The probability of a conjunction of 2 independent events is the product of the probabilities of the 2 components and therefore cannot exceed the probability of either component; violation of this basi...
To ascertain whether physicians are able to correctly estimate the overall probability of a medical outcome resulting from 2 independent events....
This survey study consisted of 3 separate substudies, in which 215 physicians were asked via internet-based survey to estimate the probability of success of each of 2 components of a diagnostic or pro...
Case scenarios presented in an online survey....
Respondents were asked to provide their demographic information in addition to 3 probability estimates. The first substudy included a scenario describing a brow presentation discovered during labor; t...
Among 215 respondents, the mean (SD) age was 54.0 (9.5) years; 142 respondents (66.0%) were male. Data on race and ethnicity were not collected. A total of 168 physicians (78.1%) estimated the probabi...
In this survey study of 215 physicians, respondents consistently overestimated the combined probability of 2 events compared with the probability calculated from their own estimates of the individual ...
Idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) is a type of nephrotic syndrome and the leading cause of chronic kidney disease. As far as we know, no predictive model for assessing the prognosis of IMN is cu...
A total of 266 patients with histopathology-proven IMN were included in this study. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression was utilized to identify the most important variables. Su...
A prognostic nomogram was established, which incorporated creatinine, glomerular_basement_membrane_thickening, gender, IgG_deposition, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and fibrinogen. The areas un...
The nomogram was useful for clinicians to evaluate the prognosis of patients with IMN in early stage....
To evaluate clinical, laboratory, and radiological variables from preoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) for their ability to distinguish ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) from no...
This IRB-approved, retrospective study included consecutive patients who underwent surgery for an ovarian tumor from 1/1/2000 to 12/31/2016 and CECT of the abdomen and pelvis ≤90 days before primary d...
The final analysis included 533 patients with surgically confirmed OCCC (n = 61) and non-OCCC (n = 472); history of endometriosis was more often found in patients with OCCC (20% versus 3.6%; p < 0.001...
A presurgical nomogram model incorporating readily accessible clinical, laboratory, and CECT variables was a powerful predictor of OCCC, a subtype often requiring a distinctive treatment approach....
Low-titer group O whole blood (LTOWB) resuscitation is becoming common in both military and civilian settings and may represent the ideal resuscitation intervention. We sought to characterize the safe...
A prospective, multicenter, observational cohort study was performed using 7 trauma centers. Injured patients at risk of massive transfusion who required both blood transfusion and hemorrhage control ...
A total of 1,051 patients in hemorrhagic shock met all enrollment criteria. The cohort was severely injured with >70% of patients requiring massive transfusion. After propensity adjustment, no signifi...
Early LTOWB resuscitation is safe but not independently associated with survival for the overall enrolled population. When patients were selected with an elevated probability of mortality based on pre...
Who enrolled in Medicaid as a consequence of the Affordable Care Act (ACA)? Using the 2010-2017 American Community Survey, I estimate how characteristics relating to work status and race/ethnicity aff...
Past studies have shown a commission bias for cancer treatment, a tendency to choose active treatment even when watchful waiting is less risky. This bias suggests motivations for action beyond mortali...
Participants (...
We observed a commission bias as in past studies with most participants choosing surgery both when surgery was optimal (71%) and when watchful waiting was optimal (58%). An ESP × Condition interaction...
The role of ESP in decision making is context specific. Higher levels of ESP predict choosing action when that action is warranted but do not predict a shift away from surgery when watchful waiting of...
Past studies have identified a "commission bias," a tendency to choose active treatment over watchful waiting, even when mortality rate is lower for waiting.Evaluation of risk probabilities is related...
The risk of a recurrent fragility fracture is high following a first fracture and higher still with more than one prior fracture. This study provides adjustments to FRAX-based fracture probabilities a...
Prior fractures increase subsequent fracture risk. The aim of this study was to quantify the effect of the number of prior fractures on the 10-year probability of fracture determined with FRAX®....
The study used data from the Reykjavik Study fracture register that documented prospectively all fractures at all skeletal sites in a large sample of the population of Iceland. Ten-year probabilities ...
Probability ratios to adjust 10-year FRAX probabilities of a hip fracture and MOF increased with the number of prior fractures but decreased with age in both men and women. Probability ratios were sim...
The probability ratios provide adjustments to conventional FRAX estimates of fracture probability according to the number of prior fractures....
Commonly used semiparametric estimators of causal effects specify parametric models for the propensity score (PS) and the conditional outcome. An example is an augmented inverse probability weighting ...
We present a Monte Carlo simulation model of an epidemic spread inspired on physics variables such as temperature, cross section and interaction range, which considers the Plank distribution of photon...
Even with the powerful statistical parameters derived from the Extreme Gradient Boost (XGB) algorithm, it would be advantageous to define the predicted accuracy to the level of a specific case, partic...
