The rise and transformation of Bronze Age pastoralists in the Caucasus.
Journal
Nature
ISSN: 1476-4687
Titre abrégé: Nature
Pays: England
ID NLM: 0410462
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
30 Oct 2024
30 Oct 2024
Historique:
received:
28
03
2024
accepted:
25
09
2024
medline:
31
10
2024
pubmed:
31
10
2024
entrez:
31
10
2024
Statut:
aheadofprint
Résumé
The Caucasus and surrounding areas, with their rich metal resources, became a crucible of the Bronze Age
Identifiants
pubmed: 39478221
doi: 10.1038/s41586-024-08113-5
pii: 10.1038/s41586-024-08113-5
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Informations de copyright
© 2024. The Author(s).
Références
Giemsch, L. & Hansen, S. (eds) The Caucasus: Bridge Between the Urban Centres in Mesopotamia and the Pontic Steppes in the 4
Scott, A. et al. Emergence and intensification of dairying in the Caucasus and Eurasian steppes. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 6, 813–822 (2022).
pubmed: 35393601
pmcid: 9177415
doi: 10.1038/s41559-022-01701-6
Allentoft, M. E. et al. Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia. Nature 522, 167–172 (2015).
pubmed: 26062507
doi: 10.1038/nature14507
Haak, W. et al. Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe. Nature 522, 207–211 (2015).
pubmed: 25731166
pmcid: 5048219
doi: 10.1038/nature14317
Wang, C.-C. et al. Ancient human genome-wide data from a 3000-year interval in the Caucasus corresponds with eco-geographic regions. Nat. Commun. 10, 590 (2019).
pubmed: 30713341
pmcid: 6360191
doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-08220-8
Posth, C. et al. Palaeogenomics of Upper Palaeolithic to Neolithic European hunter-gatherers. Nature 615, 117–126 (2023).
pubmed: 36859578
pmcid: 9977688
doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-05726-0
Jones, E. R. et al. Upper Palaeolithic genomes reveal deep roots of modern Eurasians. Nat. Commun. 6, 8912 (2015).
pubmed: 26567969
doi: 10.1038/ncomms9912
Hansen, S. in Western Anatolia before Troy: Proto-urbanisation in the 4
Dinerstein, E. et al. An ecoregion-based approach to protecting half the terrestrial realm. Bioscience 67, 534–545 (2017).
pubmed: 28608869
pmcid: 5451287
doi: 10.1093/biosci/bix014
Kohl, P. L. The Making of Bronze Age Eurasia (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2007).
Narasimhan, V. M. et al. The formation of human populations in South and Central Asia. Science 365, eaat7487 (2019).
Balanovsky, O. et al. Parallel evolution of genes and languages in the Caucasus region. Mol. Biol. Evol. 28, 2905–2920 (2011).
pubmed: 21571925
doi: 10.1093/molbev/msr126
Yunusbayev, B. et al. The Caucasus as an asymmetric semipermeable barrier to ancient human migrations. Mol. Biol. Evol. 29, 359–365 (2012).
pubmed: 21917723
doi: 10.1093/molbev/msr221
Yaka, R. et al. Variable kinship patterns in Neolithic Anatolia revealed by ancient genomes. Curr. Biol. 31, 2455–2468 (2021).
pubmed: 33857427
pmcid: 8210650
doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.03.050
Lazaridis, I. et al. Ancient DNA from Mesopotamia suggests distinct Pre-Pottery and Pottery Neolithic migrations into Anatolia. Science 377, 982–987 (2022).
pubmed: 36007054
pmcid: 9983685
doi: 10.1126/science.abq0762
Skourtanioti, E. et al. Genomic history of Neolithic to Bronze Age Anatolia, Northern Levant, and Southern Caucasus. Cell 181, 1158–1175 (2020).
pubmed: 32470401
doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.044
Anthony, D. W. et al. The Eneolithic cemetery at Khvalynsk on the Volga River. Praehist. Zeitschr. 97, 22–67 (2022).
doi: 10.1515/pz-2022-2034
Mathieson, I. et al. Genome-wide patterns of selection in 230 ancient Eurasians. Nature 528, 499–503 (2015).
pubmed: 26595274
pmcid: 4918750
doi: 10.1038/nature16152
Chintalapati, M., Patterson, N. & Moorjani, P. The spatiotemporal patterns of major human admixture events during the European Holocene. Elife 11, e77625 (2022).
