Contrôle social informel : Questions médicales fréquentes
Nom anglais: Social Control, Informal
Descriptor UI:D012927
Tree Number:I01.880.630
Termes MeSH sélectionnés :
Needle-Exchange Programs
Questions fréquentes et termes MeSH associés
Diagnostic
5
#1
Comment identifier le contrôle social informel ?
Il se manifeste par des interactions sociales, des attentes et des sanctions au sein d'un groupe.
Contrôle socialNormes sociales
#2
Quels outils pour évaluer le contrôle social informel ?
Des enquêtes qualitatives et des observations de groupe peuvent être utilisés.
ÉvaluationObservations
#3
Le contrôle social informel est-il mesurable ?
Oui, par des indicateurs comme la conformité aux normes et les sanctions sociales.
MesureConformité
#4
Quels signes indiquent un contrôle social informel fort ?
Une forte cohésion de groupe et des comportements conformes aux attentes sociales.
Cohésion socialeComportement
#5
Peut-on observer le contrôle social informel dans tous les groupes ?
Oui, il est présent dans presque tous les groupes sociaux, mais varie en intensité.
Groupes sociauxVariabilité
Symptômes
5
#1
Quels symptômes indiquent un contrôle social informel ?
Des comportements conformes, des pressions sociales et des sanctions pour déviance.
ComportementPression sociale
#2
Comment le contrôle social informel affecte-t-il les individus ?
Il peut engendrer stress, conformisme ou résistance selon la perception des normes.
StressConformisme
#3
Y a-t-il des symptômes de résistance au contrôle social ?
Oui, des comportements rebelles ou des critiques des normes peuvent apparaître.
RésistanceCritique sociale
#4
Le contrôle social informel peut-il causer des troubles psychologiques ?
Oui, une pression excessive peut mener à l'anxiété ou à la dépression.
Troubles psychologiquesAnxiété
#5
Quels comportements révèlent un contrôle social informel ?
L'adhésion aux normes, l'évitement de la déviance et la recherche d'approbation sociale.
ComportementApprobation sociale
Prévention
5
#1
Comment prévenir les effets négatifs du contrôle social informel ?
Promouvoir l'éducation sur la diversité et l'acceptation des différences.
PréventionDiversité
#2
Quelles stratégies communautaires sont efficaces ?
Organiser des ateliers et des discussions pour renforcer la cohésion positive.
Stratégies communautairesCohésion
#3
Le dialogue intergroupe aide-t-il ?
Oui, il favorise la compréhension et réduit les stéréotypes entre groupes.
DialogueStéréotypes
#4
Comment impliquer les jeunes dans la prévention ?
Les inclure dans des projets communautaires pour renforcer leur engagement social.
JeunesEngagement social
#5
Les médias jouent-ils un rôle dans la prévention ?
Oui, ils peuvent sensibiliser et promouvoir des comportements positifs au sein des groupes.
MédiasSensibilisation
Traitements
5
#1
Comment traiter les effets négatifs du contrôle social informel ?
Des thérapies individuelles ou de groupe peuvent aider à gérer la pression sociale.
ThérapiePression sociale
#2
Y a-t-il des interventions communautaires efficaces ?
Oui, des programmes de sensibilisation et de dialogue peuvent réduire les tensions.
Intervention communautaireSensibilisation
#3
Comment favoriser un contrôle social informel positif ?
Encourager la communication ouverte et le respect des différences au sein du groupe.
CommunicationRespect
#4
Les groupes de soutien sont-ils utiles ?
Oui, ils offrent un espace pour partager des expériences et réduire l'isolement.
Groupes de soutienIsolement
#5
Peut-on modifier les normes sociales ?
Oui, par l'éducation et la sensibilisation, les normes peuvent évoluer positivement.
ÉducationNormes sociales
Complications
5
#1
Quelles complications peuvent résulter d'un contrôle social informel excessif ?
Des conflits interpersonnels, de l'anxiété et des comportements déviants peuvent survenir.
ConflitsAnxiété
#2
Le contrôle social informel peut-il mener à l'exclusion sociale ?
Oui, les individus qui ne se conforment pas peuvent être ostracisés ou marginalisés.
Exclusion socialeMarginalisation
#3
Y a-t-il des impacts sur la santé mentale ?
Oui, une pression sociale constante peut entraîner des troubles de santé mentale.
