questionsmedicales.fr
Administration des services de santé
Organisation et administration
Gestion du risque
Gestion du risque : Questions médicales fréquentes
Termes MeSH sélectionnés :
Diagnostic
5
Gestion des risques
Évaluation des risques
Indicateurs de santé
Infections nosocomiales
Analyse de risque
Gestion des risques
Interactions médicamenteuses
Antécédents médicaux
Retour d'expérience
Sécurité des patients
Symptômes
5
Symptômes
Douleur thoracique
Réaction indésirable
Eruptions cutanées
Erreur médicamenteuse
Nausées
Complications post-opératoires
Saignement
Prévention
5
Hygiène hospitalière
Sécurité des patients
Sensibilisation
Formations
Engagement des patients
Prévention des risques
Infections nosocomiales
Désinfection
Prévention des chutes
Évaluation des risques
Traitements
5
Protocoles de traitement
Formation du personnel
Erreurs de médication
Complications
Chirurgie
Check-lists préopératoires
Communication des risques
Information des patients
Efficacité des traitements
Résultats cliniques
Complications
5
Complications chirurgicales
Infections
Gestion des complications
Ajustement des traitements
Complications graves
État général
Prévention des complications
Soins post-opératoires
Erreurs de médication
Réactions allergiques
Facteurs de risque
5
Facteurs de risque
Infections
Facteurs de risque cardiovasculaires
Hypertension
Comportements à risque
Mauvaise alimentation
Facteurs de risque psychologiques
Anxiété
Facteurs de risque liés à l'âge
Maladies chroniques
{
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@graph": [
{
"@type": "MedicalWebPage",
"name": "Gestion du risque : Questions médicales les plus fréquentes",
"headline": "Gestion du risque : Comprendre les symptômes, diagnostics et traitements",
"description": "Guide complet et accessible sur les Gestion du risque : explications, diagnostics, traitements et prévention. Information médicale validée destinée aux patients.",
"datePublished": "2024-02-14",
"dateModified": "2025-05-09",
"inLanguage": "fr",
"medicalAudience": [
{
"@type": "MedicalAudience",
"name": "Grand public",
"audienceType": "Patient",
"healthCondition": {
"@type": "MedicalCondition",
"name": "Gestion du risque"
},
"suggestedMinAge": 18,
"suggestedGender": "unisex"
},
{
"@type": "MedicalAudience",
"name": "Médecins",
"audienceType": "Physician",
"geographicArea": {
"@type": "AdministrativeArea",
"name": "France"
}
},
{
"@type": "MedicalAudience",
"name": "Chercheurs",
"audienceType": "Researcher",
"geographicArea": {
"@type": "AdministrativeArea",
"name": "International"
}
}
],
"reviewedBy": {
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Dr Olivier Menir",
"jobTitle": "Expert en Médecine",
"description": "Expert en Médecine, Optimisation des Parcours de Soins et Révision Médicale",
"url": "/static/pages/docteur-olivier-menir.html",
"alumniOf": {
"@type": "EducationalOrganization",
"name": "Université Paris Descartes"
}
},
"isPartOf": {
"@type": "MedicalWebPage",
"name": "Organisation et administration",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D009934",
"about": {
"@type": "MedicalCondition",
"name": "Organisation et administration",
"code": {
"@type": "MedicalCode",
"code": "D009934",
"codingSystem": "MeSH"
},
"identifier": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "MeSH Tree",
"value": "N04.452"
}
}
},
"hasPart": [
{
"@type": "MedicalWebPage",
"name": "Participation aux risques financiers",
"alternateName": "Risk Sharing, Financial",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D020414",
"about": {
"@type": "MedicalCondition",
"name": "Participation aux risques financiers",
"code": {
"@type": "MedicalCode",
"code": "D020414",
"codingSystem": "MeSH"
},
"identifier": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "MeSH Tree",
"value": "N04.452.871.800"
}
}
}
],
"about": {
"@type": "MedicalCondition",
"name": "Gestion du risque",
"alternateName": "Risk Management",
"code": {
"@type": "MedicalCode",
"code": "D012308",
"codingSystem": "MeSH"
}
},
"author": [
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Hal S Wortzel",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/Hal%20S%20Wortzel",
"affiliation": {
"@type": "Organization",
"name": ""
}
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Sean M Barnes",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/Sean%20M%20Barnes",
"affiliation": {
"@type": "Organization",
"name": ""
}
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Bridget B Matarazzo",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/Bridget%20B%20Matarazzo",
"affiliation": {
"@type": "Organization",
"name": ""
}
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "None None",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/None%20None",
"affiliation": {
"@type": "Organization",
"name": ""
}
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Sarra Nazem",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/Sarra%20Nazem",
"affiliation": {
"@type": "Organization",
"name": ""
}
}
],
"citation": [
{
"@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
"name": "Sensory and motor correlates of frailty: dissociation between frailty phenotype and frailty index.",
