Titre : Composés benzhydryliques

Composés benzhydryliques : Questions médicales fréquentes

Termes MeSH sélectionnés :

Reproducibility of Results
{ "@context": "https://schema.org", "@graph": [ { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Composés benzhydryliques : Questions médicales les plus fréquentes", "headline": "Composés benzhydryliques : Comprendre les symptômes, diagnostics et traitements", "description": "Guide complet et accessible sur les Composés benzhydryliques : explications, diagnostics, traitements et prévention. Information médicale validée destinée aux patients.", "datePublished": "2024-03-14", "dateModified": "2025-03-09", "inLanguage": "fr", "medicalAudience": [ { "@type": "MedicalAudience", "name": "Grand public", "audienceType": "Patient", "healthCondition": { "@type": "MedicalCondition", "name": "Composés benzhydryliques" }, "suggestedMinAge": 18, "suggestedGender": "unisex" }, { "@type": "MedicalAudience", "name": "Médecins", "audienceType": "Physician", "geographicArea": { "@type": "AdministrativeArea", "name": "France" } }, { "@type": "MedicalAudience", "name": "Chercheurs", "audienceType": "Researcher", "geographicArea": { "@type": "AdministrativeArea", "name": "International" } } ], "reviewedBy": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Dr Olivier Menir", "jobTitle": "Expert en Médecine", "description": "Expert en Médecine, Optimisation des Parcours de Soins et Révision Médicale", "url": "/static/pages/docteur-olivier-menir.html", "alumniOf": { "@type": "EducationalOrganization", "name": "Université Paris Descartes" } }, "isPartOf": { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Dérivés du benzène", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D001555", "about": { "@type": "MedicalCondition", "name": "Dérivés du benzène", "code": { "@type": "MedicalCode", "code": "D001555", "codingSystem": "MeSH" }, "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "MeSH Tree", "value": "D02.455.426.559.389" } } }, "hasPart": [ { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Diphénhydramine", "alternateName": "Diphenhydramine", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D004155", "about": { "@type": "MedicalCondition", "name": "Diphénhydramine", "code": { "@type": "MedicalCode", "code": "D004155", "codingSystem": "MeSH" }, "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "MeSH Tree", "value": "D02.455.426.559.389.115.250" } } }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "2,2'-Dichloro-4,4'-méthylènedianiline", "alternateName": "Methylenebis(chloroaniline)", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D008753", "about": { "@type": "MedicalCondition", "name": "2,2'-Dichloro-4,4'-méthylènedianiline", "code": { "@type": "MedicalCode", "code": "D008753", "codingSystem": "MeSH" }, "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "MeSH Tree", "value": "D02.455.426.559.389.115.500" } } }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Modafinil", "alternateName": "Modafinil", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D000077408", "about": { "@type": "MedicalCondition", "name": "Modafinil", "code": { "@type": "MedicalCode", "code": "D000077408", "codingSystem": "MeSH" }, "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "MeSH Tree", "value": "D02.455.426.559.389.115.550" } } }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Orphénadrine", "alternateName": "Orphenadrine", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D009966", "about": { "@type": "MedicalCondition", "name": "Orphénadrine", "code": { "@type": "MedicalCode", "code": "D009966", "codingSystem": "MeSH" }, "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "MeSH Tree", "value": "D02.455.426.559.389.115.600" } } } ], "about": { "@type": "MedicalCondition", "name": "Composés benzhydryliques", "alternateName": "Benzhydryl Compounds", "code": { "@type": "MedicalCode", "code": "D001559", "codingSystem": "MeSH" } }, "author": [ { "@type": "Person", "name": "Loyd V Allen", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/Loyd%20V%20Allen", "affiliation": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "International Journal of Pharmaceutical Compounding. lallen@ijpc.com." } }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Jonas Bresien", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/Jonas%20Bresien", "affiliation": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany. axel.schulz@uni-rostock.de." } }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Jose M Goicoechea", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/Jose%20M%20Goicoechea", "affiliation": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "" } }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Alexander Hinz", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/Alexander%20Hinz", "affiliation": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "" } }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Moritz T Scharnhölz", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/Moritz%20T%20Scharnh%C3%B6lz", "affiliation": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "" } } ], "citation": [ { "@type": "ScholarlyArticle", "name": "Association between hemoglobin glycation index and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.", "datePublished": "2023-02-07", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/36824362", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.3389/fendo.2023.1094101" } }, { "@type": "ScholarlyArticle", "name": "[Validation of a Dispositional Hope Scale for Chilean children and adolescents].", "datePublished": "2023-02-07", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/37358111", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.32641/andespediatr.v94i2.4055" } }, { "@type": "ScholarlyArticle", "name": "Machine learning classifiers predict key genomic and evolutionary traits across the kingdoms of life.", "datePublished": "2023-02-06", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/36747072", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.1038/s41598-023-28965-7" } }, { "@type": "ScholarlyArticle", "name": "Automatic electronic reporting improved the completeness of AMI and stroke incident surveillance in Tianjin, China: a modeling study.", "datePublished": "2023-02-06", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/36747283", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.1186/s12963-023-00300-2" } }, { "@type": "ScholarlyArticle", "name": "The usefulness of preoperative CT in colon cancer staging: impact of radiologists' experience.", "datePublished": "2023-02-06", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/36745207", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.1007/s00261-023-03835-y" } } ], "breadcrumb": { "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 1, "name": "questionsmedicales.fr", "item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 2, "name": "Composés chimiques organiques", "item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D009930" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 3, "name": "Hydrocarbures", "item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D006838" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 4, "name": "Hydrocarbures cycliques", "item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D006844" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 5, "name": "Hydrocarbures aromatiques", "item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D006841" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 6, "name": "Dérivés du benzène", "item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D001555" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 7, "name": "Composés benzhydryliques", "item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D001559" } ] } }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Article complet : Composés benzhydryliques - Questions et réponses", "headline": "Questions et réponses médicales fréquentes sur Composés benzhydryliques", "description": "Une compilation de questions et réponses structurées, validées par des experts médicaux.", "datePublished": "2025-05-11", "inLanguage": "fr", "hasPart": [ { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Diagnostic", "headline": "Diagnostic sur Composés benzhydryliques", "description": "Comment diagnostiquer une intoxication aux composés benzhydryliques ?\nQuels tests sont utilisés pour évaluer l'exposition ?\nQuels symptômes indiquent une surdose ?\nComment différencier les effets des composés benzhydryliques ?\nQuels signes cliniques sont associés à ces composés ?", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D001559?mesh_terms=Reproducibility+of+Results&page=993#section-diagnostic" }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Symptômes", "headline": "Symptômes sur Composés benzhydryliques", "description": "Quels sont les symptômes courants d'une exposition ?\nPeut-on avoir des réactions cutanées ?\nQuels effets neurologiques peuvent se manifester ?\nY a-t-il des symptômes respiratoires associés ?\nLes symptômes varient-ils selon la dose ?", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D001559?mesh_terms=Reproducibility+of+Results&page=993#section-symptômes" }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Prévention", "headline": "Prévention sur Composés benzhydryliques", "description": "Comment prévenir l'exposition aux composés benzhydryliques ?