{
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@graph": [
{
"@type": "MedicalWebPage",
"name": "Anhydrides : Questions médicales les plus fréquentes",
"headline": "Anhydrides : Comprendre les symptômes, diagnostics et traitements",
"description": "Guide complet et accessible sur les Anhydrides : explications, diagnostics, traitements et prévention. Information médicale validée destinée aux patients.",
"datePublished": "2024-05-05",
"dateModified": "2025-04-30",
"inLanguage": "fr",
"medicalAudience": [
{
"@type": "MedicalAudience",
"name": "Grand public",
"audienceType": "Patient",
"healthCondition": {
"@type": "MedicalCondition",
"name": "Anhydrides"
},
"suggestedMinAge": 18,
"suggestedGender": "unisex"
},
{
"@type": "MedicalAudience",
"name": "Médecins",
"audienceType": "Physician",
"geographicArea": {
"@type": "AdministrativeArea",
"name": "France"
}
},
{
"@type": "MedicalAudience",
"name": "Chercheurs",
"audienceType": "Researcher",
"geographicArea": {
"@type": "AdministrativeArea",
"name": "International"
}
}
],
"reviewedBy": {
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Dr Olivier Menir",
"jobTitle": "Expert en Médecine",
"description": "Expert en Médecine, Optimisation des Parcours de Soins et Révision Médicale",
"url": "/static/pages/docteur-olivier-menir.html",
"alumniOf": {
"@type": "EducationalOrganization",
"name": "Université Paris Descartes"
}
},
"isPartOf": {
"@type": "MedicalWebPage",
"name": "Composés chimiques organiques",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D009930",
"about": {
"@type": "MedicalCondition",
"name": "Composés chimiques organiques",
"code": {
"@type": "MedicalCode",
"code": "D009930",
"codingSystem": "MeSH"
},
"identifier": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "MeSH Tree",
"value": "D02"
}
}
},
"about": {
"@type": "MedicalCondition",
"name": "Anhydrides",
"alternateName": "Anhydrides",
"code": {
"@type": "MedicalCode",
"code": "D000812",
"codingSystem": "MeSH"
}
},
"author": [
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Chengwei Liu",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/Chengwei%20Liu",
"affiliation": {
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China. ymcui@shu.edu.cn."
}
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Michal Szostak",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/Michal%20Szostak",
"affiliation": {
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States."
}
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "C J Smith",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/C%20J%20Smith",
"affiliation": {
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Department of Chemistry , University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant Street, SE , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States."
}
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Anna K Huff",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/Anna%20K%20Huff",
"affiliation": {
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Department of Chemistry , University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant Street, SE , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States."
}
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Kenneth R Leopold",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/Kenneth%20R%20Leopold",
"affiliation": {
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Department of Chemistry , University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant Street, SE , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States."
}
}
],
"citation": [
{
"@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
"name": "Sonographic reference values of nerve size in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.",
"datePublished": "2022-12-31",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/36533969",
"identifier": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "DOI",
"value": "10.1002/mus.27773"
}
},
{
"@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
"name": "The correlates and reference values for the 6-minute walk distance in Taiwanese adults with schizophrenia.",
"datePublished": "2022-09-24",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/36151891",
"identifier": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "DOI",
"value": "10.1080/09638288.2022.2125592"
}
},
{
"@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
"name": "Reference values for 4D flow magnetic resonance imaging of the portal venous system.",
"datePublished": "2023-04-04",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/37016247",
"identifier": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "DOI",
"value": "10.1007/s00261-023-03892-3"
}
},
{
"@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
"name": "Reference values of diaphragmatic dimensions in healthy children aged 0-8 years.",
"datePublished": "2023-03-20",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/36939879",
"identifier": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "DOI",
"value": "10.1007/s00431-023-04920-6"
}
},
{
"@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
"name": "Evaluation of Standard and Proposed Reference Values for Entheseal Thickening by Using Musculoskeletal Ultrasound.",
"datePublished": "2022-11-15",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/36379580",
"identifier": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "DOI",
"value": "10.3899/jrheum.210148"
}
}
],
"breadcrumb": {
"@type": "BreadcrumbList",
"itemListElement": [
{
"@type": "ListItem",
"position": 1,
"name": "questionsmedicales.fr",
"item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr"
},
{
"@type": "ListItem",
"position": 2,
"name": "Composés chimiques organiques",
"item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D009930"
},
{
"@type": "ListItem",
"position": 3,
"name": "Anhydrides",
"item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D000812"
