Titre : République d'Afrique du Sud

République d'Afrique du Sud : Questions médicales fréquentes

Termes MeSH sélectionnés :

Retinal Detachment
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"@type": "Question", "name": "Quels examens pour l'hypertension ?", "position": 4, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "L'hypertension est diagnostiquée par des mesures répétées de la pression artérielle." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment dépister le cancer du col ?", "position": 5, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Le dépistage se fait par un frottis cervical et un test HPV." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels sont les symptômes du VIH ?", "position": 6, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les symptômes incluent fatigue, fièvre, éruptions cutanées et ganglions enflés." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels signes de tuberculose ?", "position": 7, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Toux persistante, fièvre, sueurs nocturnes et perte de poids sont des signes clés." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels symptômes du diabète ?", "position": 8, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les symptômes incluent soif excessive, urination fréquente et fatigue." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels signes d'hypertension ?", "position": 9, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Souvent asymptomatique, mais peut causer maux de tête et vertiges." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels symptômes du cancer du col ?", "position": 10, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les symptômes peuvent inclure des saignements vaginaux anormaux et des douleurs pelviennes." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment prévenir le VIH ?", "position": 11, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Utiliser des préservatifs, se faire dépister et prendre des PrEP sont des mesures clés." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quelles mesures pour prévenir la tuberculose ?", "position": 12, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Vaccination BCG et dépistage régulier sont essentiels pour prévenir la tuberculose." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment prévenir le diabète ?", "position": 13, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Adopter un mode de vie sain, avec une alimentation équilibrée et de l'exercice régulier." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quelles stratégies pour prévenir l'hypertension ?", "position": 14, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Maintenir un poids santé, réduire le sel et faire de l'exercice régulièrement." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment prévenir le cancer du col ?", "position": 15, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Le dépistage régulier et la vaccination contre le HPV sont des mesures préventives." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quel traitement pour le VIH ?", "position": 16, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Le traitement antirétroviral (TAR) est utilisé pour gérer le VIH." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment traiter la tuberculose ?", "position": 17, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "La tuberculose se traite avec une combinaison d'antibiotiques sur plusieurs mois." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quel traitement pour le diabète ?", "position": 18, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Le diabète est traité par des médicaments, insuline et modifications du mode de vie." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment gérer l'hypertension ?", "position": 19, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "L'hypertension se gère par des médicaments, régime alimentaire et exercice physique." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quel traitement pour le cancer du col ?", "position": 20, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Le traitement peut inclure chirurgie, radiothérapie et chimiothérapie selon le stade." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quelles complications du VIH ?", "position": 21, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Le VIH peut entraîner des infections opportunistes et des cancers liés au virus." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quelles complications de la tuberculose ?", "position": 22, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "La tuberculose peut causer des lésions pulmonaires et des complications systémiques." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quelles complications du diabète ?", "position": 23, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Le diabète peut entraîner des maladies cardiovasculaires, des neuropathies et des néphropathies." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quelles complications de l'hypertension ?", "position": 24, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "L'hypertension peut causer des AVC, des crises cardiaques et des maladies rénales." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quelles complications du cancer du col ?", "position": 25, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les complications peuvent inclure des métastases et des problèmes de fertilité." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels sont les facteurs de risque du VIH ?", "position": 26, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les comportements à risque, comme les rapports non protégés, augmentent le risque de VIH." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels facteurs de risque pour la tuberculose ?", "position": 27, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "La malnutrition, le VIH et la vie en milieu urbain densément peuplé sont des facteurs de risque." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels facteurs de risque du diabète ?", "position": 28, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "L'obésité, le manque d'activité physique et des antécédents familiaux augmentent le risque." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels facteurs de risque de l'hypertension ?", "position": 29, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "L'âge, l'obésité, le stress et une alimentation riche en sel sont des facteurs de risque." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels facteurs de risque du cancer du col ?", "position": 30, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les infections par le HPV, le tabagisme et un dépistage irrégulier augmentent le risque." } } ] } ] }

Sources (6520 au total)

Factors associated with postoperative visual function after rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with foveal detachment.

To investigate pre-, intra-, and postoperative factors influencing postoperative visual acuity, degree of metamorphopsia, and retinal sensitivity after vitrectomy in patients with rhegmatogenous retin... We reviewed retrospectively 33 consecutive eyes of 32 patients, who underwent vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with foveal detachment between August 2018 and October 2020 and obtained ... Preoperative total retinal detachment was the only factor significantly associated with worse best-corrected visual acuity at 1-year postoperatively (β = 0.589, P<0.001). Intraoperative internal limit... Our study findings suggest that best-corrected visual acuity, metamorphopsia, and retinal sensitivity at 1 year after vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with foveal detachment are influe...

