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"description": "Comment évaluer la taille de la pupille ?\nQuelles anomalies pupillaires peuvent indiquer une maladie ?\nQuel test évalue la réactivité de la pupille ?\nComment détecter un réflexe pupillaire ?\nQuels outils sont utilisés pour examiner la pupille ?",
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"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment évaluer la taille de la pupille ?",
"position": 1,
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"text": "La taille de la pupille est mesurée en millimètres à l'aide d'un ophtalmoscope."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quelles anomalies pupillaires peuvent indiquer une maladie ?",
"position": 2,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Des pupilles asymétriques ou non réactives peuvent signaler des troubles neurologiques."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quel test évalue la réactivité de la pupille ?",
"position": 3,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Le test de la lumière évalue la réactivité de la pupille à la lumière."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment détecter un réflexe pupillaire ?",
"position": 4,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "On observe la contraction de la pupille en réponse à la lumière ou à un objet proche."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels outils sont utilisés pour examiner la pupille ?",
"position": 5,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Un ophtalmoscope et une lampe à fente sont couramment utilisés pour cet examen."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels symptômes indiquent une dilatation anormale de la pupille ?",
"position": 6,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Une dilatation anormale peut être accompagnée de maux de tête ou de vision floue."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Que signifie une pupille réactive à la lumière ?",
"position": 7,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Une pupille réactive indique un bon fonctionnement du nerf optique et du système nerveux."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels signes peuvent indiquer une pupille non réactive ?",
"position": 8,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Une pupille non réactive peut signaler une lésion cérébrale ou une intoxication."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment la douleur oculaire affecte-t-elle la pupille ?",
"position": 9,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "La douleur oculaire peut entraîner une constriction ou une dilatation de la pupille."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels symptômes accompagnent une anisocorie ?",
"position": 10,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "L'anisocorie peut s'accompagner de vision double ou de maux de tête."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment prévenir les troubles pupillaires ?",
"position": 11,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Évitez les traumatismes oculaires et consultez régulièrement un ophtalmologiste."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels examens réguliers sont recommandés ?",
"position": 12,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Des examens ophtalmologiques réguliers aident à détecter précocement les anomalies pupillaires."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment protéger les yeux des UV ?",
"position": 13,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Portez des lunettes de soleil avec protection UV pour prévenir les dommages oculaires."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels aliments favorisent la santé des yeux ?",
"position": 14,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les légumes à feuilles vertes, les carottes et les poissons gras sont bénéfiques pour les yeux."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment éviter la fatigue oculaire ?",
"position": 15,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Faites des pauses régulières lors de l'utilisation d'écrans pour réduire la fatigue oculaire."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment traiter une pupille dilatée ?",
"position": 16,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Le traitement dépend de la cause sous-jacente, comme des médicaments ou une intervention chirurgicale."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels médicaments affectent la taille de la pupille ?",
"position": 17,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Des médicaments comme les mydriatiques peuvent provoquer une dilatation de la pupille."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quand une intervention chirurgicale est-elle nécessaire ?",
"position": 18,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Une chirurgie peut être nécessaire en cas de traumatisme ou de maladies oculaires graves."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment traiter une pupille non réactive ?",
"position": 19,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Le traitement vise à traiter la cause, comme une infection ou une lésion cérébrale."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels remèdes naturels peuvent aider la santé des yeux ?",
"position": 20,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Des compléments comme la lutéine et des aliments riches en antioxydants peuvent être bénéfiques."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quelles complications peuvent survenir avec une pupille non réactive ?",
"position": 21,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Des complications neurologiques graves peuvent survenir, nécessitant une attention médicale urgente."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment une infection peut-elle affecter la pupille ?",
"position": 22,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Une infection oculaire peut entraîner une inflammation et des changements dans la taille de la pupille."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels risques sont associés à une chirurgie de la pupille ?",
"position": 23,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les risques incluent l'infection, les saignements et des complications de la vision."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment une lésion cérébrale affecte-t-elle la pupille ?",
"position": 24,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Une lésion cérébrale peut provoquer des changements dans la réactivité et la taille de la pupille."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels effets secondaires des médicaments peuvent affecter la pupille ?",
"position": 25,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Certains médicaments peuvent provoquer une dilatation ou une constriction anormale de la pupille."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels facteurs augmentent le risque de troubles pupillaires ?",
"position": 26,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les antécédents familiaux, les traumatismes oculaires et certaines maladies neurologiques augmentent le risque."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment le stress affecte-t-il la pupille ?",
"position": 27,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Le stress peut provoquer une dilatation temporaire de la pupille en raison de la réponse au stress."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels médicaments sont des facteurs de risque pour la pupille ?",
"position": 28,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les médicaments comme les antidépresseurs et les mydriatiques peuvent affecter la pupille."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quel rôle joue l'âge dans la santé de la pupille ?",
"position": 29,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Avec l'âge, la réactivité de la pupille peut diminuer, augmentant le risque de troubles."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment les maladies systémiques influencent-elles la pupille ?",
"position": 30,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Des maladies comme le diabète peuvent affecter la santé des nerfs oculaires et la pupille."
