Treatment ineffectiveness towards Haemonchus contortus is highly prevalent in sheep and goat farms of North-Eastern Italy.
Anthelmintic resistance
Control
Faecal egg count reduction test
Gastrointestinal nematodes
Small ruminants
Journal
BMC veterinary research
ISSN: 1746-6148
Titre abrégé: BMC Vet Res
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101249759
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
30 Oct 2024
30 Oct 2024
Historique:
received:
16
06
2024
accepted:
22
10
2024
medline:
31
10
2024
pubmed:
31
10
2024
entrez:
31
10
2024
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Anthelmintic resistance (AR) is a global threat to grazing livestock farming. In Italy, anthelmintic efficacy remains high compared to other European countries, but many parts of the country haven't been investigated yet. Local veterinary practitioners from Trentino and Veneto regions reported suspected inefficacy towards anthelmintic drugs in some of their farms, prompting a study on AR in sheep and goat farms of northern Italy. The study aimed to assess anthelmintic effectiveness using genus-specific faecal egg count reduction tests (FECRT), to detect differences in treatment response among nematode genera involved in the infection. Twelve farms (6 sheep and 6 goat farms) were included based on clinical suspicion of AR. Treatments were carried out with either benzimidazoles (BZ) or macrocyclic lactones (ML) Treatment was effective in 3/6 goat trials, with reduced effectiveness to BZ in two farms and to ML the last one. In sheep farms (6/6), effectiveness was consistently and more severely insufficient. Ineffectiveness was particularly high towards Haemonchus contortus, while Oesophagostomum/Chabertia maintained susceptibility in nearly all trials. Trichostrongylus/Teladorsagia exhibited intermediate results. This study reveals diminished efficacy of both BZ and ML in small ruminant farms in north-eastern Italy, an area previously lacking data on the topic, except for goats in South Tyrol. Variability in treatment responses among nematode genera support suspicions of AR, and further concerns are raised by the prevalence of treatment ineffectiveness against the highly pathogenic Haemonchus contortus. This finding underscores the urgent need for comprehensive AR monitoring in the area and improved management practices to prevent further resistance development and protect livestock health.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Anthelmintic resistance (AR) is a global threat to grazing livestock farming. In Italy, anthelmintic efficacy remains high compared to other European countries, but many parts of the country haven't been investigated yet. Local veterinary practitioners from Trentino and Veneto regions reported suspected inefficacy towards anthelmintic drugs in some of their farms, prompting a study on AR in sheep and goat farms of northern Italy. The study aimed to assess anthelmintic effectiveness using genus-specific faecal egg count reduction tests (FECRT), to detect differences in treatment response among nematode genera involved in the infection.
RESULTS
RESULTS
Twelve farms (6 sheep and 6 goat farms) were included based on clinical suspicion of AR. Treatments were carried out with either benzimidazoles (BZ) or macrocyclic lactones (ML) Treatment was effective in 3/6 goat trials, with reduced effectiveness to BZ in two farms and to ML the last one. In sheep farms (6/6), effectiveness was consistently and more severely insufficient. Ineffectiveness was particularly high towards Haemonchus contortus, while Oesophagostomum/Chabertia maintained susceptibility in nearly all trials. Trichostrongylus/Teladorsagia exhibited intermediate results.
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
This study reveals diminished efficacy of both BZ and ML in small ruminant farms in north-eastern Italy, an area previously lacking data on the topic, except for goats in South Tyrol. Variability in treatment responses among nematode genera support suspicions of AR, and further concerns are raised by the prevalence of treatment ineffectiveness against the highly pathogenic Haemonchus contortus. This finding underscores the urgent need for comprehensive AR monitoring in the area and improved management practices to prevent further resistance development and protect livestock health.
Identifiants
pubmed: 39478551
doi: 10.1186/s12917-024-04347-7
pii: 10.1186/s12917-024-04347-7
doi:
Substances chimiques
Anthelmintics
0
Benzimidazoles
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
498Informations de copyright
© 2024. The Author(s).
Références
Kenyon F, Jackson F. Targeted flock/herd and individual ruminant treatment approaches. Vet Parasitol [Internet]. 2012;186(1–2):10–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.11.041
Manfredi MT, Di Cerbo AR, Zanzani S, Stradiotto K. Breeding management in goat farms of Lombardy, northern Italy: Risk factors connected to gastrointestinal parasites. Small Rumin Res [Internet]. 2010;88(2–3):113–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2009.12.018
Zanzani SA, Gazzonis AL, Di Cerbo A, Varady M, Manfredi MT. <ArticleTitle Language=“En”>Gastrointestinal nematodes of dairy goats, anthelmintic resistance and practices of parasite control in Northern Italy. BMC Vet Res. 2014;10:1–10.
doi: 10.1186/1746-6148-10-114
Maurizio A, Stancampiano L, Tessarin C, Pertile A, Pedrini G, Asti C et al. Survey on endoparasites of dairy goats in North-eastern Italy using a farm-tailored monitoring approach. Vet Sci. 2021;8(5).