}
]
}
},
{
"@type": "MedicalWebPage",
"name": "Article complet : Anhydrides - Questions et réponses",
"headline": "Questions et réponses médicales fréquentes sur Anhydrides",
"description": "Une compilation de questions et réponses structurées, validées par des experts médicaux.",
"datePublished": "2025-05-09",
"inLanguage": "fr",
"hasPart": [
{
"@type": "MedicalWebPage",
"name": "Diagnostic",
"headline": "Diagnostic sur Anhydrides",
"description": "Comment diagnostiquer une exposition aux anhydrides ?\nQuels tests sont utilisés pour détecter les anhydrides ?\nQuels symptômes indiquent une intoxication par anhydrides ?\nLes anhydrides peuvent-ils être détectés par imagerie ?\nQuels professionnels peuvent diagnostiquer une exposition ?",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D000812?mesh_terms=Reference+Values&page=3#section-diagnostic"
},
{
"@type": "MedicalWebPage",
"name": "Symptômes",
"headline": "Symptômes sur Anhydrides",
"description": "Quels sont les symptômes d'une exposition aiguë ?\nLes anhydrides provoquent-ils des allergies ?\nQuels symptômes chroniques peuvent survenir ?\nComment les anhydrides affectent-ils le système nerveux ?\nLes symptômes varient-ils selon le type d'anhydride ?",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D000812?mesh_terms=Reference+Values&page=3#section-symptômes"
},
{
"@type": "MedicalWebPage",
"name": "Prévention",
"headline": "Prévention sur Anhydrides",
"description": "Comment prévenir l'exposition aux anhydrides ?\nLes travailleurs doivent-ils être formés sur les anhydrides ?\nQuelles mesures de sécurité doivent être prises en laboratoire ?\nLes anhydrides sont-ils réglementés ?\nComment évaluer les risques d'exposition ?",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D000812?mesh_terms=Reference+Values&page=3#section-prévention"
},
{
"@type": "MedicalWebPage",
"name": "Traitements",
"headline": "Traitements sur Anhydrides",
"description": "Quel est le traitement d'une intoxication par anhydrides ?\nDes antidotes existent-ils pour les anhydrides ?\nComment traiter les irritations cutanées causées par les anhydrides ?\nLes inhalations sont-elles recommandées en cas d'exposition ?\nQuand consulter un médecin après exposition ?",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D000812?mesh_terms=Reference+Values&page=3#section-traitements"
},
{
"@type": "MedicalWebPage",
"name": "Complications",
"headline": "Complications sur Anhydrides",
"description": "Quelles complications peuvent survenir après exposition ?\nLes anhydrides peuvent-ils causer des maladies chroniques ?\nY a-t-il des risques de cancer liés aux anhydrides ?\nComment les anhydrides affectent-ils la reproduction ?\nLes effets des anhydrides sont-ils réversibles ?",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D000812?mesh_terms=Reference+Values&page=3#section-complications"
},
{
"@type": "MedicalWebPage",
"name": "Facteurs de risque",
"headline": "Facteurs de risque sur Anhydrides",
"description": "Qui est le plus à risque d'exposition aux anhydrides ?\nL'âge influence-t-il la sensibilité aux anhydrides ?\nLes antécédents médicaux augmentent-ils le risque ?\nLes allergies préexistantes sont-elles un facteur de risque ?\nLe sexe influence-t-il la vulnérabilité aux anhydrides ?",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D000812?mesh_terms=Reference+Values&page=3#section-facteurs de risque"
}
]
},
{
"@type": "FAQPage",
"mainEntity": [
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment diagnostiquer une exposition aux anhydrides ?",
"position": 1,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Le diagnostic repose sur l'historique d'exposition et des tests de laboratoire."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels tests sont utilisés pour détecter les anhydrides ?",
"position": 2,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Des tests sanguins et des analyses d'urine peuvent être effectués pour détecter des métabolites."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels symptômes indiquent une intoxication par anhydrides ?",
"position": 3,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les symptômes incluent irritation des voies respiratoires, maux de tête et nausées."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les anhydrides peuvent-ils être détectés par imagerie ?",
"position": 4,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "L'imagerie n'est pas utilisée pour détecter les anhydrides, mais pour évaluer les dommages."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels professionnels peuvent diagnostiquer une exposition ?",
"position": 5,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les médecins du travail et les toxicologues sont souvent impliqués dans le diagnostic."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels sont les symptômes d'une exposition aiguë ?",
"position": 6,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Irritation des yeux, de la peau, des voies respiratoires et des maux de tête."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les anhydrides provoquent-ils des allergies ?",
"position": 7,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, certains anhydrides peuvent provoquer des réactions allergiques chez certaines personnes."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels symptômes chroniques peuvent survenir ?",
"position": 8,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Exposition prolongée peut entraîner des problèmes respiratoires chroniques et dermatites."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment les anhydrides affectent-ils le système nerveux ?",
"position": 9,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Ils peuvent causer des maux de tête, des vertiges et des troubles cognitifs temporaires."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les symptômes varient-ils selon le type d'anhydride ?",
