The effect of medical face masks on inhalation risk of bacterial bioaerosols in hospital waste decontamination station.
Airborne bacteria
Inhalation risk
Personal protective equipment
Risk assessment
Journal
Scientific reports
ISSN: 2045-2322
Titre abrégé: Sci Rep
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101563288
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
01 Nov 2024
01 Nov 2024
Historique:
received:
01
01
2024
accepted:
31
07
2024
medline:
1
11
2024
pubmed:
1
11
2024
entrez:
1
11
2024
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
There is insufficient research on bioaerosols in hospital waste decontamination stations. This study aimed to investigate the effect of three-layer and N95 masks in reducing the inhalation risk of bacterial bioaerosols in a waste decontamination station at a teaching hospital. Active sampling was conducted on five different days at three locations: the yard, resting room, and autoclave room in three different modes: without a mask, with a three-layer mask, and with an N95 mask. Bacterial bioaerosols passing through the masks were identified using biochemical tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The median concentration and interquartile range (IQR) of bacterial bioaerosols was 217.093 (230.174) colony-forming units per cubic meter (CFU/m
Identifiants
pubmed: 39482346
doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-69088-x
pii: 10.1038/s41598-024-69088-x
doi:
Substances chimiques
Aerosols
0
Medical Waste Disposal
0
Medical Waste
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
26259Informations de copyright
© 2024. The Author(s).
Références
Li, L. et al. Microbial aerosol particles in four seasons of sanitary landfill site: Molecular approaches, traceability and risk assessment. J. Environ. Sci. 108, 120–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2021.01.013 (2021).
doi: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.01.013
Morgado-Gamero, W. B., Parody, A., Medina, J., Rodriguez-Villamizar, L. A. & Agudelo-Castañeda, D. Multi-antibiotic resistant bacteria in landfill bioaerosols: Environmental conditions and biological risk assessment. Environ. Pollut. 290, 118037. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118037 (2021).
doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118037
pubmed: 34482243
Wang, Y. et al. Characteristics, non-carcinogenic risk assessment and prediction by HYSPLIT of bioaerosol released from Hospital and Municipal Sewage, China. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 246, 114131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114131 (2022).
doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114131
pubmed: 36193586
Sajjad, B. et al. Size-resolved ambient bioaerosols concentration, antibiotic resistance, and community composition during autumn and winter seasons in Qatar. Environ. Pollut. 336, 122401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122401 (2023).
doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122401
pubmed: 37598930
Hassan, A. & Zeeshan, M. Microbiological indoor air quality of hospital buildings with different ventilation systems, cleaning frequencies and occupancy levels. Atmos. Pollut. Res. 13, 101382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2022.101382 (2022).
doi: 10.1016/j.apr.2022.101382
Vilavert, L., Nadal, M., Figueras, M. J., Kumar, V. & Domingo, J. L. Levels of chemical and microbiological pollutants in the vicinity of a waste incineration plant and human health risks: Temporal trends. Chemosphere 84, 1476–1483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.04.041 (2011).
doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.04.041
pubmed: 21550630
Fang, R. et al. From air to airway: Dynamics and risk of inhalable bacteria in municipal solid waste treatment systems. J. Hazard. Mater. 460, 132407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132407 (2023).
doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132407
pubmed: 37651934
Wikuats, C. F. H. et al. Health symptoms and inflammatory blood biomarkers from exposure of recyclable waste workers to particulate matter and bioaerosols. Atmos. Pollut. Res. 13, 101323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2022.101323 (2022).
doi: 10.1016/j.apr.2022.101323
Nair, A. T. Bioaerosols in the landfill environment: An overview of microbial diversity and potential health hazards. Aerobiologia 37, 185–203. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10453-021-09693-9 (2021).
doi: 10.1007/s10453-021-09693-9
pubmed: 33558785
pmcid: 7860158
Samadi, M. T. et al. Characteristics and health effects of potentially pathogenic bacterial aerosols from a municipal solid waste landfill site in Hamadan, Iran. J. Environ. Health Sci. Eng. 19, 1057–1067. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40201-021-00672-3 (2021).
doi: 10.1007/s40201-021-00672-3
pubmed: 34150294
pmcid: 8172748
WHO.
