlanta (V.H.T., P.Y.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (C.J.D., A.N.); Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit (B.O., J.L.); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (F.Z., S.C.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.E., S.P.); Baylor Scott and White Heart Hospital Plano (R.S., M.S., P.A.G., M.J.M.) and Baylor Scott and White Research Institute Cardiac Imaging Core Laboratory (P.A.G., A.S.) - both in Plano, TX; Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT (B.W., N.K.S.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (S.G., T.S.-D.), and the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (S.K., S.C.H.); Heart Center Leipzig at Leipzig University, Leipzig (H.T.), and University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz (P.L.) - both in Germany; Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ (R.K., K.K.); and the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (D.S.L., D.F.).

Serge C Harb (SC)

From Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (R.T.H., M.B.L., S.K.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.M., M.M.), and Stanford University, Stanford (R.P.S., C.H.) - both in California; Piedmont Heart Institute, Marcus Heart Valve Center, Atlanta (V.H.T., P.Y.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (C.J.D., A.N.); Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit (B.O., J.L.); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (F.Z., S.C.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.E., S.P.); Baylor Scott and White Heart Hospital Plano (R.S., M.S., P.A.G., M.J.M.) and Baylor Scott and White Research Institute Cardiac Imaging Core Laboratory (P.A.G., A.S.) - both in Plano, TX; Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT (B.W., N.K.S.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (S.G., T.S.-D.), and the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (S.K., S.C.H.); Heart Center Leipzig at Leipzig University, Leipzig (H.T.), and University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz (P.L.) - both in Germany; Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ (R.K., K.K.); and the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (D.S.L., D.F.).

Paul A Grayburn (PA)

From Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (R.T.H., M.B.L., S.K.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.M., M.M.), and Stanford University, Stanford (R.P.S., C.H.) - both in California; Piedmont Heart Institute, Marcus Heart Valve Center, Atlanta (V.H.T., P.Y.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (C.J.D., A.N.); Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit (B.O., J.L.); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (F.Z., S.C.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.E., S.P.); Baylor Scott and White Heart Hospital Plano (R.S., M.S., P.A.G., M.J.M.) and Baylor Scott and White Research Institute Cardiac Imaging Core Laboratory (P.A.G., A.S.) - both in Plano, TX; Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT (B.W., N.K.S.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (S.G., T.S.-D.), and the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (S.K., S.C.H.); Heart Center Leipzig at Leipzig University, Leipzig (H.T.), and University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz (P.L.) - both in Germany; Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ (R.K., K.K.); and the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (D.S.L., D.F.).

Anna Sannino (A)

From Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (R.T.H., M.B.L., S.K.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.M., M.M.), and Stanford University, Stanford (R.P.S., C.H.) - both in California; Piedmont Heart Institute, Marcus Heart Valve Center, Atlanta (V.H.T., P.Y.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (C.J.D., A.N.); Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit (B.O., J.L.); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (F.Z., S.C.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.E., S.P.); Baylor Scott and White Heart Hospital Plano (R.S., M.S., P.A.G., M.J.M.) and Baylor Scott and White Research Institute Cardiac Imaging Core Laboratory (P.A.G., A.S.) - both in Plano, TX; Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT (B.W., N.K.S.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (S.G., T.S.-D.), and the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (S.K., S.C.H.); Heart Center Leipzig at Leipzig University, Leipzig (H.T.), and University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz (P.L.) - both in Germany; Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ (R.K., K.K.); and the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (D.S.L., D.F.).

Michael J Mack (MJ)

From Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (R.T.H., M.B.L., S.K.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.M., M.M.), and Stanford University, Stanford (R.P.S., C.H.) - both in California; Piedmont Heart Institute, Marcus Heart Valve Center, Atlanta (V.H.T., P.Y.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (C.J.D., A.N.); Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit (B.O., J.L.); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (F.Z., S.C.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.E., S.P.); Baylor Scott and White Heart Hospital Plano (R.S., M.S., P.A.G., M.J.M.) and Baylor Scott and White Research Institute Cardiac Imaging Core Laboratory (P.A.G., A.S.) - both in Plano, TX; Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT (B.W., N.K.S.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (S.G., T.S.-D.), and the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (S.K., S.C.H.); Heart Center Leipzig at Leipzig University, Leipzig (H.T.), and University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz (P.L.) - both in Germany; Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ (R.K., K.K.); and the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (D.S.L., D.F.).

Martin B Leon (MB)

From Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (R.T.H., M.B.L., S.K.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.M., M.M.), and Stanford University, Stanford (R.P.S., C.H.) - both in California; Piedmont Heart Institute, Marcus Heart Valve Center, Atlanta (V.H.T., P.Y.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (C.J.D., A.N.); Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit (B.O., J.L.); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (F.Z., S.C.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.E., S.P.); Baylor Scott and White Heart Hospital Plano (R.S., M.S., P.A.G., M.J.M.) and Baylor Scott and White Research Institute Cardiac Imaging Core Laboratory (P.A.G., A.S.) - both in Plano, TX; Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT (B.W., N.K.S.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (S.G., T.S.-D.), and the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (S.K., S.C.H.); Heart Center Leipzig at Leipzig University, Leipzig (H.T.), and University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz (P.L.) - both in Germany; Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ (R.K., K.K.); and the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (D.S.L., D.F.).

Philipp Lurz (P)

From Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (R.T.H., M.B.L., S.K.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.M., M.M.), and Stanford University, Stanford (R.P.S., C.H.) - both in California; Piedmont Heart Institute, Marcus Heart Valve Center, Atlanta (V.H.T., P.Y.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (C.J.D., A.N.); Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit (B.O., J.L.); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (F.Z., S.C.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.E., S.P.); Baylor Scott and White Heart Hospital Plano (R.S., M.S., P.A.G., M.J.M.) and Baylor Scott and White Research Institute Cardiac Imaging Core Laboratory (P.A.G., A.S.) - both in Plano, TX; Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT (B.W., N.K.S.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (S.G., T.S.-D.), and the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (S.K., S.C.H.); Heart Center Leipzig at Leipzig University, Leipzig (H.T.), and University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz (P.L.) - both in Germany; Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ (R.K., K.K.); and the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (D.S.L., D.F.).

Susheel K Kodali (SK)

From Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (R.T.H., M.B.L., S.K.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.M., M.M.), and Stanford University, Stanford (R.P.S., C.H.) - both in California; Piedmont Heart Institute, Marcus Heart Valve Center, Atlanta (V.H.T., P.Y.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (C.J.D., A.N.); Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit (B.O., J.L.); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (F.Z., S.C.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.E., S.P.); Baylor Scott and White Heart Hospital Plano (R.S., M.S., P.A.G., M.J.M.) and Baylor Scott and White Research Institute Cardiac Imaging Core Laboratory (P.A.G., A.S.) - both in Plano, TX; Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT (B.W., N.K.S.); Christ Hospital, Cincinnati (S.G., T.S.-D.), and the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (S.K., S.C.H.); Heart Center Leipzig at Leipzig University, Leipzig (H.T.), and University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz (P.L.) - both in Germany; Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ (R.K., K.K.); and the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (D.S.L., D.F.).

Classifications MeSH