{
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@graph": [
{
"@type": "MedicalWebPage",
"name": "Expérimentation humaine : Questions médicales les plus fréquentes",
"headline": "Expérimentation humaine : Comprendre les symptômes, diagnostics et traitements",
"description": "Guide complet et accessible sur les Expérimentation humaine : explications, diagnostics, traitements et prévention. Information médicale validée destinée aux patients.",
"datePublished": "2024-01-06",
"dateModified": "2025-03-31",
"inLanguage": "fr",
"medicalAudience": [
{
"@type": "MedicalAudience",
"name": "Grand public",
"audienceType": "Patient",
"healthCondition": {
"@type": "MedicalCondition",
"name": "Expérimentation humaine"
},
"suggestedMinAge": 18,
"suggestedGender": "unisex"
},
{
"@type": "MedicalAudience",
"name": "Médecins",
"audienceType": "Physician",
"geographicArea": {
"@type": "AdministrativeArea",
"name": "France"
}
},
{
"@type": "MedicalAudience",
"name": "Chercheurs",
"audienceType": "Researcher",
"geographicArea": {
"@type": "AdministrativeArea",
"name": "International"
}
}
],
"reviewedBy": {
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Dr Olivier Menir",
"jobTitle": "Expert en Médecine",
"description": "Expert en Médecine, Optimisation des Parcours de Soins et Révision Médicale",
"url": "/static/pages/docteur-olivier-menir.html",
"alumniOf": {
"@type": "EducationalOrganization",
"name": "Université Paris Descartes"
}
},
"isPartOf": {
"@type": "MedicalWebPage",
"name": "Recherche biomédicale",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D035843",
"about": {
"@type": "MedicalCondition",
"name": "Recherche biomédicale",
"code": {
"@type": "MedicalCode",
"code": "D035843",
"codingSystem": "MeSH"
},
"identifier": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "MeSH Tree",
"value": "H01.770.644.145"
}
}
},
"hasPart": [
{
"@type": "MedicalWebPage",
"name": "Expérimentation sur soi-même",
"alternateName": "Autoexperimentation",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D032762",
"about": {
"@type": "MedicalCondition",
"name": "Expérimentation sur soi-même",
"code": {
"@type": "MedicalCode",
"code": "D032762",
"codingSystem": "MeSH"
},
"identifier": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "MeSH Tree",
"value": "H01.770.644.145.365.100"
}
}
},
{
"@type": "MedicalWebPage",
"name": "Expérimentation humaine non thérapeutique",
"alternateName": "Nontherapeutic Human Experimentation",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D033281",
"about": {
"@type": "MedicalCondition",
"name": "Expérimentation humaine non thérapeutique",
"code": {
"@type": "MedicalCode",
"code": "D033281",
"codingSystem": "MeSH"
},
"identifier": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "MeSH Tree",
"value": "H01.770.644.145.365.750"
}
}
},
{
"@type": "MedicalWebPage",
"name": "Expérimentation thérapeutique humaine",
"alternateName": "Therapeutic Human Experimentation",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D036302",
"about": {
"@type": "MedicalCondition",
"name": "Expérimentation thérapeutique humaine",
"code": {
"@type": "MedicalCode",
"code": "D036302",
"codingSystem": "MeSH"
},
"identifier": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "MeSH Tree",
"value": "H01.770.644.145.365.875"
}
}
}
],
"about": {
"@type": "MedicalCondition",
"name": "Expérimentation humaine",
"alternateName": "Human Experimentation",
"code": {
"@type": "MedicalCode",
"code": "D006805",
"codingSystem": "MeSH"
}
},
"author": [
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Peter Pickkers",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/Peter%20Pickkers",
"affiliation": {
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Dept. of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. Electronic address: peter.pickkers@radboudumc.nl."
}
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Paul R Chapman",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/Paul%20R%20Chapman",
"affiliation": {
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Clinical Tropical Medicine, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia."
}
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Paul Giacomin",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/Paul%20Giacomin",
"affiliation": {
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia."
}
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Alex Loukas",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/Alex%20Loukas",
"affiliation": {
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia."
}
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "James S McCarthy",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/James%20S%20McCarthy",
"affiliation": {
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Clinical Tropical Medicine, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia."