"datePublished": "2022-09-15",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/36109693",
"identifier": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "DOI",
"value": "10.1186/s12877-022-03416-6"
}
},
{
"@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
"name": "The Japan Frailty Scale is a promising screening test for frailty and pre-frailty in Japanese elderly people.",
"datePublished": "2022-08-22",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/36007804",
"identifier": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "DOI",
"value": "10.1016/j.gene.2022.146775"
}
},
{
"@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
"name": "Vascular frailty, a proposal for new frailty type: A narrative review.",
"datePublished": "2023-03-03",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/36866657",
"identifier": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "DOI",
"value": "10.1002/kjm2.12664"
}
},
{
"@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
"name": "Frailty repels the knife: The impact of frailty index on surgical intervention and outcomes.",
"datePublished": "2022-05-20",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/35599168",
"identifier": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "DOI",
"value": "10.1016/j.ygyno.2022.05.009"
}
},
{
"@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
"name": "Midlife Life's Simple 7, Psychosocial Health, and Physical Frailty, Hospital Frailty, and Comprehensive Frailty 10 Years Later.",
"datePublished": "2023-05-22",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/37242295",
"identifier": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "DOI",
"value": "10.3390/nu15102412"
}
}
],
"breadcrumb": {
"@type": "BreadcrumbList",
"itemListElement": [
{
"@type": "ListItem",
"position": 1,
"name": "questionsmedicales.fr",
"item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr"
},
{
"@type": "ListItem",
"position": 2,
"name": "Administration des services de santé",
"item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D006298"
},
{
"@type": "ListItem",
"position": 3,
"name": "Organisation et administration",
"item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D009934"
},
{
"@type": "ListItem",
"position": 4,
"name": "Gestion du risque",
"item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D012308"
}
]
}
},
{
"@type": "MedicalWebPage",
"name": "Article complet : Gestion du risque - Questions et réponses",
"headline": "Questions et réponses médicales fréquentes sur Gestion du risque",
"description": "Une compilation de questions et réponses structurées, validées par des experts médicaux.",
"datePublished": "2025-05-14",
"inLanguage": "fr",
"hasPart": [
{
"@type": "MedicalWebPage",
"name": "Diagnostic",
"headline": "Diagnostic sur Gestion du risque",
"description": "Comment évaluer les risques en milieu hospitalier ?\nQuels indicateurs de risque surveiller ?\nQu'est-ce qu'une analyse de risque ?\nComment identifier les risques liés aux traitements ?\nQuel rôle joue le retour d'expérience ?",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D012308?mesh_terms=Frailty#section-diagnostic"
},
{
"@type": "MedicalWebPage",
"name": "Symptômes",
"headline": "Symptômes sur Gestion du risque",
"description": "Quels symptômes signalent un risque accru ?\nComment reconnaître une réaction indésirable ?\nQuels signes d'infection surveiller ?\nQuels symptômes d'une erreur médicamenteuse ?\nComment détecter une complication post-opératoire ?",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D012308?mesh_terms=Frailty#section-symptômes"
},
{
"@type": "MedicalWebPage",
"name": "Prévention",
"headline": "Prévention sur Gestion du risque",
"description": "Quelles mesures préventives en milieu hospitalier ?\nComment sensibiliser le personnel aux risques ?\nQuel rôle des patients dans la prévention des risques ?\nComment prévenir les infections nosocomiales ?\nQuelles sont les stratégies de prévention des chutes ?",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D012308?mesh_terms=Frailty#section-prévention"
},
{
"@type": "MedicalWebPage",
"name": "Traitements",
"headline": "Traitements sur Gestion du risque",
"description": "Comment minimiser les risques lors des traitements ?\nQuel est l'impact des erreurs de médication ?\nComment gérer les risques liés à la chirurgie ?\nQuelles sont les stratégies de communication des risques ?\nComment évaluer l'efficacité des traitements ?",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D012308?mesh_terms=Frailty#section-traitements"
},
{
"@type": "MedicalWebPage",
"name": "Complications",
"headline": "Complications sur Gestion du risque",
"description": "Quelles complications peuvent survenir après une chirurgie ?\nComment gérer les complications liées aux traitements ?\nQuels sont les signes d'une complication grave ?\nComment prévenir les complications post-opératoires ?\nQuelles sont les complications des erreurs de médication ?",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D012308?mesh_terms=Frailty#section-complications"
},
{
"@type": "MedicalWebPage",