Zhou, H. et al. A deep learning approach for medical waste classification. Sci. Rep. 12, 2159. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-06146-2 (2022).
doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-06146-2
pubmed: 35140263
pmcid: 8828884
Kwikiriza, S., Stewart, A. G., Mutahunga, B., Dobson, A. E. & Wilkinson, E. A whole systems approach to hospital waste management in rural Uganda. Front. Public Health 7, 136. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2019.00136 (2019).
doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00136
pubmed: 31245343
pmcid: 6562563
Khalid, S. et al. Current practices of waste management in teaching hospitals and presence of incinerators in densely populated areas. BMC Public Health 21, 1340. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11389-1 (2021).
doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-11389-1
pubmed: 34233645
pmcid: 8262056
Wang, J. et al. Disinfection technology of hospital wastes and wastewater: Suggestions for disinfection strategy during coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in China. Environ. Pollut. 262, 114665. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114665 (2020).
doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114665
pubmed: 32443202
pmcid: 7194566
Kontro, M. H., Kirsi, M. & Laitinen, S. K. Exposure to bacterial and fungal bioaerosols in facilities processing biodegradable waste. Front. Public Health 10, 789861. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.789861 (2022).
doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.789861
pubmed: 36466510
pmcid: 9708704
Dehghani, M., Sorooshian, A., Nazmara, S., Baghani, A. N. & Delikhoon, M. Concentration and type of bioaerosols before and after conventional disinfection and sterilization procedures inside hospital operating rooms. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 164, 277–282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.08.034 (2018).
doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.08.034
pubmed: 30121503
pmcid: 6151147
Yousefzadeh, A. et al. Evaluation of bio-aerosols type, density, and modeling of dispersion in inside and outside of different wards of educational hospital. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int. 29, 14143–14157. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16733-x (2022).
doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-16733-x
pubmed: 34601681
Jiawei, M., Han, Y., Li, L. & Liu, J. Distribution characteristics and potential risks of bacterial aerosol in waste transfer station. J. Environ. Manag. 326, 116599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116599 (2023).
doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116599
Yan, X. et al. Distribution characteristics and noncarcinogenic risk assessment of culturable airborne bacteria and fungi during winter in Xinxiang, China. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int. 26, 36698–36709. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06720-8 (2019).
doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-06720-8
pubmed: 31741271
Li, Y., Zhang, H., Qiu, X., Zhang, Y. & Wang, H. Dispersion and risk assessment of bacterial aerosols emitted from rotating-brush aerator during summer in a wastewater treatment plant of Xi’an, China. Aerosol Air Qual. Res. 13, 1807–1814. https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2012.09.0245 (2013).
doi: 10.4209/aaqr.2012.09.0245
Mortazavi, H. et al. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in the indoor air and surfaces of subway trains in Mashhad, Iran. Braz. J. Microbiol. 54, 1865–1873. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-023-01089-w (2023).
doi: 10.1007/s42770-023-01089-w
pubmed: 37572180
pmcid: 10484835
Yan, C., Wang, R.-N. & Zhao, X.-Y. Emission characteristics of bioaerosol and quantitative microbiological risk assessment for equipping individuals with various personal protective equipment in a WWTP. Chemosphere 265, 129117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129117 (2021).
doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129117
pubmed: 33272663
Sharma, A., Omidvarborna, H. & Kumar, P. Efficacy of facemasks in mitigating respiratory exposure to submicron aerosols. J. Hazard. Mater. 422, 126783. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126783 (2022).
doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126783
pubmed: 34523504
Sureka, B. & Misra, S. N95 respirator or triple layer surgical mask: Radiologist perspective. Indian J. Radiol. Imag. 31, S198-s203. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijri.IJRI_350_20 (2021).
doi: 10.4103/ijri.IJRI_350_20
(CDC), C. f. D. C. a. P. (2021).
Jeong, S. B., Ko, H. S., Seo, S. C. & Jung, J. H. Evaluation of filtration characteristics and microbial recovery rates of commercial filtering facepiece respirators against airborne bacterial particles. Sci. Total Environ. 682, 729–736. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.153 (2019).
doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.153
pubmed: 31141754
Clapp, P. W. et al. Evaluation of cloth masks and modified procedure masks as personal protective equipment for the public during the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA Internal Med. 181, 463–469. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.8168 (2021).
doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.8168
https://www.google.com/maps/ .