}
}
],
"citation": [
{
"@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
"name": "A nomogram and risk classification system predicting esophageal stricture after endoscopic submucosal dissection of a large area for early esophageal cancer.",
"datePublished": "2022-12-19",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/36537007",
"identifier": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "DOI",
"value": "10.1002/jso.27172"
}
},
{
"@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
"name": "Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansion is Associated With Increased Utilization of Minimally Invasive Lung Resection for Early Stage Lung Cancer.",
"datePublished": "2022-11-07",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/36341749",
"identifier": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "DOI",
"value": "10.1177/00031348221138081"
}
},
{
"@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
"name": "Serum-derived piR-hsa-164586 of extracellular vesicles as a novel biomarker for early diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer.",
"datePublished": "2022-09-28",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/36249068",
"identifier": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "DOI",
"value": "10.3389/fonc.2022.850363"
}
},
{
"@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
"name": "The influence of body mass index on the tolerability and effectiveness of full-weight-based paclitaxel chemotherapy in women with early-stage breast cancer.",
"datePublished": "2022-08-16",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/35974240",
"identifier": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "DOI",
"value": "10.1007/s10549-022-06681-6"
}
},
{
"@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
"name": "The Role of Surgical Axillary Staging Prior to Immediate Breast Reconstruction in the Era of De-Escalation of Axillary Management in Early Breast Cancer.",
"datePublished": "2022-08-04",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/36013232",
"identifier": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "DOI",
"value": "10.3390/jpm12081283"
}
}
],
"breadcrumb": {
"@type": "BreadcrumbList",
"itemListElement": [
{
"@type": "ListItem",
"position": 1,
"name": "questionsmedicales.fr",
"item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr"
},
{
"@type": "ListItem",
"position": 2,
"name": "Disciplines des sciences naturelles",
"item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D010811"
},
{
"@type": "ListItem",
"position": 3,
"name": "Science",
"item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D012586"
},
{
"@type": "ListItem",
"position": 4,
"name": "Recherche",
"item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D012106"
},
{
"@type": "ListItem",
"position": 5,
"name": "Recherche biomédicale",
"item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D035843"
},
{
"@type": "ListItem",
"position": 6,
"name": "Expérimentation humaine",
"item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D006805"
}
]
}
},
{
"@type": "MedicalWebPage",
"name": "Article complet : Expérimentation humaine - Questions et réponses",
"headline": "Questions et réponses médicales fréquentes sur Expérimentation humaine",
"description": "Une compilation de questions et réponses structurées, validées par des experts médicaux.",
"datePublished": "2025-05-12",
"inLanguage": "fr",
"hasPart": [
{
"@type": "MedicalWebPage",
"name": "Diagnostic",
"headline": "Diagnostic sur Expérimentation humaine",
"description": "Comment évaluer la sécurité d'un essai clinique ?\nQuels tests sont utilisés pour les essais cliniques ?\nComment identifier les effets secondaires ?\nQu'est-ce qu'un groupe témoin ?\nComment sont définis les critères d'inclusion ?",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D006805?mesh_terms=Early+Detection+of+Cancer&page=1000#section-diagnostic"
},
{
"@type": "MedicalWebPage",
"name": "Symptômes",
"headline": "Symptômes sur Expérimentation humaine",
"description": "Quels symptômes surveiller lors d'un essai ?\nComment signaler un effet indésirable ?\nLes symptômes peuvent-ils varier selon les groupes ?\nQuels sont les symptômes courants des essais ?\nComment évaluer l'impact des symptômes ?",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D006805?mesh_terms=Early+Detection+of+Cancer&page=1000#section-symptômes"
},
{
"@type": "MedicalWebPage",
"name": "Prévention",
"headline": "Prévention sur Expérimentation humaine",
"description": "Comment prévenir les effets indésirables ?\nQuelles sont les mesures de sécurité en essais ?\nComment informer les participants des risques ?\nQuelles sont les recommandations pour les participants ?\nComment évaluer la prévention dans les essais ?",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D006805?mesh_terms=Early+Detection+of+Cancer&page=1000#section-prévention"
},
{
"@type": "MedicalWebPage",
"name": "Traitements",
"headline": "Traitements sur Expérimentation humaine",
"description": "Quels types de traitements sont testés ?\nComment sont administrés les traitements ?\nQu'est-ce qu'un traitement de contrôle ?\nComment évaluer l'efficacité d'un traitement ?\nLes traitements sont-ils personnalisés ?",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D006805?mesh_terms=Early+Detection+of+Cancer&page=1000#section-traitements"
},
{
"@type": "MedicalWebPage",
"name": "Complications",
"headline": "Complications sur Expérimentation humaine",
"description": "Quelles complications peuvent survenir ?\nComment gérer les complications pendant un essai ?\nLes complications sont-elles documentées ?\nComment prévenir les complications graves ?\nQuelles sont les conséquences des complications ?",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D006805?mesh_terms=Early+Detection+of+Cancer&page=1000#section-complications"
},
{
"@type": "MedicalWebPage",
"name": "Facteurs de risque",
"headline": "Facteurs de risque sur Expérimentation humaine",
"description": "Quels sont les facteurs de risque pour les essais ?\nComment évaluer les facteurs de risque ?\nLes facteurs de risque varient-ils selon les traitements ?\nComment minimiser les facteurs de risque ?\nLes facteurs de risque sont-ils communiqués aux participants ?",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D006805?mesh_terms=Early+Detection+of+Cancer&page=1000#section-facteurs de risque"
}
]
},
{
"@type": "FAQPage",
"mainEntity": [
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment évaluer la sécurité d'un essai clinique ?",
"position": 1,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "La sécurité est évaluée par des comités d'éthique et des protocoles rigoureux."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels tests sont utilisés pour les essais cliniques ?",
"position": 2,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Des tests cliniques, biologiques et d'imagerie sont utilisés pour évaluer les effets."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment identifier les effets secondaires ?",