pubmed: 35635751
pmcid: 9293011
doi: 10.7554/eLife.77625
Lazaridis, I. et al. The genetic history of the Southern Arc: a bridge between West Asia and Europe. Science 377, eabm4247 (2022).
pubmed: 36007055
pmcid: 10064553
doi: 10.1126/science.abm4247
Penske, S. et al. Early contact between late farming and pastoralist societies in southeastern Europe. Nature 620, 358–365 (2023).
pubmed: 37468624
pmcid: 10412445
doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-06334-8
Mimokhod, R. A., Gak, E. I., Khomutova, T. E., Ryabogina, N. E. & Borisov, A. E. Paleoekologiya – kul’tura – metalloproizvodstvo: printsipy i mekhanizmy epokhi v kul'turnom nasledii Vostochnoy Yevropy v sredniye veka - pervyye pozdney bronzy. Ross. Arkheol. 24–38 (2022).
Reinhold, S., Belinskiy, A. B. & Atabiev, B. C. in Der Kaukasus zwischen Osteuropa und Vorderem Orient in der Bronze- und Eisenzeit (eds Kašuba, M. T. et al.) 405–456 (Dietrich Reimer, 2020).
Lazaridis, I. et al. Genomic insights into the origin of farming in the ancient Near East. Nature 536, 419–424 (2016).
pubmed: 27459054
pmcid: 5003663
doi: 10.1038/nature19310
Shishlina, N. Reconstruction of the Bronze Age of the Caspian Steppes: Life Styles and Life Ways of Pastoral Nomads Vol. 1876 (Archaeopress, 2008).
Andreeva, M. V. Vostochnomanychskaya Kata-Kombnaya Kul’tura: Analiz Materialov Pogrebal'nykh Pamyatnikov (TAUS, 2014).
Ringbauer, H. et al. Accurate detection of identity-by-descent segments in human ancient DNA. Nat. Genet. 56, 143–151 (2023).
pubmed: 38123640
pmcid: 10786714
doi: 10.1038/s41588-023-01582-w
Ringbauer, H., Novembre, J. & Steinrücken, M. Parental relatedness through time revealed by runs of homozygosity in ancient DNA. Nat. Commun. 12, 5425 (2021).
pubmed: 34521843
pmcid: 8440622
doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-25289-w
Golovanova, L. V. et al. The Epipaleolithic of the Caucasus after the Last Glacial Maximum. Quat. Int. 337, 189–224 (2014).
doi: 10.1016/j.quaint.2012.04.034
Manko, V. O. & Chkhatarashvili, G. L. in Aere Perennius. More Lasting than Bronze. Essays in Honour of Valentin Dergachev on the Occasion of his 80th Birthday (ed. Dergacheva, L. V.) 101–118 (Stratum Library, 2023).
Helwing, B. et al. The Kura Projects: New Research on the Later Prehistory of the Southern Caucasus Vol. 16 (Dietrich Reimer, 2017).
Baudouin, E. L’architecture de Mésopotamie et Du Caucase de La Fin Du 7e á La Fin Du 5e Millénaire Vol. 2 (Brepols, 2021).
Guarino-Vignon, P. et al. Genome-wide analysis of a collective grave from Mentesh Tepe provides insight into the population structure of early neolithic population in the South Caucasus. Commun. Biol. 6, 309 (2023).
doi: 10.1038/s42003-023-04681-w
Korenevskiy, S. N. Rozhdenie Kurgana: (pogrebalnye Pamyatniki Eneoliticheskogo Vremeni Predkavkazya I Volgo-Donskogo Mezhdurechia) (TAUS, 2012).
Gorelik, A., Tsybryi, A. V. & Tsybryi, V. V. ‘Neolithisation’ in the NE Sea of Azov region: one step forward, two steps back? Doc. Praehist. 43, 139–160 (2016).
doi: 10.4312/dp.43.6
Hollund, H. I., Higham, T., Belinskij, A. & Korenevskij, S. Investigation of palaeodiet in the North Caucasus (South Russia) Bronze Age using stable isotope analysis and AMS dating of human and animal bones. J. Archaeol. Sci. 37, 2971–2983 (2010).
doi: 10.1016/j.jas.2010.08.009
Shishlina, N., Zazovskaya, E., van der Plicht, J. & Sevastyanov, V. Isotopes, plants, and reservoir effects: case study from the Caspian steppe Bronze Age. Radiocarbon 54, 749–760 (2012).
doi: 10.1017/S0033822200047408
Reinhold, S. Der Kaukasus und die Eurasische Steppe – Konjunkturen einer kulturellen Kontaktzone während der Bronze- und frühen Eisenzeit. in You Only See What You Know. You Only Know What You See. Global Historic Perspectives on Intercultural Phenomena of Mobility. Festschrift Für Hermann Parzinger zum 65. Geburtstag (eds Schneeweiss, J. et al.) 437–460 (Marie Leidorf, 2024).
