République d'Afrique du Sud : Questions médicales fréquentes
Nom anglais: South Africa
Descriptor UI:D013019
Tree Number:Z01.058.290.175.735
Termes MeSH sélectionnés :
Cataract Extraction
Questions fréquentes et termes MeSH associés
Diagnostic
5
#1
Comment diagnostiquer le VIH en Afrique du Sud ?
Le diagnostic du VIH se fait par des tests sanguins, comme le test ELISA et la PCR.
VIHTests de dépistage
#2
Quels tests pour la tuberculose ?
La tuberculose se diagnostique par des tests cutanés, des radiographies et des cultures.
TuberculoseTests diagnostiques
#3
Comment identifier le diabète ?
Le diabète est diagnostiqué par des tests de glycémie à jeun et des tests d'HbA1c.
DiabèteTests de glycémie
#4
Quels examens pour l'hypertension ?
L'hypertension est diagnostiquée par des mesures répétées de la pression artérielle.
HypertensionPression artérielle
#5
Comment dépister le cancer du col ?
Le dépistage se fait par un frottis cervical et un test HPV.
Cancer du col de l'utérusDépistage du cancer
Symptômes
5
#1
Quels sont les symptômes du VIH ?
Les symptômes incluent fatigue, fièvre, éruptions cutanées et ganglions enflés.
VIHSymptômes
#2
Quels signes de tuberculose ?
Toux persistante, fièvre, sueurs nocturnes et perte de poids sont des signes clés.
TuberculoseSymptômes
#3
Quels symptômes du diabète ?
Les symptômes incluent soif excessive, urination fréquente et fatigue.
DiabèteSymptômes
#4
Quels signes d'hypertension ?
Souvent asymptomatique, mais peut causer maux de tête et vertiges.
HypertensionSymptômes
#5
Quels symptômes du cancer du col ?
Les symptômes peuvent inclure des saignements vaginaux anormaux et des douleurs pelviennes.
Cancer du col de l'utérusSymptômes
Prévention
5
#1
Comment prévenir le VIH ?
Utiliser des préservatifs, se faire dépister et prendre des PrEP sont des mesures clés.
VIHPrévention
#2
Quelles mesures pour prévenir la tuberculose ?
Vaccination BCG et dépistage régulier sont essentiels pour prévenir la tuberculose.
TuberculosePrévention
#3
Comment prévenir le diabète ?
Adopter un mode de vie sain, avec une alimentation équilibrée et de l'exercice régulier.
DiabètePrévention
#4
Quelles stratégies pour prévenir l'hypertension ?
Maintenir un poids santé, réduire le sel et faire de l'exercice régulièrement.
HypertensionPrévention
#5
Comment prévenir le cancer du col ?
Le dépistage régulier et la vaccination contre le HPV sont des mesures préventives.
Cancer du col de l'utérusPrévention
Traitements
5
#1
Quel traitement pour le VIH ?
Le traitement antirétroviral (TAR) est utilisé pour gérer le VIH.
VIHTraitement antirétroviral
#2
Comment traiter la tuberculose ?
La tuberculose se traite avec une combinaison d'antibiotiques sur plusieurs mois.
TuberculoseAntibiotiques
#3
Quel traitement pour le diabète ?
Le diabète est traité par des médicaments, insuline et modifications du mode de vie.
DiabèteTraitement
#4
Comment gérer l'hypertension ?
L'hypertension se gère par des médicaments, régime alimentaire et exercice physique.
HypertensionMédicaments antihypertenseurs
#5
Quel traitement pour le cancer du col ?
Le traitement peut inclure chirurgie, radiothérapie et chimiothérapie selon le stade.
Cancer du col de l'utérusChimiothérapie
Complications
5
#1
Quelles complications du VIH ?
Le VIH peut entraîner des infections opportunistes et des cancers liés au virus.
VIHComplications
#2
Quelles complications de la tuberculose ?
La tuberculose peut causer des lésions pulmonaires et des complications systémiques.
TuberculoseComplications
#3
Quelles complications du diabète ?
Le diabète peut entraîner des maladies cardiovasculaires, des neuropathies et des néphropathies.
DiabèteComplications
#4
Quelles complications de l'hypertension ?
L'hypertension peut causer des AVC, des crises cardiaques et des maladies rénales.
HypertensionComplications
#5
Quelles complications du cancer du col ?