Outer Retinal Corrugations in Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment: The Retinal Pigment Epithelium-Photoreceptor Dysregulation Theory.

Outer retinal folds occur when outer retinal corrugations (ORCs) persist after retinal reattachment with worse functional outcomes. We investigate the pathophysiology of ORCs in vivo.... Prospective cohort study.... Patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) presenting to St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, between August 2020 and February 2022 were assessed with swept-source optical cohe... Sixty-six patients were included. More than half (60.6%, 40/66) were fovea-off and 48.4% (32/66) had ORCs at presentation. All eyes (32/32) with ORCs had retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-photoreceptor... ORCs develop with (1) acute exposure of subretinal space to liquified vitreous, (2) for >2 days, that (3) overwhelms RPE capacity, leading to progressive and extensive RRD. Mathematical models suggest...

Symptom-Based Risk Factors for Retinal Tears and Detachments in Suspected Posterior Vitreous Detachment.

The aim of this study was to determine symptom-level risk factors for retinal tear/retinal detachment (RT/RD) in our patients presenting with symptoms of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD).... We conducted a prospective cohort study of patients presenting to outpatient ophthalmology clinics at a single academic institution with complaint(s) of flashes, floaters, and/or subjective field loss... We recruited 237 patients (age 20-93 years) from March 2018 to March 2019. The most common diagnosis was PVD (141, 59.5%), followed by vitreous syneresis (38, 16.0%) and RT/RD (34, 14.3%). Of those wi... While well-known demographic and exam-based risk factors for RT/RD exist in patients with PVD symptoms, the relative importance of symptom characteristics is less clear. We found that the presence of ...

Outer Retinal Hyperreflective Dots: A Potential Imaging Biomarker in Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment.

To investigate hyperreflective dots (HRDs) on baseline OCT in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).... Retrospective cohort study.... Consecutive primary fovea-off RRDs presenting between January 2012 and September 2022.... Visual acuity (VA) was obtained at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months. Baseline foveal OCT scans were graded for the presence of HRDs in the outer retina, morphologic stage of RRD in the parafovea, and fov... The primary outcome was the proportion of patients in each morphologic stage with HRDs present on OCT and their association with postoperative VA. Secondary outcomes included association with the heig... A total of 351 patients were included. The presence of HRDs by morphologic stage of RRD was 0% in stage 1, 4.5% (2/42) in stage 2, 13% (7/54) in stage 3a, 16% (20/126) in stage 3b, 48% (40/83) in stag... Hyperreflective dots have been hypothesized to consist of intraretinal inflammatory cells. We found that HRDs were significantly associated with the morphologic stage, extent, duration, and height of ... The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article....

Expansile gas concentration in primary pseudophakic retinal detachment repair, effect on intraocular pressure and outcomes; the Manchester Pseudophakic Retinal Detachment Study.

To investigate the effect of isovolumetric and expansile gas tamponade concentrations on single surgery anatomical success (SSAS) and day 1 intraocular pressure (IOPD1) following pars plana vitrectomy... We conducted a single-centre retrospective continuous and comparative study on eyes that had undergone small-gauge PPV using isovolumetric versus expansile gas for PRD repair between 2011 and 2020 at ... From 456 eyes, PSM analysis matched 240 eyes with 120 in each group. The median (interquartile range) follow-up was 96 (59 to 218) days. The SSAS was 229/240 (95.8%) overall; 115/120 (95.8%) and 114/1... Expansile gas concentration does not impact SSAS but is associated with significantly raised IOPD1 with no reduction in hypotony rates following PPV for primary PRD....

Retinal detachment in a child with Frank-ter Haar syndrome.

To present a rare case of ocular involvement in a child with Frank-ter Haar syndrome (FTHS) presenting retinal detachment.... Detailed ophthalmological evaluation including examination under general anesthesia, ocular ultrasound, and visual evoked potential testing was completed. Photographic documentation of the physical fi... A 3-year-old female patient with FTHS was referred to evaluate for possible ophthalmic involvement. The patient presented with the classical dysmorphic abnormalities of the syndrome. Ophthalmologic ev... FTHS is associated with multiple ocular involvement such as megalocornea, congenital glaucoma, or colobomas. This case report is the first to describe a high, against-the-rule astigmatism and retinal ...