Psychological needs and social comparison: a dual analysis of the life satisfaction of local workers with agricultural hukou.
CFPS
Life satisfaction
Self-determination
Social comparison
Workers with agricultural hukou
Journal
BMC public health
ISSN: 1471-2458
Titre abrégé: BMC Public Health
Pays: England
ID NLM: 100968562
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
30 Oct 2024
30 Oct 2024
Historique:
received:
10
07
2024
accepted:
23
10
2024
medline:
31
10
2024
pubmed:
31
10
2024
entrez:
31
10
2024
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Based on their place of employment, workers with agricultural hukou (WAH) are categorized into local workers with agricultural hukou (LWAH) and migrant workers with agricultural hukou (MWAH). Research shows that although LWAH often find themselves at a disadvantage in terms of labour income and access to public services, the significant growth of this group in recent years has drawn attention to their choice of workplace and the factors influencing it. Guided by the theories of self-determination and social comparison, this study aims to explore the impact of the differences between LWAH and MWAH in psychological needs and social comparisons on life satisfaction, as well as the underlying mechanisms. This study utilizes data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) from 2014 to 2020, employing a two-way fixed effects model to investigate the differences in life satisfaction between 1,976 LWAH and MWAH. Additionally, propensity score matching (PSM) is used to conduct regression analysis on the matched sample, providing a more accurate comparison of life satisfaction between LWAH and MWAH under similar individual characteristics. Finally, the study further examines the mediating effects of perceived social status and job satisfaction and analyses the differences in life satisfaction between LWAH and MWAH across dimensions such as generation, region, and work conditions. The baseline regression results indicate that LWAH have significantly higher life satisfaction compared to MWAH, and this finding is robust to various tests. Mediation analysis reveals that perceived social status plays a mediating role in the difference in life satisfaction between LWAH and MWAH, while job satisfaction does not have a significant mediating effect. Heterogeneity analysis further shows that intergenerational, regional, and work condition differences have varying impacts on the life satisfaction of two groups. This study provides important insights into understanding the workplace choices and quality of life of Chinese workers with agricultural hukou. Finally, to effectively promote situ urbanization processes, local governments need to prioritize enhancing workers with agricultural hukou (WAH)'s autonomy, sense of competence, and social status, thereby improving their perceived social status in society and attracting more labourers to return to their hometowns for work and entrepreneurship.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Based on their place of employment, workers with agricultural hukou (WAH) are categorized into local workers with agricultural hukou (LWAH) and migrant workers with agricultural hukou (MWAH). Research shows that although LWAH often find themselves at a disadvantage in terms of labour income and access to public services, the significant growth of this group in recent years has drawn attention to their choice of workplace and the factors influencing it. Guided by the theories of self-determination and social comparison, this study aims to explore the impact of the differences between LWAH and MWAH in psychological needs and social comparisons on life satisfaction, as well as the underlying mechanisms.
METHODS
METHODS
This study utilizes data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) from 2014 to 2020, employing a two-way fixed effects model to investigate the differences in life satisfaction between 1,976 LWAH and MWAH. Additionally, propensity score matching (PSM) is used to conduct regression analysis on the matched sample, providing a more accurate comparison of life satisfaction between LWAH and MWAH under similar individual characteristics. Finally, the study further examines the mediating effects of perceived social status and job satisfaction and analyses the differences in life satisfaction between LWAH and MWAH across dimensions such as generation, region, and work conditions.
RESULTS
RESULTS
The baseline regression results indicate that LWAH have significantly higher life satisfaction compared to MWAH, and this finding is robust to various tests. Mediation analysis reveals that perceived social status plays a mediating role in the difference in life satisfaction between LWAH and MWAH, while job satisfaction does not have a significant mediating effect. Heterogeneity analysis further shows that intergenerational, regional, and work condition differences have varying impacts on the life satisfaction of two groups.
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
This study provides important insights into understanding the workplace choices and quality of life of Chinese workers with agricultural hukou. Finally, to effectively promote situ urbanization processes, local governments need to prioritize enhancing workers with agricultural hukou (WAH)'s autonomy, sense of competence, and social status, thereby improving their perceived social status in society and attracting more labourers to return to their hometowns for work and entrepreneurship.
Identifiants
pubmed: 39478494
doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-20492-y
pii: 10.1186/s12889-024-20492-y
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
3008Subventions
Organisme : National Social Science Foundation of China
ID : Program No. 20CZZ012
Informations de copyright
© 2024. The Author(s).
Références
Mthiyane DB, Wissink H, Chiwawa N. The impact of rural–urban migration in South Africa: a case of KwaDukuza municipality. J Local Government Res Innov. 2022;3:9.
doi: 10.4102/jolgri.v3i0.56
Srivatsa P. Rural urban migration: disturbing the equilibrium between smart cities and smart villages. FIIB Bus Rev. 2015;4(3):3–10.
doi: 10.1177/2455265820150301
Cohen B. Urban growth in developing countries: a review of current trends and a caution regarding existing forecasts. World Dev. 2004;32(1):23–51.
doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2003.04.008
Brockerhoff M, Brennan E. The poverty of cities in developing regions. Popul Dev Rev, 1998;24(1):75–114.