Hermes, T. R. et al. Early integration of pastoralism and millet cultivation in Bronze Age Eurasia. Proc. Biol. Sci. 286, 20191273 (2019).
pubmed: 31480978
Honeychurch, W. et al. The earliest herders of East Asia: examining Afanasievo entry to Central Mongolia. Archaeol. Res. Asia 26, 100264 (2021).
doi: 10.1016/j.ara.2021.100264
Korenevskiy, S. N. & Berezin, Y. B. Eneolithic Kurgan Burials from the Cemetery of Konstantinovsky-6. Strat. Plus 2/17, 385–396 (2017).
Knipper, C. et al. Diet and subsistence in Bronze Age pastoral communities from the southern Russian steppes and the North Caucasus. PLoS ONE 15, e0239861 (2020).
pubmed: 33052915
pmcid: 7556513
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239861
Reinhold, S. et al. in Appropriating Innovations (eds Stockhammer, P. W. & Maran, J.) 78–97 (Oxbow, 2017).
Librado, P. et al. The origins and spread of domestic horses from the Western Eurasian steppes. Nature 598, 634–640 (2021).
pubmed: 34671162
pmcid: 8550961
doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-04018-9
de Barros Damgaard, P. et al. The first horse herders and the impact of early Bronze Age steppe expansions into Asia. Science 360, eaar7711 (2018).
pubmed: 29743352
pmcid: 6748862
doi: 10.1126/science.aar7711
Burmeister, S. in Appropriating Innovations (eds Stockhammer, P. W. & Maran, J.) 69–77 (Oxbow, 2017).
Shishlina, N., Ankusheva, P., Orfinskaya, O. & Kiseleva, D. in The Indo-European Puzzle Revisited. Integrating Archaeology, Genetics, and Linguistics (eds Kristian, K., Kroonen, G. & Willerslev, E.) 275–281 (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2023).
Hansen, S. in The Caucasus (eds Giemsch, L. & Hansen, S.) 31–86 (Schnell & Steiner, 2021).
Jeong, C. et al. Bronze Age population dynamics and the rise of dairy pastoralism on the eastern Eurasian steppe. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 115, E11248–E11255 (2018).
pubmed: 30397125
pmcid: 6275519
doi: 10.1073/pnas.1813608115
Wilkin, S. et al. Dairying enabled Early Bronze Age Yamnaya steppe expansions. Nature 598, 629–633 (2021).
pubmed: 34526723
pmcid: 8550948
doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03798-4
Kaiser, E. Das dritte Jahrtausend im osteuropäischen Steppenraum: Kulturhistorische Studien zu prähistorischer Subsistenzwirtschaft und Interaktion mit benachbarten Räumen (Freie Universität Berlin, 2019).
Batiuk, S. D. The fruits of migration: understanding the ‘longue durée’ and the socio-economic relations of the Early Transcaucasian Culture. J. Anthropol. Archaeol. 32, 449–477 (2013).
doi: 10.1016/j.jaa.2013.08.002
Perşoiu, A., Ionita, M. & Weiss, H. Atmospheric blocking induced by the strengthened Siberian High led to drying in west Asia during the 4.2 ka BP event – a hypothesis. Clim. Past 15, 781–793 (2019).
doi: 10.5194/cp-15-781-2019
Reinhold, S. et al. At the onset of settled pastoralism - implications of archaeozoological and isotope analyses from Bronze Age sites in the North Caucasus. Quat. Int. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2023.05.008 (2023).
Reinhold, S., Korobov, D. S. & Belinskiy, A. B. Landschaftsarchäologie im Nordkaukasus: Studien zu einer neu entdeckten bronzezeitlichen Kulturlandschaft im Hochgebirge des Nordkaukasus Vol. 38 (Habelt, 2017).