Les complications peuvent inclure des métastases et des problèmes de fertilité.
Cancer du col de l'utérusComplications
Facteurs de risque
5
#1
Quels sont les facteurs de risque du VIH ?
Les comportements à risque, comme les rapports non protégés, augmentent le risque de VIH.
VIHFacteurs de risque
#2
Quels facteurs de risque pour la tuberculose ?
La malnutrition, le VIH et la vie en milieu urbain densément peuplé sont des facteurs de risque.
TuberculoseFacteurs de risque
#3
Quels facteurs de risque du diabète ?
L'obésité, le manque d'activité physique et des antécédents familiaux augmentent le risque.
DiabèteFacteurs de risque
#4
Quels facteurs de risque de l'hypertension ?
L'âge, l'obésité, le stress et une alimentation riche en sel sont des facteurs de risque.
HypertensionFacteurs de risque
#5
Quels facteurs de risque du cancer du col ?
Les infections par le HPV, le tabagisme et un dépistage irrégulier augmentent le risque.
Cancer du col de l'utérusFacteurs de risque
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},
{
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},
{
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"name": "Quels facteurs de risque pour la tuberculose ?",
"position": 27,
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"text": "La malnutrition, le VIH et la vie en milieu urbain densément peuplé sont des facteurs de risque."
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},
{
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"name": "Quels facteurs de risque du diabète ?",
"position": 28,
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"name": "Quels facteurs de risque de l'hypertension ?",
"position": 29,
"acceptedAnswer": {
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},
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"name": "Quels facteurs de risque du cancer du col ?",
"position": 30,
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"text": "Les infections par le HPV, le tabagisme et un dépistage irrégulier augmentent le risque."
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Head of Centre for Enteric Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Centre for Enteric Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD), Division of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa.
Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
The first successful planned extracapsular cataract extraction was reported by Jacques Daviel in 1752. The history of European cataract surgery in the first half of the 18th century, immediately prece...
The proportion, clinical characteristics, and risk factors of zonulopathy in primary angle closure disease (PACD) were analyzed. Zonulopathy is an underrecognized common finding in PACD, especially in...
To examine the proportion and risk factors associated with intraoperative zonulopathy in PACD....
This is a retrospective analysis of 88 consecutive patients with PACD who underwent bilateral cataract extraction at Beijing Tongren Hospital from August 1, 2020 to August 1, 2022. Zonulopathy was dia...
Of 88 patients with PACD (67.3 ± 6.9 y old, 19 males and 69 females), the overall proportion of zonulopathy was 45.5% of patients (40/88) and 30.1% of eyes (53/176). Among the PACD subtypes, the propo...
Zonulopathy is common in PACD, especially in patients with AAC. Shallow anterior chamber depth and thick lens thickness were associated with an increased proportion of zonulopathy....
Cataract, defined as an opacity of the lens in one or both eyes, is the leading cause of blindness worldwide. Cataract may initially be treated with new spectacles, but often surgery is required, whic...
To compare visual outcomes after implantation of trifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) to those of extended depth of focus (EDOF) IOLs. To produce a brief economic commentary summarising recent economic ...
We searched CENTRAL (which contains the Cochrane Eyes and Vision Trials Register), MEDLINE, Embase, and three trial registries on 15 June 2022. For our economic evaluation, we also searched MEDLINE an...
We included studies comparing trifocal and EDOF IOLs in adults undergoing cataract surgery. We did not include studies involving people receiving IOLs for correction of refractive error alone (or refr...
We used standard Cochrane methods. Two review authors working independently selected studies for inclusion and extracted data from the reports. We assessed the risk of bias in the studies, and we asse...
We included five studies that compared trifocal and EDOF lenses in people undergoing cataract surgery. Three trifocal lenses (AcrySof IQ PanOptix, ATLISA Tri 839MP, FineVision Micro F) and one EDOF le...
Distance visual acuity after cataract surgery may be similar whether the lenses implanted are trifocal IOLs or EDOF (TECNIS Symfony) IOLs. People receiving trifocal IOLs may achieve better near vision...
94 million people are blind or visually impaired globally, and cataract is the most common cause of blindness worldwide. However, most cases of blindness are avoidable. Cataract is associated with dec...
Presbyopia occurs when the lens of the eyes loses its elasticity leading to loss of accommodation. The lens may also progress to develop cataract, affecting visual acuity and contrast sensitivity. One...
