A human tissue-based model of renal inflammation.

Inflammation plays a key role in both the onset and progression of various kidney diseases. However, the specific molecular and cellular mechanisms by which inflammation drives kidney diseases from different etiologies remain to be elucidated. To enhance our understanding of these mechanisms, a reliable and translational human model of renal inflammation is needed. Here, we aim to establish such a model using human precision-cut kidney slices (PCKS). The PCKS were prepared from fresh, macroscopically healthy kidney tissue and cultured for 3h-48h with or without Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNFα), or its inhibitor Etanercept. The ensuing inflammatory response in the slices was evaluated using both qPCR and a cytokine array. Furthermore, the presence of immune cells was visualized using immunofluorescent staining, and the activation potential of tissue-resident macrophages was examined with ELISA. We observed a culture-induced inflammatory response, reflected by increased expression of pro-inflammatory genes TNF, IL1B, CCL2, and IL6. This response could be partially inhibited by Etanercept, indicating that TNFα plays a role in the observed response. Moreover, we found that TNFα stimulation further increased the gene expression of TNF, IL1B, CCL2, and IL6, as well as the production of several chemokines and cytokines, including CXCL5, MCP1, MCP3, and IL-6. Lastly, we observed the presence of HLA-DR-positive cells, as well as proliferating (CD68- and PCNA-positive) and activated macrophages in the slices during incubation. In conclusion, this study presents a novel human model for investigating renal inflammation.

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Declaration of Competing Interest ☒ The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Rikke Norregaard and Lene N. Nejsum reports financial support was provided by Novo Nordisk Foundation ODIN program. Rikke Norregaard reports financial support was provided by Augustinus Foundation. Rikke Norregaard reports financial support was provided by Independent Research Fund Denmark. Rikke Norregaard reports financial support was provided by Novo Nordisk Foundation. Henricus AM Mutsaers reports financial support was provided by Dutch Society for the Replacement of Animal Testing. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.