Santé mentalePression sociale
#4
Comment le contrôle social informel affecte-t-il les relations ?
Il peut créer des tensions et des malentendus entre les membres d'un groupe.
RelationsTensions
#5
Le contrôle social informel peut-il influencer le comportement criminel ?
Oui, des normes sociales déviantes peuvent encourager des comportements criminels.
Comportement criminelNormes sociales
Facteurs de risque
5
#1
Quels facteurs augmentent le contrôle social informel ?
Une forte homogénéité culturelle et des normes rigides peuvent intensifier le contrôle.
Homogénéité culturelleNormes rigides
#2
La pauvreté influence-t-elle le contrôle social informel ?
Oui, des conditions socio-économiques précaires peuvent renforcer les mécanismes de contrôle.
PauvretéConditions socio-économiques
#3
Les réseaux sociaux jouent-ils un rôle ?
Oui, ils peuvent amplifier les normes sociales et les pressions au sein des groupes.
Réseaux sociauxPression sociale
#4
Les croyances culturelles influencent-elles le contrôle social ?
Oui, des croyances partagées peuvent renforcer les attentes et les comportements normatifs.
Croyances culturellesComportements normatifs
#5
Comment l'éducation affecte-t-elle le contrôle social informel ?
Une éducation inclusive peut réduire les stéréotypes et favoriser l'acceptation.
ÉducationStéréotypes
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"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Il peut créer des tensions et des malentendus entre les membres d'un groupe."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Le contrôle social informel peut-il influencer le comportement criminel ?",
"position": 25,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, des normes sociales déviantes peuvent encourager des comportements criminels."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels facteurs augmentent le contrôle social informel ?",
"position": 26,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Une forte homogénéité culturelle et des normes rigides peuvent intensifier le contrôle."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "La pauvreté influence-t-elle le contrôle social informel ?",
"position": 27,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, des conditions socio-économiques précaires peuvent renforcer les mécanismes de contrôle."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les réseaux sociaux jouent-ils un rôle ?",
"position": 28,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, ils peuvent amplifier les normes sociales et les pressions au sein des groupes."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les croyances culturelles influencent-elles le contrôle social ?",
"position": 29,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, des croyances partagées peuvent renforcer les attentes et les comportements normatifs."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment l'éducation affecte-t-elle le contrôle social informel ?",
"position": 30,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Une éducation inclusive peut réduire les stéréotypes et favoriser l'acceptation."
}
}
]
}
]
}
Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, HKU Centennial Campus, PokFuLam Road, Hong Kong. Electronic address: aalhassa@connect.hku.hk.
Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, HKU Centennial Campus, PokFuLam Road, Hong Kong. Electronic address: cemery@hku.hk.
Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France.
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of needle and syringe exchange programs (NSP) on both individual- and community-level needle-sharing behaviors and other HIV-related ou...
Needle and syringe programs (NSPs) are effective at preventing HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) among people who inject drugs (PWID), yet global coverage is low, partly because governments lack data on...
We conducted a systematic review to extract data on the cost per syringe distributed and its cost drivers. We estimated the impact of country-level and program-level variables on the cost per syringe ...
We identified 55 estimates of the unit cost per syringe distributed from 14 countries. Unit costs were extrapolated for 137 countries, ranging from $0.08 to $20.77 (2020 USD) per syringe distributed. ...
Our review identified cost estimates from high-income, upper-middle-income, and lower-middle-income countries. Regression models may be useful for estimating NSP costs in countries without data to inf...
Automatic syringe dispensing machines (ADM) have become an important adjunct to Australia's needle and syringe programs (NSP). However, concerns that they reduce face-to-face contact with health staff...
We reviewed data from an inner-city harm reduction program during the study period of April 2020 to March 2021 compared to the previous year. Multivariable linear regression models were used to estima...
ADM-dispensed equipment increased significantly by 41.1%, while face-to-face NSP occasions decreased by 16.2%. Occasions provided by the targeted primary healthcare clinic increased by 59.7% per month...
We have shown that 24-hour ADM access did not adversely affect the number of people using targeted primary healthcare when provided within close proximity. Implication for public health: These finding...
Epidemiologic studies commonly recommend the integration of harm reduction programs with health and social services to improve the well-being of persons who inject drugs (PWIDs). This study identified...
We applied Multiple Correspondence Analysis and Hierarchical Clustering on Principal Components to classify 475 PWIDs into clusters using anonymized, SEP records data from New York. Multinomial logist...