Randolph GF, Storper M. Is urbanisation in the Global South fundamentally different? Comparative global urban analysis for the 21st century. Urban Stud. 2023;60(1):3–25.
doi: 10.1177/00420980211067926
Zhang S, Luo G. China’s migrant workers: how far from being citizens? Asian Social Sci. 2013;9(1):171.
National Bureau of Statistics of China. 2023 Migrant Worker Monitoring Survey Report. 2024. https://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/zxfb/202404/t20240430_1948783.html (in Chinese).
National Bureau of Statistics of China. 2012 National Migrant Worker Monitoring Survey Report. 2013. https://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/zxfb/202302/t20230203_1898305.html (in Chinese).
Lucas RE, Freedman VA, Cornman JC. The short-term stability of life satisfaction judgments. Emotion. 2018;18(7):1024.
pubmed: 28872337
doi: 10.1037/emo0000357
Deci EL, Ryan RM. The what and why of goal pursuits: human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychol Inq. 2000;11(4):227–68.
doi: 10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01
Reis HT, Sheldon KM, Gable SL, Roscoe J, Ryan MR. Daily well-being: the role of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2000;26(4):419–35.
doi: 10.1177/0146167200266002
Church AT, Katigbak MS, Locke KD, et al. Need satisfaction and well-being: testing self-determination theory in eight cultures. J Cross Cult Psychol. 2013;44(4):507–34.
doi: 10.1177/0022022112466590
Buunk AP, Gibbons FX. Social comparison: the end of a theory and the emergence of a field. Organ Behav Hum Decis Process. 2007;102(1):3–21.
doi: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2006.09.007
Goethals GR, Darley JM. Social comparison theory: self-evaluation and group life. In: Mullen B, Goethals GR, editors. Theories of group behavior. New York (NY): Springer New York; 1987. pp. 21–47.
doi: 10.1007/978-1-4612-4634-3_2
Zhang X, Zhou W. Life satisfaction of rural-to-urban migrants: exploring the influence of socio-demographic and urbanisation features in China. Int J Public Health. 2022;67:1604580.
pubmed: 35814734
doi: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604580
Liu Q, Pan H. Investigation on life satisfaction of rural-to-urban migrant workers in China: a moderated mediation model. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(7):2454.
pubmed: 32260254
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17072454
Chen H, Zhu Z, Chang J, et al. The effects of social integration and hometown identity on the life satisfaction of Chinese rural migrants: the mediating and moderating effects of a sense of belonging in the host city. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2020;18:1–9.
doi: 10.1186/s12955-020-01415-y
Wang WW, Fan CC. Migrant workers’ integration in urban China: experiences in employment, social adaptation, and self-identity. Eurasian Geogr Econ. 2012;53(6):731–49.
doi: 10.2747/1539-7216.53.6.731
Kwok YY, Chui WH, Wong LP. Need satisfaction mechanism linking volunteer motivation and life satisfaction: a mediation study of volunteers’ subjective well-being. Soc Indic Res. 2013;114:1315–29.
doi: 10.1007/s11205-012-0204-8
Tang BW, Tan JJX. Subjective social class and life satisfaction: role of class consistency and identity uncertainty. Asian J Soc Psychol. 2022;25(1):60–74.
doi: 10.1111/ajsp.12488
Ng W, Diener E. What matters to the rich and the poor? Subjective well-being, financial satisfaction, and postmaterialist needs across the world. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2014;107(2):326–38.
pubmed: 25090131
doi: 10.1037/a0036856
Lee JE, Bae SM. Examining the mediating effect of job satisfaction on the relationship between job autonomy and life satisfaction in early adulthood: a five-year data analysis conducted through latent growth modeling. Curr Psychol. 2023;43(10):1–9.
Van den Broeck A, Ferris DL, Chang CH, Rosen CC. A review of self-determination theory’s basic psychological needs at work. J Manag. 2016;42(5):1195–229.