\nY a-t-il des formations recommandées ?\nQuels sont les conseils de stockage sécuritaire ?\nComment sensibiliser le personnel aux risques ?\nQuelles sont les réglementations à suivre ?", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D001559?mesh_terms=Reproducibility+of+Results&page=993#section-prévention" }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Traitements", "headline": "Traitements sur Composés benzhydryliques", "description": "Quel est le traitement principal en cas d'intoxication ?\nDes antidotes spécifiques existent-ils ?\nComment gérer les symptômes neurologiques ?\nQuelle est l'importance de l'hydratation ?\nQuand faut-il envisager une hospitalisation ?", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D001559?mesh_terms=Reproducibility+of+Results&page=993#section-traitements" }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Complications", "headline": "Complications sur Composés benzhydryliques", "description": "Quelles complications peuvent survenir après une exposition ?\nLes effets à long terme sont-ils possibles ?\nComment les complications sont-elles gérées ?\nY a-t-il des risques de cancer associés ?\nLes complications peuvent-elles être évitées ?", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D001559?mesh_terms=Reproducibility+of+Results&page=993#section-complications" }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Facteurs de risque", "headline": "Facteurs de risque sur Composés benzhydryliques", "description": "Quels sont les principaux facteurs de risque d'exposition ?\nL'âge influence-t-il le risque d'effets ?\nLes antécédents médicaux jouent-ils un rôle ?\nLes conditions environnementales affectent-elles le risque ?\nLes habitudes de vie influencent-elles le risque ?", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D001559?mesh_terms=Reproducibility+of+Results&page=993#section-facteurs de risque" } ] }, { "@type": "FAQPage", "mainEntity": [ { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment diagnostiquer une intoxication aux composés benzhydryliques ?", "position": 1, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Le diagnostic repose sur l'historique médical et des tests de laboratoire spécifiques." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels tests sont utilisés pour évaluer l'exposition ?", "position": 2, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Des analyses sanguines et urinaires peuvent détecter la présence de ces composés." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels symptômes indiquent une surdose ?", "position": 3, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les symptômes incluent confusion, somnolence et troubles respiratoires." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment différencier les effets des composés benzhydryliques ?", "position": 4, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Une évaluation clinique complète et l'historique des médicaments sont nécessaires." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels signes cliniques sont associés à ces composés ?", "position": 5, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les signes incluent des anomalies neurologiques et des troubles cardiovasculaires." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels sont les symptômes courants d'une exposition ?", "position": 6, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les symptômes incluent des nausées, des vertiges et des maux de tête." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Peut-on avoir des réactions cutanées ?", "position": 7, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Oui, des éruptions cutanées et des démangeaisons peuvent survenir." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels effets neurologiques peuvent se manifester ?", "position": 8, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Des troubles de la coordination et des convulsions peuvent se produire." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Y a-t-il des symptômes respiratoires associés ?", "position": 9, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Oui, des difficultés respiratoires et une respiration rapide peuvent apparaître." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Les symptômes varient-ils selon la dose ?", "position": 10, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Oui, la gravité des symptômes dépend de la dose et de la durée d'exposition." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment prévenir l'exposition aux composés benzhydryliques ?", "position": 11, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Utiliser des équipements de protection lors de la manipulation de ces substances." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Y a-t-il des formations recommandées ?", "position": 12, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Oui, des formations sur la manipulation sécurisée des produits chimiques sont conseillées." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels sont les conseils de stockage sécuritaire ?", "position": 13, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Stocker dans des contenants étiquetés et dans des zones bien ventilées." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment sensibiliser le personnel aux risques ?", "position": 14, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Organiser des sessions d'information régulières sur les dangers des composés." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quelles sont les réglementations à suivre ?", "position": 15, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Respecter les réglementations locales et nationales sur la manipulation des produits chimiques." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quel est le traitement principal en cas d'intoxication ?", "position": 16, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Le traitement comprend l'administration de charbon actif et une surveillance médicale." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Des antidotes spécifiques existent-ils ?", "position": 17, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Il n'existe pas d'antidote spécifique pour les composés benzhydryliques." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment gérer les symptômes neurologiques ?", "position": 18, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Des médicaments anticonvulsivants peuvent être administrés pour contrôler les crises." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quelle est l'importance de l'hydratation ?", "position": 19, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "L'hydratation est cruciale pour aider à éliminer les toxines du corps." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quand faut-il envisager une hospitalisation ?", "position": 20, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "L'hospitalisation est nécessaire en cas de symptômes graves ou de complications." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quelles complications peuvent survenir après une exposition ?", "position": 21, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Des complications neurologiques et respiratoires peuvent se développer." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Les effets à long terme sont-ils possibles ?", "position": 22, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Oui, des effets à long terme sur la santé peuvent survenir après une exposition prolongée." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment les complications sont-elles gérées ?", "position": 23, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "La gestion des complications nécessite un suivi médical régulier et des traitements adaptés." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Y a-t-il des risques de cancer associés ?", "position": 24, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Certaines études suggèrent un lien potentiel entre l'exposition et le cancer." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Les complications peuvent-elles être évitées ?", "position": 25, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Oui, en respectant les mesures de sécurité et en évitant l'exposition." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels sont les principaux facteurs de risque d'exposition ?", "position": 26, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les travailleurs en laboratoire et ceux manipulant des produits chimiques sont à risque." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "L'âge influence-t-il le risque d'effets ?", "position": 27, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Oui, les jeunes enfants et les personnes âgées sont plus vulnérables." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Les antécédents médicaux jouent-ils un rôle ?", "position": 28, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Oui, des antécédents de maladies respiratoires augmentent le risque." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Les conditions environnementales affectent-elles le risque ?", "position": 29, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Oui, une exposition dans des environnements mal ventilés augmente le risque." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Les habitudes de vie influencent-elles le risque ?", "position": 30, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Oui, le tabagisme et l'alcoolisme peuvent exacerber les effets des composés." } } ] } ] }