"name": "Facteurs de risque",
"headline": "Facteurs de risque sur Gestion du risque",
"description": "Quels sont les facteurs de risque pour les infections ?\nComment identifier les facteurs de risque cardiovasculaires ?\nQuels comportements augmentent les risques de complications ?\nComment évaluer les facteurs de risque psychologiques ?\nQuels sont les facteurs de risque liés à l'âge ?",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D012308?mesh_terms=Frailty#section-facteurs de risque"
}
]
},
{
"@type": "FAQPage",
"mainEntity": [
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment évaluer les risques en milieu hospitalier ?",
"position": 1,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Utiliser des outils d'analyse des risques et des audits réguliers."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels indicateurs de risque surveiller ?",
"position": 2,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Surveiller les infections nosocomiales, les erreurs médicamenteuses et les chutes."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Qu'est-ce qu'une analyse de risque ?",
"position": 3,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "C'est un processus systématique pour identifier et évaluer les risques potentiels."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment identifier les risques liés aux traitements ?",
"position": 4,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Évaluer les antécédents médicaux et les interactions médicamenteuses."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quel rôle joue le retour d'expérience ?",
"position": 5,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Il permet d'apprendre des incidents passés pour améliorer la sécurité."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels symptômes signalent un risque accru ?",
"position": 6,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Symptômes tels que douleur thoracique, essoufflement ou confusion."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment reconnaître une réaction indésirable ?",
"position": 7,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Surveiller des signes comme éruptions cutanées ou gonflements après un traitement."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels signes d'infection surveiller ?",
"position": 8,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Fièvre, rougeur, gonflement ou écoulement au site d'intervention."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels symptômes d'une erreur médicamenteuse ?",
"position": 9,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Nausées, vertiges ou changements d'état mental après la médication."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment détecter une complication post-opératoire ?",
"position": 10,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Surveiller des signes comme douleur intense, fièvre ou saignement."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quelles mesures préventives en milieu hospitalier ?",
"position": 11,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Mettre en place des protocoles d'hygiène et de sécurité des patients."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment sensibiliser le personnel aux risques ?",
"position": 12,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Organiser des formations régulières et des simulations de situations à risque."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quel rôle des patients dans la prévention des risques ?",
"position": 13,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les patients doivent être informés et impliqués dans leur propre soin."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment prévenir les infections nosocomiales ?",
"position": 14,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Appliquer des protocoles stricts de désinfection et de stérilisation."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quelles sont les stratégies de prévention des chutes ?",
"position": 15,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Évaluer les risques individuels et adapter l'environnement des patients."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment minimiser les risques lors des traitements ?",
"position": 16,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Utiliser des protocoles standardisés et former le personnel médical."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quel est l'impact des erreurs de médication ?",
"position": 17,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Elles peuvent entraîner des complications graves et prolonger l'hospitalisation."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment gérer les risques liés à la chirurgie ?",
"position": 18,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Évaluer les antécédents du patient et suivre des check-lists préopératoires."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quelles sont les stratégies de communication des risques ?",
"position": 19,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Informer les patients des risques et bénéfices des traitements proposés."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment évaluer l'efficacité des traitements ?",