Gomez-Baya D, Lucia‐Casademunt AM. A self‐determination theory approach to health and well‐being in the workplace: results from the sixth European working conditions survey in Spain. J Appl Soc Psychol. 2018;48(5):269–83.
doi: 10.1111/jasp.12511
Kitchel T, Smith AR, Henry AL, et al. Teacher job satisfaction and burnout viewed through social comparisons. J Agric Educ. 2012;53(1):31–44.
doi: 10.5032/jae.2012.01031
Schneider SM, Schupp J. Individual differences in social comparison and its consequences for life satisfaction: introducing a short scale of the Iowa–Netherlands Comparison Orientation measure. Soc Indic Res. 2014;115:767–89.
doi: 10.1007/s11205-012-0227-1
Mackenzie CS, Karaoylas EC, Starzyk KB. Lifespan differences in a self-determination theory model of eudaimonia: a cross-sectional survey of younger, middle-aged, and older adults. J Happiness Stud. 2018;19:2465–87.
doi: 10.1007/s10902-017-9932-4
Butkovic A, Tomas J, Spanic AM, et al. Emerging adults versus middle-aged adults: do they differ in psychological needs, self-esteem and life satisfaction. J Happiness Stud. 2020;21(3):779–98.
doi: 10.1007/s10902-019-00106-w
Callan MJ, Kim H, Matthews WJ. Age differences in social comparison tendency and personal relative deprivation. Pers Individ Differ. 2015;87:196–99.
doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2015.08.003
Zhang F, Xu W, Khurshid A. The interplay of migrant workers’ working hours, income, and well-being in China. Sustainability. 2023;15(14):11409.
doi: 10.3390/su151411409
Dias-Abey M. Determining the impact of migration on labour markets: the mediating role of legal institutions. Industrial Law J. 2021;50(4):532–57.
doi: 10.1093/indlaw/dwab030
De Pedraza P, Guzi M, Tijdens K. Life satisfaction of employees, labour market tightness and matching efficiency. Int J Manpow. 2021;42(3):341–55.
doi: 10.1108/IJM-07-2019-0323
Zheng F, Xiong H, Jin Y, Zhang M. Exploring the relationship between unemployment perception and health during COVID-19: a comparative study of rural and urban adults in China. Front Psychol. 2023;14:1169845.
pubmed: 37388659
doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1169845
Fors Connolly F, Johansson Sevä I. Social status and life satisfaction in context: a comparison between Sweden and the USA. Int J Wellbeing. 2018;8(2):110–34.
doi: 10.5502/ijw.v8i2.710
Baron RM, Kenny DA. The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1986;51(6):1173–82.
pubmed: 3806354
doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
Kim MH, Kim C, Park JK, et al. Is precarious employment damaging to self-rated health? Results of propensity score matching methods, using longitudinal data in South Korea. Soc Sci Med. 2008;67(12):1982–94.
pubmed: 18951671
doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.09.051
Tang M, Wang D, Guerrien A. A systematic review and meta-analysis on basic psychological need satisfaction, motivation, and well‐being in later life: contributions of self‐determination theory. Psy Ch J. 2020;9(1):5–33.
doi: 10.1002/pchj.293
Deng GT. Hopefully a good life: Cosmopolitan Chinese migrant families in urban Italy. Anthropologica. 2023;65(2):1–22.
Pavlova MK, Lechner CM, Silbereisen RK. Social comparison in coping with occupational uncertainty: Self-improvement, self‐enhancement, and the regional context. J Pers. 2018;86(2):320–33.
pubmed: 28380675
doi: 10.1111/jopy.12317
Liu QQ, Zhou ZK, Yang XJ, et al. Upward social comparison on social network sites and depressive symptoms: a moderated mediation model of self-esteem and optimism. Pers Individ Differ. 2017;113:223–28.
doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.03.037
Krueger J. The projective perception of the social world: A building block of social comparison processes. In: Handbook of social comparison: Theory and research. Boston (MA): Springer US. 2000:323 – 51.
González MG, Swanson DP, Lynch M, et al. Testing satisfaction of basic psychological needs as a mediator of the relationship between socioeconomic status and physical and mental health. J Health Psychol. 2016;21(6):972–82.
pubmed: 25104782
doi: 10.1177/1359105314543962
Kloos N, Trompetter HR, Bohlmeijer ET, et al. Longitudinal associations of autonomy, relatedness, and competence with the well-being of nursing home residents. Gerontologist. 2019;59(4):635–43.
pubmed: 29529210
doi: 10.1093/geront/gny005
Treiman DJ. The difference between Heaven and earth: urban–rural disparities in well-being in China. Res Soc Stratification Mobil. 2012;30(1):33–47.
doi: 10.1016/j.rssm.2011.10.001
Rode JC. Job satisfaction and life satisfaction revisited: a longitudinal test of an integrated model. Hum Relat. 2004;57(9):1205–30.
doi: 10.1177/0018726704047143
Präg P, Mills M, Wittek R. Income and income inequality as social determinants of health: do social comparisons play a role? Eur Sociol Rev. 2014;30(2):218–29.
doi: 10.1093/esr/jct035
Wang X, Fan G. Analysis on the regional disparity in China and the influential factors. Econ Res J. 2004;1(4):33–44.
Gallagher M, Giles J, Park A, et al. China’s 2008 Labor Contract Law: implementation and implications for China’s workers. Hum Relat. 2015;68(2):197–235.
doi: 10.1177/0018726713509418
Liao L, Du M. How digital finance shapes residents’ health: evidence from China. China Econ Rev. 2024;87:102246.
doi: 10.1016/j.chieco.2024.102246