Motor Clustering Enhances Kinesin-driven Vesicle Transport.

Intracellular vesicles are typically transported by a small number of kinesin and dynein motors. However, the slow microtubule binding rate of kinesin-1 observed in Intracellular vesicles frequently travel long distances, despite having few kinesin and dynein motors. By reconstituting liposome motility with kinesin-1 motors, we demonstrate the need for high motor copy numbers for long-range transport when motors are randomly distributed on the liposome surface. We further show that motor clustering reduces the required motor number, emphasizing its potential role in enhancing transport efficiency. Our findings highlight the significance of motor organization in regulating intracellular transport and suggest that motor clustering, such as by scaffolding proteins or lipid domains, influences bidirectional transport outcomes.