Sources (10000 au total)

Association between hemoglobin glycation index and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

The hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) reflects biological variability in hemoglobin A1c. Even so, studies on the relationship between HGI and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are limited. Ther... This was a retrospective study based on physical examination data from Japan. Patients were divided into quartiles (Q1-Q4) according to their HGI level; the lowest quartile (Q1) was used as the refere... A total of 14280 patients were eligible for inclusion in this study; 2515 had NAFLD. Patients in the NAFLD group had higher levels of HGI than patients in the non-NAFLD group. Increases in HGI correla... HGI was an independent risk factor for NAFLD, and BMI partly mediated the association between HGI and NAFLD....

[Validation of a Dispositional Hope Scale for Chilean children and adolescents].

According to Snyder's theory, hope is defined as a dispositional attribute consisting of two dimensions, agency and pathway thinking. This construct has been widely studied because of its association ... To assess the psychometric properties of the Dispositional Hope Scale for Chilean children and adolescents (NNA, for its acronym in Spanish).... The study was conducted on 331 NNA, aged 10 to 20 years, from different educational centers in the country. Reliability was tested with Cronbach's alpha coefficient. In addition, one-factor vs two-fac... The scale showed a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.89 and an adequate fit to the two-factor model, keeping the original structure proposed by Snyder et al. It is negatively related to depressive sym... The NNA Hope Scale shows appropriate psychometric properties for its use on Chilean NNA population....