"position": 3,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les effets secondaires sont identifiés par la surveillance des participants et des rapports."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Qu'est-ce qu'un groupe témoin ?",
"position": 4,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Un groupe témoin est un groupe de participants qui ne reçoit pas le traitement testé."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment sont définis les critères d'inclusion ?",
"position": 5,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les critères d'inclusion sont définis par des caractéristiques spécifiques des participants."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels symptômes surveiller lors d'un essai ?",
"position": 6,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les symptômes à surveiller incluent la douleur, la fatigue et les réactions allergiques."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment signaler un effet indésirable ?",
"position": 7,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les participants doivent signaler tout effet indésirable à l'équipe de recherche immédiatement."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les symptômes peuvent-ils varier selon les groupes ?",
"position": 8,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, les symptômes peuvent varier selon le groupe de traitement et les caractéristiques des participants."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels sont les symptômes courants des essais ?",
"position": 9,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les symptômes courants incluent des nausées, des maux de tête et des réactions cutanées."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment évaluer l'impact des symptômes ?",
"position": 10,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "L'impact est évalué par des questionnaires et des échelles de mesure standardisées."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment prévenir les effets indésirables ?",
"position": 11,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "La prévention inclut une sélection rigoureuse des participants et une surveillance étroite."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quelles sont les mesures de sécurité en essais ?",
"position": 12,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les mesures incluent des consentements éclairés, des évaluations de risques et des protocoles stricts."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment informer les participants des risques ?",
"position": 13,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les participants reçoivent des informations détaillées lors du processus de consentement éclairé."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quelles sont les recommandations pour les participants ?",
"position": 14,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les participants doivent suivre les instructions de l'étude et signaler tout problème de santé."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment évaluer la prévention dans les essais ?",
"position": 15,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "L'évaluation se fait par des études de suivi et des analyses des données de sécurité."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels types de traitements sont testés ?",
"position": 16,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les traitements peuvent inclure des médicaments, des thérapies physiques ou des interventions chirurgicales."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment sont administrés les traitements ?",
"position": 17,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les traitements peuvent être administrés par voie orale, intraveineuse ou topique selon l'étude."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Qu'est-ce qu'un traitement de contrôle ?",
"position": 18,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Un traitement de contrôle est un traitement standard utilisé pour comparer l'efficacité."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment évaluer l'efficacité d'un traitement ?",
"position": 19,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "L'efficacité est évaluée par des mesures cliniques et des résultats rapportés par les patients."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les traitements sont-ils personnalisés ?",
"position": 20,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, certains essais cliniques testent des traitements personnalisés basés sur le profil génétique."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quelles complications peuvent survenir ?",
"position": 21,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les complications peuvent inclure des infections, des réactions allergiques ou des effets graves."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment gérer les complications pendant un essai ?",
"position": 22,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les complications sont gérées par des protocoles d'urgence et des soins médicaux appropriés."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les complications sont-elles documentées ?",
"position": 23,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, toutes les complications doivent être documentées dans les rapports d'étude."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment prévenir les complications graves ?",
"position": 24,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "La prévention passe par une évaluation rigoureuse des participants et un suivi constant."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quelles sont les conséquences des complications ?",
"position": 25,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les conséquences peuvent inclure l'arrêt de l'essai, des soins médicaux supplémentaires ou des poursuites."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels sont les facteurs de risque pour les essais ?",
"position": 26,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les facteurs de risque incluent l'âge, les antécédents médicaux et les comorbidités."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment évaluer les facteurs de risque ?",
"position": 27,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les facteurs de risque sont évalués par des questionnaires et des examens médicaux."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les facteurs de risque varient-ils selon les traitements ?",
"position": 28,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, les facteurs de risque peuvent varier selon le type de traitement et la population étudiée."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment minimiser les facteurs de risque ?",
"position": 29,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "La minimisation passe par une sélection rigoureuse des participants et des protocoles adaptés."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les facteurs de risque sont-ils communiqués aux participants ?",
"position": 30,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, les participants sont informés des facteurs de risque lors du consentement éclairé."