Lambertz C, Poulopoulou I, Wuthijaree K, Gauly M. Endoparasitic infections and prevention measures in sheep and goats under mountain farming conditions in Northern Italy. Small Rumin Res [Internet]. 2018;164(May):94–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2018.05.007
Knox MR, Besier RB, Le Jambre LF, Kaplan RM, Torres-Acosta JFJ, Miller J et al. Novel approaches for the control of helminth parasites of livestock VI: Summary of discussions and conclusions. Vet Parasitol [Internet]. 2012;186(1–2):143–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.11.054
Rose Vineer H, Morgan ER, Hertzberg H, Bartley DJ, Bosco A, Charlier J et al. Increasing importance of anthelmintic resistance in European livestock: Creation and meta-analysis of an open database. Parasite. 2020;27.
Lambertz C, Poulopoulou I, Wuthijaree K, Gauly M. Anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep raised under mountain farming conditions in Northern Italy. BMC Vet Res. 2019;6(1):1–7.
Geurden T, Hoste H, Jacquiet P, Traversa D, Sotiraki S, Frangipane di Regalbono A et al. Anthelmintic resistance and multidrug resistance in sheep gastro-intestinal nematodes in France, Greece and Italy. Vet Parasitol [Internet]. 2014;201(1–2):59–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.01.016
Geurden T, Chartier C, Fanke J, di Regalbono AF, Traversa D, von Samson-Himmelstjerna G et al. Anthelmintic resistance to ivermectin and moxidectin in gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle in Europe. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist [Internet]. 2015;5(3):163–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpddr.2015.08.001
De Rancourt M, Fois N, Lavín MP, Tchakérian E, Vallerand F. Mediterranean sheep and goats production: An uncertain future. Small Rumin Res. 2006;62(3):167–79.
doi: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.08.012
Bosco A, Kießler J, Amadesi A, Varady M, Hinney B, Ianniello D et al. The threat of reduced efficacy of anthelmintics against gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep from an area considered anthelmintic resistance-free. Parasites and Vectors [Internet]. 2020;13(1):1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04329-2
Maurizio A, Škorpíková L, Ilgová J, Tessarin C, Dotto G, Reslová N, et al. Faecal egg count reduction test in goats: zooming in on the genus level. Vet Parasitol. 2024;327(February):110146.
doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110146
pubmed: 38382381
Sturaro E, Cocca G, Gallo L, Mrad M, Ramanzin M. Sistemi zootecnici e stili aziendali sulle Alpi Orientali Italiane: Indagine su un campione di allevamenti. Ital J Anim Sci. 2009;8(4):541–54.
doi: 10.4081/ijas.2009.541
Gökdai A, Magrin L, Sakarya E, Contiero B, Gottardo F. Characterization and typologies of dairy goat farms in the Mediterranean region: A case of Italy and Turkey. Small Rumin Res [Internet]. 2020;191(March):106196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2020.106196
Coles GC, Bauer C, Borgsteede FHM, Geerts S, Klei TR, Taylor MA, et al. World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (W.A.A.V.P.) methods for the detection of anthelmintic resistance in nematodes of veterinary importance. Vet Parasitol. 1992;44(1–2):35–44.
doi: 10.1016/0304-4017(92)90141-U
pubmed: 1441190
Kaplan RM, Biology. Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Management of Anthelmintic Resistance in Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Livestock. Vet Clin Food Anim. 2020;36:17–30.
doi: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2019.12.001
COMBAR. Faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) protocol. Gastrointestinal nematodes - SHEEP and GOATS. 2021;(March):1–5. https://www.combar-ca.eu/sites/default/files/FECRT_PROTOCOL_sheep_goats_March 2021.pdf.
Hoste H, Sotiraki S, de Torres-Acosta JF. Control of Endoparasitic Nematode Infections in Goats. Vet Clin North Am - Food Anim Pract. 2011;27(1):163–73.
doi: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2010.10.008
pubmed: 21215900
MAFF. Manual of veterinary parasitological laboratory techniques. 3rd ed. London: H.M.S.O.; 1986.
Wyk JA, Van, Cabaret J, Michael LM. Morphological identification of nematode larvae of small ruminants and cattle simplified. 2004;119:277–306.
Knoll S, Dessì G, Tamponi C, Meloni L, Cavallo L, Mehmood N et al. Practical guide for microscopic identification of infectious gastrointestinal nematode larvae in sheep from Sardinia, Italy, backed by molecular analysis. Parasites and Vectors [Internet]. 2021;14(1):1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-05013-9
Dobson RJ, Hosking BC, Jacobson CL, Cotter JL, Besier RB, Stein PA et al. Preserving new anthelmintics: A simple method for estimating faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) confidence limits when efficacy and/or nematode aggregation is high. Vet Parasitol [Internet]. 2012;186(1–2):79–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.11.049
Denwood MJ, Kaplan RM, McKendrick IJ, Thamsborg SM, Nielsen MK, Levecke B. A statistical framework for calculating prospective sample sizes and classifying efficacy results for faecal egg count reduction tests in ruminants, horses and swine. Vet Parasitol [Internet]. 2023;314(December 2022):109867. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2022.109867
Kaplan R, Denwood M, Nielsen M, Thamsborg S, Torgerson P, Gilleard J et al. A new World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP) guideline for diagnosing anthelmintic resistance using the faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT). Vet Parasitol [Internet]. 2023;318(April):109936. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2023.109936
Morgan ER, Lanusse C, Rinaldi L, Charlier J, Vercruysse J. Confounding factors affecting faecal egg count reduction as a measure of anthelmintic efficacy. Parasite. 2022;29.
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise «G. Caporale». Banca Dati Nazionale dell’Anagrafe Zootecnica (BDN) [Internet]. 2023. https://www.vetinfo.it/