"position": 20,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Utiliser des indicateurs de résultats cliniques et des retours des patients."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quelles complications peuvent survenir après une chirurgie ?",
"position": 21,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Infections, saignements, thromboses ou complications respiratoires."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment gérer les complications liées aux traitements ?",
"position": 22,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Surveiller les patients et ajuster les traitements en fonction des symptômes."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels sont les signes d'une complication grave ?",
"position": 23,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Douleur intense, fièvre élevée ou détérioration rapide de l'état général."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment prévenir les complications post-opératoires ?",
"position": 24,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Suivre des protocoles de soins post-opératoires et surveiller les patients."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quelles sont les complications des erreurs de médication ?",
"position": 25,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Réactions allergiques, surdosage ou échec thérapeutique."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels sont les facteurs de risque pour les infections ?",
"position": 26,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Âge avancé, immunodépression et interventions chirurgicales récentes."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment identifier les facteurs de risque cardiovasculaires ?",
"position": 27,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Évaluer l'hypertension, le diabète, le tabagisme et l'hypercholestérolémie."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels comportements augmentent les risques de complications ?",
"position": 28,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Tabagisme, sédentarité et mauvaise alimentation sont des comportements à risque."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment évaluer les facteurs de risque psychologiques ?",
"position": 29,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Considérer l'anxiété, la dépression et le stress dans l'évaluation globale."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels sont les facteurs de risque liés à l'âge ?",
"position": 30,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "L'âge avancé augmente le risque de maladies chroniques et de complications."
}
}
]
}
]
}
Expert en Médecine, Optimisation des Parcours de Soins et Révision Médicale
Validation scientifique effectuée le 09/05/2025
Contenu vérifié selon les dernières recommandations médicales
4 publications dans cette catégorie
Publications dans "Gestion du risque" :
4 publications dans cette catégorie
Publications dans "Gestion du risque" :
4 publications dans cette catégorie
Publications dans "Gestion du risque" :
4 publications dans cette catégorie
Publications dans "Gestion du risque" :
3 publications dans cette catégorie
Publications dans "Gestion du risque" :
2 publications dans cette catégorie
Affiliations :
Department of Pharmacy, World University of Bangladesh, Bangladesh.
Publications dans "Gestion du risque" :
2 publications dans cette catégorie
Publications dans "Gestion du risque" :
2 publications dans cette catégorie
Publications dans "Gestion du risque" :
2 publications dans cette catégorie
Publications dans "Gestion du risque" :
2 publications dans cette catégorie
Publications dans "Gestion du risque" :
2 publications dans cette catégorie
Publications dans "Gestion du risque" :
2 publications dans cette catégorie
Publications dans "Gestion du risque" :
2 publications dans cette catégorie
Publications dans "Gestion du risque" :
2 publications dans cette catégorie
Affiliations :
Ms. Vanderpool is Director of Risk Management at Professional Risk Management Services (PRMS).
Publications dans "Gestion du risque" :
1 publication dans cette catégorie
Affiliations :
Risk Management Department, Maccabi HMO.
Publications dans "Gestion du risque" :
1 publication dans cette catégorie
Affiliations :
Risk Management Department, Maccabi HMO.
Publications dans "Gestion du risque" :
1 publication dans cette catégorie
Affiliations :
Risk Management Department, Maccabi HMO.
Publications dans "Gestion du risque" :
1 publication dans cette catégorie
Affiliations :
Risk Management Department, Maccabi HMO.
Publications dans "Gestion du risque" :
1 publication dans cette catégorie
Affiliations :
MedStar Georgetown University Hospital.
Publications dans "Gestion du risque" :
1 publication dans cette catégorie
Publications dans "Gestion du risque" :
Frailty has been associated with a decline in sensory and motor function. However, given that different frailty measures were shown to overlap but also differ in their diagnostic properties, sensory a...