Only 22% of participants utilized at least one service. We identified three clusters of service utilization defined by 1) Nonuse; 2) Support, Primary Care, & Maintenance service use; and 3) HIV/STD, S...
Overall, PWID clients had a low prevalence of in-house service use particularly those who live alone. However, higher service utilization was observed among more vulnerable populations (i.e., non-Whit...
Needle and syringe programs (NSP) are effective harm-reduction strategies against HIV and hepatitis C. Although skin, soft tissue, and vascular infections (SSTVI) are the most common morbidities in pe...
We performed a model-based, economic evaluation comparing a scenario with NSP to a scenario without NSP. We developed a microsimulation model to generate two cohorts of 100,000 individuals correspondi...
The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio associated with NSP was $70,278 per QALY, with incremental cost and QALY gains corresponding to $1207 and 0.017 QALY, respectively. Under the scenario with NSP...
Both the individuals and the healthcare system benefit from NSP through lower risk of SSTVI mortality and prevention of recurrent outpatient and emergency department visits to treat SSTVI. The microsi...
The World Health Organization has set a goal to reach world elimination of hepatitis C virus (HCV) by 2030. Needle and syringe programs (NSP) for people who inject drugs (PWID) are crucial to achieve ...
Data from 450 PWID registered at the Uppsala NSP between 2016-11-01 and 2021-12-31 were collected from the national quality registry InfCare NSP. Data from the 101 PWID treated for HCV at the Uppsala ...
The mean age was 35 years. 75% were males (336/450), and 25% were females (114/450). The overall HCV prevalence was 48% (215/450) with a declining trend over time. Factors associated with a higher ris...
HCV prevalence, treatment uptake and treatment outcome have improved since the opening of the Uppsala NSP. However, further measures are needed to reach the HCV elimination goal. Outreach HCV treatmen...
Although the Netherlands, Canada and Australia were early adopters of harm reduction for people who inject drugs (PWID), their respective HIV and hepatitis C (HCV) epidemics differ. We measured the po...
For each cohort, we emulated the design and statistical analysis of a target trial using observational data....
We included PWID at risk of HIV or HCV infection from the Amsterdam Cohort Studies (1985-2013), Vancouver Injection Drug Users Study (1997-2009) and Melbourne Injecting Drug User Cohort Study (SuperMI...
Separately for each infection and cohort (only HCV in SuperMIX), marginal structural models were used to compare the effect of comprehensive (on OAT and 100% NSP coverage or on OAT only if no recent i...
We observed 94 HIV seroconversions and 81 HCV seroconversions among 2023 and 430 participants, respectively. Comprehensive NSP/OAT led to a 41% lower risk of HIV acquisition (pooled HR = 0.59, 95% CI ...
In the Netherlands, Canada and Australia, comprehensive needle and syringe program and opioid agonist therapy participation appears to substantially reduce HIV and hepatitis C acquisition compared wit...
Kentucky is one of ten states that require syringe services program (SSP) approval from local officials to operate legally. Public health leaders and local officials participated in semi-structured in...
Syringe services programs (SSPs) provide harm reduction supplies and services to people who use drugs and are often required by funders or partners to collect data from program participants. SSPs can ...
Using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), we conducted 12 key informant interviews with SSP staff to describe the overall landscape of data systems at SSPs, understand facil...
Four main themes emerged from our analysis: SSP M&E systems are primarily designed to be responsive to perceived SSP client needs and preferences; SSP staffing capacity influences the likelihood of mo...
Our findings highlight that SSPs are not resistant to data collection and M&E, but face substantial barriers to implementation, including lack of funding and disjointed data reporting requirements. Th...
Australian harm reduction services are provided via a mix of modalities, including fixed-site needle and syringe programmes (NSP) and syringe-dispensing machines (SDMs). SDMs are cost-effective and pr...
Our data span September 2017-December 2020. We analysed daily counts of SDM use and monthly counts of NSP use, according to unique presentations to both. Auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARI...
Across the study period, we estimated 85,851 SDM presentations and 29,051 NSP presentations. Usage across both the SDMs and the NSP declined during the COVID-19 lockdowns, but only the decline in SDM ...
The slight, but significant decline in SDM use suggests barriers to access, though this may have been mitigated by SDM users acquiring needles/syringes from other sources. The decline, however, may be...