"position": 10,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, les symptômes peuvent varier selon la nature chimique de l'anhydride impliqué."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment prévenir l'exposition aux anhydrides ?",
"position": 11,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Utiliser des équipements de protection individuelle et assurer une ventilation adéquate."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les travailleurs doivent-ils être formés sur les anhydrides ?",
"position": 12,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, la formation sur les risques et les mesures de sécurité est essentielle."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quelles mesures de sécurité doivent être prises en laboratoire ?",
"position": 13,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Utiliser des hottes, des gants et des lunettes de protection lors de la manipulation."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les anhydrides sont-ils réglementés ?",
"position": 14,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, leur utilisation est souvent réglementée pour protéger la santé des travailleurs."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment évaluer les risques d'exposition ?",
"position": 15,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Réaliser des évaluations de risques régulières et surveiller les niveaux d'exposition."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quel est le traitement d'une intoxication par anhydrides ?",
"position": 16,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Le traitement inclut l'élimination de l'exposition et des soins symptomatiques."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Des antidotes existent-ils pour les anhydrides ?",
"position": 17,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Il n'existe pas d'antidote spécifique, le traitement est symptomatique."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment traiter les irritations cutanées causées par les anhydrides ?",
"position": 18,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Utiliser des crèmes hydratantes et des corticostéroïdes pour réduire l'inflammation."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les inhalations sont-elles recommandées en cas d'exposition ?",
"position": 19,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, des inhalations de vapeur d'eau peuvent aider à soulager l'irritation respiratoire."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quand consulter un médecin après exposition ?",
"position": 20,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Consulter un médecin si des symptômes persistent ou s'aggravent après l'exposition."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quelles complications peuvent survenir après exposition ?",
"position": 21,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Des complications respiratoires, dermatologiques et neurologiques peuvent se développer."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les anhydrides peuvent-ils causer des maladies chroniques ?",
"position": 22,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, une exposition prolongée peut entraîner des maladies respiratoires chroniques."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Y a-t-il des risques de cancer liés aux anhydrides ?",
"position": 23,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Certaines études suggèrent un lien entre l'exposition à certains anhydrides et le cancer."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment les anhydrides affectent-ils la reproduction ?",
"position": 24,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "L'exposition peut affecter la fertilité et causer des malformations congénitales."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les effets des anhydrides sont-ils réversibles ?",
"position": 25,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Certains effets peuvent être réversibles, mais d'autres peuvent causer des dommages permanents."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Qui est le plus à risque d'exposition aux anhydrides ?",
"position": 26,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les travailleurs dans l'industrie chimique et de la construction sont les plus à risque."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "L'âge influence-t-il la sensibilité aux anhydrides ?",
"position": 27,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, les personnes âgées peuvent être plus sensibles aux effets des anhydrides."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les antécédents médicaux augmentent-ils le risque ?",
"position": 28,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, les personnes ayant des antécédents respiratoires sont à risque accru."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les allergies préexistantes sont-elles un facteur de risque ?",
"position": 29,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, les personnes allergiques peuvent avoir des réactions plus sévères aux anhydrides."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Le sexe influence-t-il la vulnérabilité aux anhydrides ?",
"position": 30,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Des études montrent que les hommes peuvent être plus exposés en raison de leur travail."
}
}
]
}
]
}
Nerve ultrasound is useful in the diagnosis and follow-up of peripheral nerve disorders in children. The aim of this study was to explore and analyze the current literature on nerve cross-sectional ar...
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that reported ultrasound measurements of the upper or lower limb nerves in healthy children through a search of Web of Science, PubMed, Em...
Sixteen studies with measurements of 10 nerves covering a total of 5149 nerves measured in 823 healthy children (445 boys and 378 girls) were included. Mean nerve CSA increased with age in the median ...