}
}
]
}
]
}
Esophageal stricture is a troublesome adverse effect of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early esophageal cancer. However, risk factors of post-ESD esophageal stricture formation are incompr...
Patients who underwent ESD for early esophageal cancer between 2014 and 2021 at the Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, were recruited. A nomogram and risk classification system w...
Stricture formed in 36 patients, while stricture was not observed in the remaining 112 patients. Operative time (odds ratio [OR]: 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00-1.01; p < 0.01); lesions >3/4...
We developed a nomogram and risk stratification system to predict post-ESD esophageal stricture using three independent risk factors....
Minimally invasive lung resection (MILR) is underutilized in the United States. Under the Affordable Care Act (ACA), 39 states adopted Medicaid expansion, while 12 did not. Although Medicaid expansion...
The National Cancer Database was queried for adult patients from 2010 to 2018 with cT1/2N0M0 non-small cell lung cancer who received surgical resection by wedge, segmentectomy, or lobectomy. Patients ...
There were 41,439 patients who met inclusion criteria: 20,446 (49.3%) in expansion states and 20,993 (50.7%) in non-expansion states. Multivariable DID analysis showed that Medicaid expansion was asso...
Although Medicaid expansion was associated with increased utilization of MILR for early stage lung cancer, the treatment effect was modest. This suggests that barriers in access to MILR are larger tha...
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a major cause of death in those with malignant tumors. To achieve the early diagnosis of NSCLC, we investigated serum-derived Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) of extr...
To investigate the influence of body mass index (BMI) on the tolerability and effectiveness of full-weight-based paclitaxel chemotherapy in early breast cancer patients....
Early-stage breast cancer patients who received (neo)adjuvant weekly paclitaxel 80 mg/m...
Four hundred (400) patients were included in this study; 200 (50%) lean, 125 (31%) overweight, and 75 (19%) obese patients. The adjusted odds ratio to receive RDI < 85% for BMI was 1.02 (p value, .263...
BMI did not significantly influence the tolerability and effectiveness of full-weight-based paclitaxel chemotherapy. Therefore, the results of this study align with current guideline recommendations o...
Postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) following immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) is associated with postoperative complications. Although the incidence of node-positive breast cancer is declining, a...
During RT cycles, the tumor response pattern could affect tumor coverage and may lead to organs at risk of overdose. As such, early prediction of significant volumetric changes could therefore reduce ...
CBCT images from 40 HN cancer patients were collected weekly during RT treatment. From the obtained images, the Clinical Target Volume (CTV) and Parotid Glands (PG) regions of interest were utilized t...
The proposed framework was able to achieve 0.90 classification performance accuracy while detecting a small subset of discriminative characteristics from the 1st week of RT. The selected features were...
The use of machine learning algorithms offers promising perspectives for fast and reliable early prediction of large volumetric deviations as a result of RT treatment, exploiting hidden patterns in th...
The value of the lymphocyte-to-C-reactive protein (CRP) ratio (LCR) in early breast cancer (BC) is unclear. We explored the correlation between the LCR and survival of patients with early BC and estab...
In this retrospective study, we randomized 623 patients with early-stage BC diagnosed in December 2010 to October 2012 at the Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center to training and verification datasets...
The LCR, lymphatic vessel invasion (LVI), progesterone receptor (PR) status, and Ki67 index were independent prognostic factors of OS. And the LCR and LVI are associated to DFS too. High LCR was assoc...
The LCR was a significant prognostic predictor of OS and DFS in early BC. The LCR-based prognostic signatures could be a useful tool for individualized therapeutic guidance....
Quantitative depth estimation of tumor invasion in early gastric cancer by scattering of circularly polarized light is computationally investigated using the Monte Carlo method. Using the optical para...
Metabolic reprogramming is now characterized as one of the core hallmarks of cancer, and it has already been shown that the altered genomic profile of metabolically rewired cancer cells can give valua...
We first developed and analytically validated highly sensitive RT-qPCR assays for the quantification of...
An overexpression of MRGs was observed at a high frequency in the CTCs isolated from early NSCLC patients, thereby supporting the role of MRGs in metastatic processes. The glycolytic and mesenchymal s...
Individuals with prolonged or frequent episodes account for a disproportionate share of the burden of depression. However, there are surprisingly few data on whether individuals at risk for developing...