To assess the effectiveness and safety of implantation with trifocal versus bifocal IOLs during cataract surgery among people with presbyopia....
We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (which contains the Cochrane Eyes and Vision Trials Register) (2022, Issue 3); Ovid MEDLINE; Embase.com; PubMed; ClinicalTrials...
We used standard Cochrane methodology and graded the certainty of the body of evidence according to the GRADE classification....
We identified seven studies conducted in Europe and Turkey with a total of 331 participants. All included studies assessed visual acuity using a logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (LogMAR ch...
We found low-certainty of evidence that compared with bifocal IOL, implantation of trifocal IOL may improve uncorrected intermediate visual acuity at one year. However, there was no evidence of a diff...
Mitomycin C has been used adjunctively in various procedures, including pterygium excision. Delayed wound healing, the long-term complication of mitomycin C, can occur several years later and may rare...
A 91-year-old Thai woman had undergone pterygium excision 26 years ago, with adjunctive mitomycin C, as well as an uneventful extracapsular cataract extraction in the same year. The patient developed ...
This is a case report of a rare novel complication of mitomycin C application. Conjunctival bleb formation from the reopening of surgical wound, which was related to the previous mitomycin C use, coul...
To explore the utility of the Catquest 9SF visual function (VF) questionnaire along with visual acuity (VA) for determining appropriateness and priority for cataract surgery. To evaluate the feasibili...
Prospective multicentred interventional observational study....
Subjects undergoing sequential cataract surgery in both eyes at 4 sites in Ontario....
We recorded best-corrected VA (BCVA) and VA with current correction (CCVA) in each eye and both eyes (OU) and Catquest-9SF responses on a tablet before and after cataract surgery. Linear regression mo...
Preoperative BCVA and CCVA in the worse eye were significant predictors of change in VF (p = 0.006 and p = 0.008, respectively); subjects with worse VA had a greater improvement in VF after surgery. T...
For patient groups with equal VA, the Catquest-9SF score can help determine priority for surgery. Web-based data capture and interpretation allow for efficient virtual assessments of VF. A BCVA in the...
To evaluate the effect of Gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy (GATT) on macular thickness and to compare the combined GATT and cataract extraction (CE) with GATT surgery alone regarding mac...
A retrospective, comparative study was designed. The patients who underwent GATT or combined GATT and CE with preoperative and regular postoperative spectral domain optic coherence tomography analysis...
Fifty-four eyes fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were enrolled in this study, (Group 1 = 29 eyes, Group 2 = 25 eyes). The mean thicknesses of central macula (CM), superior inner macula (SIM), and ...
GATT can be a safe procedure with minimal and transient adverse effect on macular thickness and structure. Performing GATT together with CE caused no additional increase in the risk of macular thicken...
To describe the clinical and demographic characteristics of patients presenting with cataract at uveitis diagnosis treated at a single institution between 2005 and 2019 and to analyze postoperative ou...
We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of children (<18 years of age) diagnosed with cataract at their initial uveitis presentation who subsequently underwent cataract extraction. Outcome mea...
A total of 14 children (17 eyes) were included. Mean patient age was 7.2 ± 3.9 years. Methotrexate was initiated preoperatively in 11 patients; adalimumab, in 3. Primary intraocular lens was implanted...
In our study cohort, surgery for preexisting cataract at uveitis diagnosis resulted in improved visual acuity. Postoperative uveitis flare-ups were relatively uncommon, occurring in 4 of 17 eyes. Glau...
Gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy (GATT) and goniotomy with Kahook Dual Blade both achieved sustained reductions in intraocular pressure (IOP) and medication burden in eyes with steroid-i...
To characterize the 24-month surgical outcomes of GATT and excisional goniotomy in eyes with steroid-induced or uveitic glaucoma....
A retrospective chart review was performed of eyes with steroid-induced or uveitic glaucoma that underwent GATT or excisional goniotomy, either standalone or combined with phacoemulsification cataract...
Forty eyes of 33 patients underwent GATT, and 24 eyes of 22 patients underwent goniotomy, of which 88% and 75%, respectively, had 24-months' follow-up. Concomitant phacoemulsification cataract surgery...
Both GATT and goniotomy demonstrate favorable efficacy and safety in steroid-induced and uveitic glaucoma eyes. Both procedures achieved sustained reductions in IOP and glaucoma medication burden at 2...