Dabney, J. et al. Complete mitochondrial genome sequence of a Middle Pleistocene cave bear reconstructed from ultrashort DNA fragments. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 110, 15758–15763 (2013).
pubmed: 24019490
pmcid: 3785785
doi: 10.1073/pnas.1314445110
Meyer, M. & Kircher, M. Illumina sequencing library preparation for highly multiplexed target capture and sequencing. Cold Spring Harb. Protoc. 2010, db.prot5448 (2010).
doi: 10.1101/pdb.prot5448
Rohland, N., Harney, E., Mallick, S., Nordenfelt, S. & Reich, D. Partial uracil-DNA-glycosylase treatment for screening of ancient DNA. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B 370, 20130624 (2015).
doi: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0624
Kircher, M., Sawyer, S. & Meyer, M. Double indexing overcomes inaccuracies in multiplex sequencing on the Illumina platform. Nucleic Acids Res. 40, e3 (2012).
pubmed: 22021376
doi: 10.1093/nar/gkr771
Gansauge, M.-T. & Meyer, M. Single-stranded DNA library preparation for the sequencing of ancient or damaged DNA. Nat. Protoc. 8, 737–748 (2013).
pubmed: 23493070
doi: 10.1038/nprot.2013.038
Gansauge, M.-T., Aximu-Petri, A., Nagel, S. & Meyer, M. Manual and automated preparation of single-stranded DNA libraries for the sequencing of DNA from ancient biological remains and other sources of highly degraded DNA. Nat. Protoc. 15, 2279–2300 (2020).
pubmed: 32612278
doi: 10.1038/s41596-020-0338-0
Kapp, J. D., Green, R. E. & Shapiro, B. A fast and efficient single-stranded genomic library preparation method optimized for ancient DNA. J. Hered. 112, 241–249 (2021).
pubmed: 33768239
pmcid: 8141684
doi: 10.1093/jhered/esab012
Peltzer, A. et al. EAGER: efficient ancient genome reconstruction. Genome Biol. 17, 60 (2016).
pubmed: 27036623
pmcid: 4815194
doi: 10.1186/s13059-016-0918-z
Maricic, T., Whitten, M. & Pääbo, S. Multiplexed DNA sequence capture of mitochondrial genomes using PCR products. PLoS ONE 5, e14004 (2010).
pubmed: 21103372
pmcid: 2982832
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014004
Rohrlach, A. B. et al. Using Y-chromosome capture enrichment to resolve haplogroup H2 shows new evidence for a two-path Neolithic expansion to Western Europe. Sci. Rep. 11, 15005 (2021).
pubmed: 34294811
pmcid: 8298398
doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-94491-z
Jun, G., Wing, M. K., Abecasis, G. R. & Kang, H. M. An efficient and scalable analysis framework for variant extraction and refinement from population-scale DNA sequence data. Genome Res. 25, 918–925 (2015).
pubmed: 25883319
pmcid: 4448687
doi: 10.1101/gr.176552.114
Korneliussen, T. S., Albrechtsen, A. & Nielsen, R. ANGSD: Analysis of Next Generation Sequencing Data. BMC Bioinform. 15, 356 (2014).
doi: 10.1186/s12859-014-0356-4
Renaud, G., Slon, V., Duggan, A. T. & Kelso, J. Schmutzi: estimation of contamination and endogenous mitochondrial consensus calling for ancient DNA. Genome Biol. 16, 224 (2015).
pubmed: 26458810
pmcid: 4601135
doi: 10.1186/s13059-015-0776-0
Fu, Q. et al. A revised timescale for human evolution based on ancient mitochondrial genomes. Curr. Biol. 23, 553–559 (2013).
pubmed: 23523248
pmcid: 5036973
doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2013.02.044
Furtwängler, A. et al. Ratio of mitochondrial to nuclear DNA affects contamination estimates in ancient DNA analysis. Sci. Rep. 8, 1–8 (2018).
doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-32083-0
Weissensteiner, H. et al. HaploGrep 2: mitochondrial haplogroup classification in the era of high-throughput sequencing. Nucleic Acids Res. 44, W58–W63 (2016).
pubmed: 27084951
doi: 10.1093/nar/gkw233
Rohrlach, A. B., Tuke, J., Popli, D. & Haak, W. BREADR: An R package for the Bayesian estimation of genetic relatedness from low-coverage genotype data. Preprint at bioRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.04.17.537144 (2023).
Alaçamlı, E. et al. READv2: advanced and user-friendly detection of biological relatedness in archaeogenomics. Genome Biol. 25, 216 (2024).