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Iran_location_map.svg .
https://data.irimo.ir/ .
Ghanbarian, M., Ghanbarian, M., Ghanbarian, M., Mahvi, A. H. & Hosseini, M. Determination of bacterial and fungal bioaerosols in municipal solid-waste processing facilities of Tehran. J. Environ. Health Sci. Eng. 18, 865–872. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40201-020-00510-y (2020).
doi: 10.1007/s40201-020-00510-y
pubmed: 33312608
pmcid: 7721842
Sadigh, A., Fataei, E., Arzanloo, M. & Imani, A. A. Bacteria bioaerosol in the indoor air of educational microenvironments: Measuring exposures and assessing health effects. J. Environ. Health Sci. Eng. 19, 1635–1642. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40201-021-00719-5 (2021).
doi: 10.1007/s40201-021-00719-5
pubmed: 34900294
pmcid: 8617128
Madsen, A. M., Frederiksen, M. W., Jacobsen, M. H. & Tendal, K. Towards a risk evaluation of workers’ exposure to handborne and airborne microbial species as exemplified with waste collection workers. Environ. Res. 183, 109177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.109177 (2020).
doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109177
pubmed: 32006769
Li, L., Zhao, X., Li, Z. & Song, K. COVID-19: Performance study of microplastic inhalation risk posed by wearing masks. J. Hazard. Mater. 411, 124955. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124955 (2021).
doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124955
pubmed: 33445045
Yan, C., Leng, Y.-L. & Wu, J.-T. Quantitative microbial risk assessment for occupational health of temporary entrants and staffs equipped with various grade PPE and exposed to microbial bioaerosols in two WWTPs. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 94, 1327–1343. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-021-01663-5 (2021).
doi: 10.1007/s00420-021-01663-5
pubmed: 33721095
pmcid: 7957280
Pahari, A. K., Dasgupta, D., Patil, R. S. & Mukherji, S. Emission of bacterial bioaerosols from a composting facility in Maharashtra, India. Waste Manag. 53, 22–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2016.04.027 (2016).
doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.04.027
pubmed: 27155946
Nabavi, B., Nikaeen, M., Amin, M. & Hatamzadeh, M. Isolation and identification of aerobic polychlorinated biphenyls degrading bacteria. Int. J. Environ. Health Eng. 2, 47–47. https://doi.org/10.4103/2277-9183.122443 (2013).
doi: 10.4103/2277-9183.122443
Wang, Y. et al. The pollution of bioaerosols in hospital sewage purification process: Composition characteristics, seasonal variation and risk assessment. J. Clean. Prod. 419, 138301 (2023).
doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.138301
Chalvatzaki, E., Katsivela, E., Raisi, L. & Lazaridis, M. Assessment of personal deposited dose of bioaerosols and particles in a wastewater treatment plant facility. Air Qual. Atmos. Health 16, 165–181. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-022-01264-2 (2023).
doi: 10.1007/s11869-022-01264-2
USEPA. USERS’ Guide and Background Technical Document for USEPA Region 9'S Preliminary Remediation Goals (PRG) Table. (2011).
Agency, U. S. E. P. Users’ Guide and Background Technical Document for USEPA Region 9—Preliminary Remediation Goals (PRG) Table. (2011).
Hygienists, A. C. o. G. I. ACGIH Committee Activities and Reports. Applied Industrial Hygiene 1, R-19-R-23, https://doi.org/10.1080/08828032.1986.10390461 (1986).
Committee on Risk Assessment of Hazardous Air Pollutants, N. R. C. (1994).
Regulation, D. o. P. (Department of Pesticide Regulation, 2000).
[ATSDR] Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 2023. Exposure Dose Guidance for Body Weight. Atlanta, G. U. S. D. o. H. a. H. S. & Public Health Service, J. (2023).