Data from 44 pre-frail and frail subjects aged 65 and above were used. Frailty was measured using the FP and the FI. Sensory function in the visual, auditory, and tactile domain was assessed using vis...
The frailty measures were moderately correlated (0.497, p ≤ 0.01) and had a Kappa agreement of 0.467 (p = 0.002). Using the FP, frailty was significantly associated with reduced upper extremity motor ...
Frailty is related to reduced performance in measures of sensory and motor function. However, traditional measures of frailty might be differentially sensitive to capture sensory and motor decline, po...
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03666039 . Registered 11 September 2018 - Retrospectively registered....
Frailty is one of the most important problems in a super-aged society. It is necessary to identify frailty quickly and easily at the bedside. We developed a simple patient-reported frailty screening s...
Frailty is the incremental accumulation of minute defects that progressively impair health and performance. Frailty is commonly observed in older adults; however, secondary frailty may also occur in p...
To assess the impact of frailty in patients with ovarian cancer on surgical procedures and outcomes....
A retrospective review of patients with stage II-IV ovarian cancer from April 2013 to September 2017 was performed. Patients were triaged by laparoscopy to determine primary resectability. The adjuste...
592 patients met inclusion criteria; amFI of 0, 1 and ≥ 2 was noted in 57%, 29%, and 14%, respectively. Patients with high frailty were less likely to be offered laparoscopic assessment for primary su...
Postoperative morbidity, PFS, and OS were worse in patients with high frailty scores. Quantification of frailty may be useful for clinical decision making in patients with newly diagnosed advanced ova...
This study aims to examine the associations between midlife Life's Simple 7 (LS7) status, psychosocial health (social isolation and loneliness), and late-life multidimensional frailty indicators, and ...
The Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) is a simple and validated tool for assessing frailty, and higher CFS scores are correlated with worse perioperative outcomes after cardiovascular surgery. However, the...
We retrospectively analyzed data from 561 patients with esophageal cancer (EC) who underwent resection from August 2010 to August 2020. We defined a CFS score of ≥4 as indicative of frailty; thus, pat...
Of the 561 patients, 90 (16%) had frailty and 471 (84%) did not. Frail patients had a significantly older age, lower body mass index, higher American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status class...
Preoperative frailty was associated with shorter OS after resection of EC. The CFS score may be a prognostic biomarker for patients with EC, especially early-stage EC....
With the topical focus on the prevention of and countermeasures for frailty, scattered studies have subdivided its social elements and aspects as "social frailty." While the concepts and definition of...
Frailty is a common condition present in older Emergency Department (ED) patients that is associated with poor health outcomes. The Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) is a tool that measures frailty on a sc...
We performed a systemic literature search to identify original research that used the CFS in emergency medicine. Several databases were searched from January 2005 to July 2021. Two independent reviewe...
A total of 4818 unique citations were identified; 34 studies were included in the final analysis. Among them, 76% were published after 2018, mainly in Europe or North America (79%). Only two assessed ...
The use of CFS in emergency medicine research is drastically increasing. However, the reporting is not optimal and should be more standardized. Studies evaluating the impact of frailty assessment in t...
https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/W2F8N....
To test the agreement of the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) and the Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI), their association with 3, 6 months and 1-year mortality and the trajectory of frailty in a mixed popu...
This is a prospective, multicenter, longitudinal study on ICU survivors ≥18 years old with an ICU stay >72 h. For each patient, sociodemographic and clinical data were collected. Frailty was assessed ...
124 patients with a mean age of 66 years old were enrolled. The baseline prevalence of frailty was 15.3% by CFS and 44.4% by TFI. Baseline CFS and TFI correlated but showed low agreement (Cohen's K = ...
CFS and TFI identify different populations of frail ICU survivors. Frail patients before ICU according to CFS have a significantly higher mortality after ICU discharge. The CFS during follow-up is an ...
Muscles and bones are intricately connected tissues displaying marked co-variation during development, growth, aging, and in many diseases. While the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis are well e...