Chao, F., Gerland, P., Cook, A. R. & Alkema, L. Systematic assessment of the sex ratio at birth for all countries and estimation of national imbalances and regional reference levels. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 116, 9303–9311 (2019).
pubmed: 30988199
doi: 10.1073/pnas.1812593116
Sedgwick, P. Multiple significance tests: the Bonferroni correction. BMJ 344, e509 (2012).
Champely, S. Pwr: Basic Functions for Power Analysis. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=pwr (2020).
Cohen, J. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (Routledge, 2013).
Lazaridis, I. et al. Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans. Nature 513, 409–413 (2014).
pubmed: 25230663
doi: 10.1038/nature13673
Patterson, N. et al. Ancient admixture in human history. Genetics 192, 1065–1093 (2012).
pubmed: 22960212
doi: 10.1534/genetics.112.145037
Rasmussen, M. et al. Ancient human genome sequence of an extinct Palaeo-Eskimo. Nature 463, 757–762 (2010).
pubmed: 20148029
pmcid: 3951495
doi: 10.1038/nature08835
Rasmussen, M. et al. The genome of a Late Pleistocene human from a Clovis burial site in western Montana. Nature 506, 225–229 (2014).
pubmed: 24522598
pmcid: 4878442
doi: 10.1038/nature13025
Seguin-Orlando, A. et al. Genomic structure in Europeans dating back at least 36,200 years. Science 346, 1113–1118 (2014).
pubmed: 25378462
doi: 10.1126/science.aaa0114
Raghavan, M. et al. Upper Palaeolithic Siberian genome reveals dual ancestry of Native Americans. Nature 505, 87–91 (2014).
pubmed: 24256729
doi: 10.1038/nature12736
Rasmussen, M. et al. The ancestry and affiliations of Kennewick Man. Nature 523, 455–458 (2015).
pubmed: 26087396
pmcid: 4878456
doi: 10.1038/nature14625
Kılınç, G. M. et al. The Demographic development of the first farmers in Anatolia. Curr. Biol. 26, 2659–2666 (2016).
pubmed: 27498567
pmcid: 5069350
doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.07.057
Broushaki, F. et al. Early Neolithic genomes from the eastern Fertile Crescent. Science 353, 499–503 (2016).
pubmed: 27417496
pmcid: 5113750
doi: 10.1126/science.aaf7943
Fu, Q. et al. The genetic history of Ice Age Europe. Nature 534, 200–205 (2016).
pubmed: 27135931
pmcid: 4943878
doi: 10.1038/nature17993
van den Brink, E. C. M. et al. A Late Bronze Age II clay coffin from Tel Shaddud in the Central Jezreel Valley, Israel: context and historical implications. Levantina 49, 105–135 (2017).
doi: 10.1080/00758914.2017.1368204
Mittnik, A. et al. The genetic prehistory of the Baltic Sea region. Nat. Commun. 9, 442 (2018).
pubmed: 29382937
pmcid: 5789860
doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-02825-9
Harney, É. et al. Ancient DNA from Chalcolithic Israel reveals the role of population mixture in cultural transformation. Nat. Commun. 9, 3336 (2018).
pubmed: 30127404
pmcid: 6102297
doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05649-9
Mathieson, I. et al. The genomic history of southeastern Europe. Nature 555, 197–203 (2018).
pubmed: 29466330
pmcid: 6091220
doi: 10.1038/nature25778
Krzewińska, M. et al. Ancient genomes suggest the eastern Pontic-Caspian steppe as the source of western Iron Age nomads. Sci. Adv. 4, eaat4457 (2018).
pubmed: 30417088
pmcid: 6223350
doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aat4457
de Damgaard, P. B. et al. 137 ancient human genomes from across the Eurasian steppes. Nature 557, 369–374 (2018).
pubmed: 29743675
doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0094-2
Feldman, M. et al. Late Pleistocene human genome suggests a local origin for the first farmers of central Anatolia. Nat. Commun. 10, 1218 (2019).
pubmed: 30890703
pmcid: 6425003
doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-09209-7
Sikora, M. et al. The population history of northeastern Siberia since the Pleistocene. Nature 570, 182–188 (2019).
pubmed: 31168093
doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1279-z
Flegontov, P. et al. Palaeo-Eskimo genetic ancestry and the peopling of Chukotka and North America. Nature 570, 236–240 (2019).