Bahreini, A., Ghaffari, H. R., Behjati, A. M., Zare, S. & Dinarloo, K. The risk of exposure to infectious bacterial bioaerosols in different hospital wards: A case study. Hormozgan Med. J. 27, 73–78. https://doi.org/10.34172/hmj.2023.3087 (2023).
doi: 10.34172/hmj.2023.3087
Hana, A.L.A.-R. et al. Assessment of indoor air quality of four primary health care centers in Qatar. Microorganisms 2, 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10102055 (2022).
doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10102055
Mirhoseini, S. H., Nikaeen, M., Shamsizadeh, Z. & Khanahmad, H. Hospital air: A potential route for transmission of infections caused by β-lactam-resistant bacteria. Am. J. Infect. Control 44, 898–904. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2016.01.041 (2016).
doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2016.01.041
pubmed: 27021512
Madureira, J. et al. Indoor exposure to bioaerosol particles: Levels and implications for inhalation dose rates in schoolchildren. Air Quality Atmos. Health 11, 955–964. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-018-0599-8 (2018).
doi: 10.1007/s11869-018-0599-8
Brągoszewska, E., Mainka, A. & Pastuszka, J. Bacterial aerosols in an urban nursery school in Gliwice, Poland: A case study. Aerobiologia https://doi.org/10.1007/s10453-015-9419-x (2016).
doi: 10.1007/s10453-015-9419-x
Pan American Health Organization. (2023).
Valedeyni, A. F., Hazrati, S., Arzanlo, M. & Fazlzadeh, M. Assessment of bacterial bio-aerosols types and its concentration in the ambient air of educational hospitals of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences. J. Health-Saf. Work 8, 15–28 (2018).
Mehrasbi, M. R., Mohammadi, G., Mohammadian, F. M., Hajikarim, B. & Jafari, G. Indoor airborne bio aerosols in valiasr hospital in Zanjan Iran. Zums-jhehp 1, 41–48 (2015).
doi: 10.29252/jhehp.1.1.6
Hosseini, S. S. K. H., Mousavi, S. & Gholampour, A. Seasonal and spatial variations of bioaerosols and antibiotic resistance bacteria in different wards of the hospital. J. Air Pollut. Health 5, 42 (2022).
Rengasamy, S., Eimer, B. C. & Szalajda, J. A quantitative assessment of the total inward leakage of NaCl aerosol representing submicron-size bioaerosol through n95 filtering facepiece respirators and surgical masks. J. Occup. Environ. Hygiene 11, 388–396. https://doi.org/10.1080/15459624.2013.866715 (2014).
doi: 10.1080/15459624.2013.866715
Makison, B. C., Clayton, M., Crook, B. & Gawn, J. M. Effectiveness of surgical masks against influenza bioaerosols. J. Hospital Infect. 84, 22–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2013.02.007 (2013).
doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2013.02.007
Arezoo, T. A. T. Fatemeh karimi microbiological air quality and antibiotic resistance in isolated bioaerosols from various activities in Zanjan, Iran. J. Environ. Health Sustain. Dev. 2, 52. https://doi.org/10.18502/jehsd.v8i2.13042 (2023).
doi: 10.18502/jehsd.v8i2.13042
Sudharsanam, S. et al. Characterization of indoor bioaerosols from a hospital ward in a tropical setting. Afr. Health Sci. 12, 217–225. https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v12i2.22 (2012).
doi: 10.4314/ahs.v12i2.22
pubmed: 23056031
pmcid: 3462539
MJ, Z. S. [Guide to the Evaluation of Bioaerosols in the Workplace OEL-BA-9503]. 1 edn, (Markazsalamat Behdasht, 1395).
Pepper, I. L. & Gerba, C. P. Aeromicrobiology. Environ. Microbiol. 2015, 89–110 (2014).
Kooken, J. M., Fox, K. F. & Fox, A. Characterization of Micrococcus strains isolated from indoor air. Mol. Cell. Probes 26, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcp.2011.09.003 (2012).
doi: 10.1016/j.mcp.2011.09.003
pubmed: 21963944
Gizaw, Z., Gebrehiwot, M. & Yenew, C. High bacterial load of indoor air in hospital wards: The case of University of Gondar teaching hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Multidiscip. Respiratory Med. 11, 24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40248-016-0061-4 (2016).
doi: 10.1186/s40248-016-0061-4