}
}
]
}
]
}
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a parasomnia that occurs during REM sleep, characterized by REM sleep without atonia (RSWA) and dream enactment behavior (DEB). RBD is associa...
Recent research recognizes RBD as a prodromal marker of PD, resulting in expansion of basic science and clinical investigations of RBD. Current basic science research investigates the pathophysiology ...
Isolated rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) is considered as a prodromal stage of either multiple system atrophy (MSA) or Lewy body disease (LBD; Parkinson's disease and dementia ...
Forty patients with iRBD were enrolled between April 2018 and October 2019 and prospectively followed every 3 months to determine phenoconversion to either MSA or LBD. Plasma NfL levels were measured ...
Patients were followed for a median of 2.92 years. Four patients converted to MSA and 7 to LBD. Plasma NfL level at baseline was significantly higher in future MSA-converters (median 23.2 pg/mL) when ...
Plasma NfL and cardiac MIBG uptake may be useful biomarkers in predicting phenoconversion of iRBD. Elevated plasma NfL levels may suggest imminent phenoconversion to MSA, whereas low cardiac MIBG upta...
In this study, we aimed to investigate changes in the total cerebellar volume, subdivisions of the cerebellar volume, and intrinsic cerebellar network in patients with isolated rapid eye movement (REM...
We enrolled patients with newly diagnosed iRBD and healthy controls who had no structural lesions according to their brain MRI. All participants underwent three-dimensional T1-weighted imaging. We obt...
In total, we enrolled 43 patients with iRBD and 47 healthy controls. Total cerebellar volume in patients with iRBD was lower than that in the healthy controls (8.4637 vs. 9.0863%, p = 0.0001). There w...
We found decreased total cerebellar volumes and subdivisions of the cerebellar volume, particularly in the right and left lobule VIIB, in patients with iRBD compared to healthy controls. The present r...
To determine the clinical markers based on cognitive and motor profiles in predicting phenoconverion and phenotype in isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD)....
45 iRBD patients and 25 healthy controls were included in the follow-up study. All participates received comprehensive evaluations of cognitive, motor and autonomic function at baseline. Positive phen...
21 iRBD patients displayed phenoconversion in a mean follow-up of 2.9 ± 1.6 years, with 14 presenting motor phenotype and 7 cognitive phenotype. In iRBD, visuospatial, memory, attention-executive func...
In iRBD, the attention-executive and motor function served as optimum combined markers in predicting phenoconversion and motor phenotype, whereas the attention-executive function performed best in pre...
Real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) assay detects misfolded α-synuclein (AS) in the skin and CSF of patients with the synucleinopathies Parkinson disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Isol...
This was a cross-sectional study where consecutive patients with polysomnographic-confirmed IRBD and age-matched controls without RBD underwent skin biopsy and lumbar puncture the same day. Three-mill...
We recruited 91 patients with IRBD and 41 controls. In the skin, sensitivity to detect AS was 76.9% (95% CI 66.9-85.1), specificity 97.6% (95% CI 87.1-99.9) positive predictive value 98.6% (95% CI 91....
Our study in IRBD shows that (1) RT-QuIC detects AS in the skin and CSF with similar high sensitivity, specificity, and agreement, (2) AS RT-QuIC positivity is associated with supportive features and ...
This study provides Class III evidence that RT-QuIC-detected AS in the skin and CSF distinguishes patients with IRBD from controls....
This study aimed to correlate REM sleep without atonia (RSWA) and neuropsychological data in patients with idiopathic/isolated REM sleep behaviour disorder (iRBD) and those with RBD associated with Pa...
Previous studies have shown that rapid eye movement sleep without atonia during polysomnography can predict the risk of phenoconversion to neurodegenerative disease in patients with isolated rapid eye...
To evaluate the prevalence of REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) and its possible prodromal conditions, isolated dream enactment behavior (DEB) and isolated REM without atonia (RWA), in a general popul...
From a population-based prospective cohort in Korea, 1,075 participants (age 60.1 ± 7.0 years; range 50-80 years; men 53.7%) completed the RBD screening questionnaire (RBDSQ), a structured telephone i...
RBD was diagnosed in 20 participants, isolated RWA in 133 participants, and isolated DEB in 48 participants. Sex and DEB frequency-adjusted prevalence of RBD was 1.4% (95% CI 1.0%-1.8%), isolated RWA ...
This study provides prevalence estimates of RBD and its possible prodromal conditions based on a structured telephone interview and RWA measurement on PSG from the general population....
Rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD), enactment of dreams during REM sleep, is an early clinical symptom of alpha-synucleinopathies and defines a more severe subtype. The genetic bac...
The microbiota-gut-brain axis has been suggested to play an important role in Parkinson's disease (PD). Here we performed a cross-sectional study to profile gut microbiota across early PD, REM sleep b...