pubmed: 31168094
pmcid: 6942545
doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1251-y
Jeong, C. et al. The genetic history of admixture across inner Eurasia. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 3, 966–976 (2019).
pubmed: 31036896
pmcid: 6542712
doi: 10.1038/s41559-019-0878-2
Rivollat, M. et al. Ancient genome-wide DNA from France highlights the complexity of interactions between Mesolithic hunter-gatherers and Neolithic farmers. Sci. Adv. 6, eaaz5344 (2020).
pubmed: 32523989
pmcid: 7259947
doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz5344
Yu, H. et al. Paleolithic to Bronze Age Siberians reveal connections with First Americans and across Eurasia. Cell 181, 1232–1245 (2020).
pubmed: 32437661
doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.037
Agranat-Tamir, L. et al. The genomic history of the Bronze Age Southern Levant. Cell 181, 1146–1157 (2020).
pubmed: 32470400
pmcid: 10212583
doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.024
Jeong, C. et al. A dynamic 6,000-year genetic history of Eurasia’s Eastern Steppe. Cell 183, 890–904 (2020).
pubmed: 33157037
pmcid: 7664836
doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.015
Kılınç, G. M. et al. Human population dynamics and Yersinia pestis in ancient northeast Asia. Sci. Adv. 7, eabc4587 (2021).
pubmed: 33523963
pmcid: 7787494
doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abc4587
Saag, L. et al. Genetic ancestry changes in Stone to Bronze Age transition in the East European plain. Sci. Adv. 7, eabd6535 (2021).
pubmed: 33523926
pmcid: 7817100
doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abd6535
Zhang, F. et al. The genomic origins of the Bronze Age Tarim Basin mummies. Nature 599, 256–261 (2021).
pubmed: 34707286
pmcid: 8580821
doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-04052-7
Altınışık, N. E. et al. A genomic snapshot of demographic and cultural dynamism in Upper Mesopotamia during the Neolithic Transition. Sci. Adv. 8, eabo3609 (2022).
pubmed: 36332018
pmcid: 9635823
doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abo3609
Koptekin, D. et al. Spatial and temporal heterogeneity in human mobility patterns in Holocene Southwest Asia and the East Mediterranean. Curr. Biol. 33, 41–57 (2023).
pubmed: 36493775
pmcid: 9839366
doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.11.034
Wang, X. et al. Isotopic and DNA analyses reveal multiscale PPNB mobility and migration across Southeastern Anatolia and the Southern Levant. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 120, e2210611120 (2023).
pubmed: 36649412
pmcid: 9942848
doi: 10.1073/pnas.2210611120
Mallick, S. et al. The Allen Ancient DNA Resource (AADR): a curated compendium of ancient human genomes. Sci. Data 11:182 (2024).
Schmid, C. et al. Poseidon – a framework for archaeogenetic human genotype data management. eLife https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.98317.1 (2024).
Patterson, N., Price, A. L. & Reich, D. Population structure and eigenanalysis. PLoS Genet. 2, e190 (2006).
pubmed: 17194218
pmcid: 1713260
doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.0020190
Alexander, D. H., Novembre, J. & Lange, K. Fast model-based estimation of ancestry in unrelated individuals. Genome Res. 19, 1655–1664 (2009).
pubmed: 19648217
pmcid: 2752134
doi: 10.1101/gr.094052.109
Petr, M., Vernot, B. & Kelso, J. admixr—R package for reproducible analyses using ADMIXTOOLS. Bioinformatics 35, 3194–3195 (2019).
pubmed: 30668635
doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz030
Harney, É., Patterson, N., Reich, D. & Wakeley, J. Assessing the performance of qpAdm: a statistical tool for studying population admixture. Genetics 217, iyaa045 (2021).
pubmed: 33772284
doi: 10.1093/genetics/iyaa045
Delaneau, O. GLIMPSE: Low Coverage Calling of Genotypes https://github.com/odelaneau/GLIMPSE (2020).
Rubinacci, S., Ribeiro, D. M., Hofmeister, R. J. & Delaneau, O. Efficient phasing and imputation of low-coverage sequencing data using large reference panels. Nat. Genet. 53, 120–126 (2021).
pubmed: 33414550
doi: 10.1038/s41588-020-00756-0
Rohrlach, B. BenRohrlach/CaucasusIIAncientDNAStudy: v1.0.0. Zenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13709775 (2024).