Automatic electronic reporting improved the completeness of AMI and stroke incident surveillance in Tianjin, China: a modeling study.

AMI and stroke are the leading causes of premature mortality and hospitalizations in China. Incidence data at the population level for the two diseases is limited and the reliability and completeness ... We applied the DisMod II program to model the incidence of AMI and stroke from other epidemiological indicators. Inputs include mortality rates from Tianjin's mortality surveillance system, and the po... The age and sex standardized modeled incidence per 100,000 person-year decreased (p < 0.0001) from 138 in 2007 to 119 in 2015 for AMI and increased (p < 0.0001) from 520 in 2007 to 534 in 2015 for str... Completeness of AMI and stroke incidence surveillance was low in Tianjin but has improved in recent years primarily owing to the incorporation of an automatic reporting component into the information ...

The usefulness of preoperative CT in colon cancer staging: impact of radiologists' experience.

To assess the agreement between radiologists in the detection of specific features related to T- and N-stage and evaluate accuracy in colon cancer staging.... Patients who underwent contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) before surgery were enrolled and evaluated by three radiologists with different experience. Pathological data were used as the refer... Seventy five patients were evaluated. The reliability analysis was moderate to substantial for tumor location (κ = 0.853), T staging (κ = 0.531), tumor bulging (κ = 0.478), fat stranding (κ = 0.490), ... Reader's experience is one of the most important factors associated with the correct classification of colon cancer. Moreover, CECT can help depict radiological features independently associated with ...

[Psychometric Evaluation of a Single-Item-Screener for Sleep Disturbances].

Sleep disturbances are one of the most prevalent health complaints in the general population. Thus, the need for validated screening instruments and prevention measures is high. The aim of the current... Data from Saxony Longitudinal Study (SLS) is being analyzed. Based on data of 32nd wave (n=321, 172 women, 149 men, M age=48.42, SD=0.64), the G-Score Item #3 ("Have you had the following complaints i... Retestreliability for the G-Score Item #3 is 0.70 (p<0.001). Correlation with the Jenkins Sleep Scale (JSS) was r=0.79 (p<0.01). The area under the curve (AUC) is 0.92, providing evidence for a very g... This study provides evidence for the use of the G-Score Item #3 as a screening instrument for sleep disturbances by showing good psychometric properties and brevity....

Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Gynecologic Cancer Lymphedema Questionnaire and the Lower Extremity Lymphedema Screening Questionnaire.

There is a paucity of international data regarding self-reported lower extremity lymphedema and quality of life after surgery for gynecological cancer. Validated questionnaires are emerging, but trans... To translate and culturally adapt the Gynecologic Cancer Lymphedema Questionnaire and the Lower Extremity Lymphedema Screening Questionnaire for a Norwegian population.... Permission to use the original English versions of the Gynecologic Cancer Lymphedema Questionnaire and the Lower Extremity Lymphedema Screening Questionnaire for translation was obtained. The question... Twelve patients completed the questionnaires twice. Cronbach's alpha was 0.75 for the Gynecologic Cancer Lymphedema Questionnaire and 0.89 for the Lower Extremity Lymphedema Screening Questionnaire. T... Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of these internationally validated patient-reported outcomes questionnaires for survivors of lower extremity lymphedema in gynecological cancer was feasible. ...

Nurses' Work Methods Assessment Scale: a study of content validation.

To develop and validate the content of the Nurses' Work Methods Assessment Scale.... Methodological study conducted between January and February 2022, based on the Quality Standards for Nursing Care and Imogene King's framework. A literature review was previously undertaken to design ... The initial version consisted of 40 items organized in four work methods identified in the literature. In the first dimension, from ten items, seven were considered, and one was reformulated. Seven of... The involvement of experts has become pivotal in the development and validation of the items, providing confidence to the continuity of psychometric procedures....

Automatable end-of-life screening for older adults in the emergency department using electronic health records.

Emergency department (ED) visits are common at the end-of-life, but the identification of patients with life-limiting illness remains a key challenge in providing timely and resource-sensitive advance... This was a retrospective, observational cohort study of ED visits from adults aged ≥65 years who visited any of 9 EDs across a large regional health system between 2014 and 2019. Multivariable logisti... A total of 431,179 encounters by 123,128 adults were included in this study with a 6-month mortality rate of 12.2%. Charlson (AUROC (95% CI): 0.65 (0.64-0.69)) and Elixhauser indices (0.69 (0.68-0.70)... Prognostic models using EHR data robustly identify high mortality risk older adults in the ED for whom code status, ACP, or palliative care interventions may be of benefit. Although all tested methods...