This meta-analysis provides robust reference values for nerve CSA at different sites in children, and this can inform clinical practice and assist in identifying nerve enlargement. Moreover, it identi...
The study aimed to identify the factors associated with the 6-min walk distance (6MWD) and to provide reference values for the 6MWD in individuals with schizophrenia (SCZ) in Taiwan....
A proportional stratified sampling method was utilized based on distribution of gender, age and body mass index (BMI) at the study hospital. The 6-minute walk test was conducted according to the Ameri...
A total of 237 patients with SCZ completed the 6-minute walk test. The 6MWD was significantly associated with age, height, weight, and length of the onset of SCZ. Stepwise linear regression revealed t...
Height and age were the main predictors for 6MWD among people with SCZ in Taiwan. The established reference values can be used to identify those at risk of poor cardiorespiratory fitness and as a targ...
The purpose of this work was to establish normal reference values for 4D flow MRI-derived flow, velocity, and vessel diameters, and to define characteristic flow patterns in the portal venous system o...
For this retrospective study, we screened all available 4D flow MRI exams of the upper abdomen in healthy adults acquired at our institution between 2012 and 2022 at either 1.5 T or 3.0 T MRI after ≥ ...
We included 44 healthy subjects (26 female, 18-74 years) in the analysis. We report reference values for mean and peak flow, mean velocity, and vessel diameter in the healthy portal vein using 4D flow...
We have reported normal hemodynamic values that are necessary baseline data for emerging clinical applications of 4D flow MRI in the portal venous system. Results are consistent with previously publis...
Diaphragmatic thickness (Tdi) and diaphragm thickening fraction (dTF) are widely used parameters in ultrasound studies of the diaphragm in mechanically ventilated children, but normal values for healt...
Ultrasound (US) is increasingly used to evaluate enthesitis. One of the US features of enthesitis is thickening. However, there is no consensus on how the entheseal thickening needs to be defined, and...
Eighty HCs and 100 patients with axSpA had US scans of 2160 entheses. Sensitivity, specificity, odds ratio (OR), and accuracy were calculated according to accepted cut-off levels from the literature a...
Thickening according to current cut-off levels was found in 20.4% (196/960) of healthy participants' entheses and 33% (396/1200) of entheses of patients with axSpA. Thickening according to proposed cu...
Although using cut-offs appears to be an appealing method to evaluate entheseal thickness, the measurements may be affected by several confounding factors, leading to a low discriminative value, excep...
Ultrasonography of the cranial nerves has recently gained attention for assessment of inflammatory, compressive, or degenerative neuropathies. However, sonographic reference values of cranial nerves h...
By searching Medline (via PubMed), Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Web of Science, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that repo...
Fourteen studies with a total of 661 participants and 1437 ultrasound nerve measurements met the inclusion criteria. The anatomical sites for each nerve were combined to provide single-nerve mean meas...
This meta-analysis provides reference values for the diameter and cross-sectional area of the facial, spinal accessory, and hypoglossal nerves at different sites, which can be used as guidance in clin...
Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and the short form KOOS-12 are commonly used in clinical practice and research but there are no national record-based reference values to aid interp...
A national record-based representative sample of 9996 adult citizens were derived from the Danish Civil Registration System. The selection of citizens was based on seven predefined age groups with an ...
A total of 2842 participants completed the KOOS, 1463 women (51.4%) and 1379 men (48.6%). The mean KOOS subscale scores were: pain 85.3 (95% confidence interval (CI): 84.6-85.9), symptoms 85.1 (95% CI...
KOOS and KOOS-12 reference values can, in most situations, be used without stratification for age and sex. Sport/recreation reference values stratified for age and BMI may be of importance....
Poor posture is a well-known problem in all age groups and can lead to back pain, which in turn can result in high socio-economic costs. Regular assessment of posture can therefore help to identify po...
To further understand the influence of regional and ethnic factors on blood routine indicators....
The routine blood test (RBT) results of 617 healthy men aged 18-45 years old of the Li, Tibet, and Han nationalities living in the city of Sanya, Hainan Province (200 m), the city of Xining, Qinghai P...
With an increase in altitude, the RBT index values and change trends of the different ethnic groups were different. When the altitude increased by 2,000 m, the RBC and Hb increased by 6.6 and 8.1%, re...
Regional and ethnic factors have a significant impact on the RBT, and the current range of normal values of the RBT in China needs to be revised and adjusted....
Spirometry is an important measurement in detecting and monitoring of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The validity of the multi-ethnic Global Lung Function Initiative 2012 (GLI-2012) spirometri...