République d'Afrique du Sud : Questions médicales fréquentes
Nom anglais: South Africa
Descriptor UI:D013019
Tree Number:Z01.058.290.175.735
Termes MeSH sélectionnés :
Ventilation-Perfusion Scan
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"name": "Diagnostic",
"headline": "Diagnostic sur République d'Afrique du Sud",
"description": "Comment diagnostiquer le VIH en Afrique du Sud ?\nQuels tests pour la tuberculose ?\nComment identifier le diabète ?\nQuels examens pour l'hypertension ?\nComment dépister le cancer du col ?",
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"description": "Quels sont les symptômes du VIH ?\nQuels signes de tuberculose ?\nQuels symptômes du diabète ?\nQuels signes d'hypertension ?\nQuels symptômes du cancer du col ?",
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"description": "Comment prévenir le VIH ?\nQuelles mesures pour prévenir la tuberculose ?\nComment prévenir le diabète ?\nQuelles stratégies pour prévenir l'hypertension ?\nComment prévenir le cancer du col ?",
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"description": "Quelles complications du VIH ?\nQuelles complications de la tuberculose ?\nQuelles complications du diabète ?\nQuelles complications de l'hypertension ?\nQuelles complications du cancer du col ?",
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"description": "Quels sont les facteurs de risque du VIH ?\nQuels facteurs de risque pour la tuberculose ?\nQuels facteurs de risque du diabète ?\nQuels facteurs de risque de l'hypertension ?\nQuels facteurs de risque du cancer du col ?",
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"name": "Comment diagnostiquer le VIH en Afrique du Sud ?",
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"text": "Le diagnostic du VIH se fait par des tests sanguins, comme le test ELISA et la PCR."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels tests pour la tuberculose ?",
"position": 2,
"acceptedAnswer": {
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"text": "La tuberculose se diagnostique par des tests cutanés, des radiographies et des cultures."
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"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment identifier le diabète ?",
"position": 3,
"acceptedAnswer": {
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"text": "Le diabète est diagnostiqué par des tests de glycémie à jeun et des tests d'HbA1c."
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},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels examens pour l'hypertension ?",
"position": 4,
"acceptedAnswer": {
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"text": "L'hypertension est diagnostiquée par des mesures répétées de la pression artérielle."
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{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment dépister le cancer du col ?",
"position": 5,
"acceptedAnswer": {
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"text": "Le dépistage se fait par un frottis cervical et un test HPV."
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},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels sont les symptômes du VIH ?",
"position": 6,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les symptômes incluent fatigue, fièvre, éruptions cutanées et ganglions enflés."
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{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels signes de tuberculose ?",
"position": 7,
"acceptedAnswer": {
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"text": "Toux persistante, fièvre, sueurs nocturnes et perte de poids sont des signes clés."
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},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels symptômes du diabète ?",
"position": 8,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les symptômes incluent soif excessive, urination fréquente et fatigue."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels signes d'hypertension ?",
"position": 9,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Souvent asymptomatique, mais peut causer maux de tête et vertiges."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels symptômes du cancer du col ?",
"position": 10,
"acceptedAnswer": {
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"text": "Les symptômes peuvent inclure des saignements vaginaux anormaux et des douleurs pelviennes."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment prévenir le VIH ?",
"position": 11,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Utiliser des préservatifs, se faire dépister et prendre des PrEP sont des mesures clés."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quelles mesures pour prévenir la tuberculose ?",
"position": 12,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Vaccination BCG et dépistage régulier sont essentiels pour prévenir la tuberculose."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment prévenir le diabète ?",
"position": 13,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Adopter un mode de vie sain, avec une alimentation équilibrée et de l'exercice régulier."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quelles stratégies pour prévenir l'hypertension ?",
"position": 14,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Maintenir un poids santé, réduire le sel et faire de l'exercice régulièrement."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment prévenir le cancer du col ?",
"position": 15,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Le dépistage régulier et la vaccination contre le HPV sont des mesures préventives."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quel traitement pour le VIH ?",
"position": 16,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Le traitement antirétroviral (TAR) est utilisé pour gérer le VIH."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment traiter la tuberculose ?",
"position": 17,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "La tuberculose se traite avec une combinaison d'antibiotiques sur plusieurs mois."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quel traitement pour le diabète ?",
"position": 18,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Le diabète est traité par des médicaments, insuline et modifications du mode de vie."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment gérer l'hypertension ?",
"position": 19,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "L'hypertension se gère par des médicaments, régime alimentaire et exercice physique."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quel traitement pour le cancer du col ?",
"position": 20,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Le traitement peut inclure chirurgie, radiothérapie et chimiothérapie selon le stade."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quelles complications du VIH ?",
"position": 21,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Le VIH peut entraîner des infections opportunistes et des cancers liés au virus."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quelles complications de la tuberculose ?",
"position": 22,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "La tuberculose peut causer des lésions pulmonaires et des complications systémiques."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quelles complications du diabète ?",
"position": 23,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Le diabète peut entraîner des maladies cardiovasculaires, des neuropathies et des néphropathies."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quelles complications de l'hypertension ?",
"position": 24,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "L'hypertension peut causer des AVC, des crises cardiaques et des maladies rénales."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quelles complications du cancer du col ?",
"position": 25,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les complications peuvent inclure des métastases et des problèmes de fertilité."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels sont les facteurs de risque du VIH ?",
"position": 26,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les comportements à risque, comme les rapports non protégés, augmentent le risque de VIH."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels facteurs de risque pour la tuberculose ?",
"position": 27,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "La malnutrition, le VIH et la vie en milieu urbain densément peuplé sont des facteurs de risque."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels facteurs de risque du diabète ?",
"position": 28,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "L'obésité, le manque d'activité physique et des antécédents familiaux augmentent le risque."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels facteurs de risque de l'hypertension ?",
"position": 29,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "L'âge, l'obésité, le stress et une alimentation riche en sel sont des facteurs de risque."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels facteurs de risque du cancer du col ?",
"position": 30,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les infections par le HPV, le tabagisme et un dépistage irrégulier augmentent le risque."
}
}
]
}
]
}
To investigate the outcomes of ventilation/perfusion scintigraphy on the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, we performed a systematic review of the availa...
PubMed and Scopus were systematically searched up to 4 June 2022, for relevant studies. We included studies on patients with COVID-19 who have performed ventilation/perfusion scintigraphy for diagnosi...
Overall, 27 articles were included in our review. The database search yielded studies from PubMed, Scopus, and studies identified through reviewing the reference list of included studies. Extracted in...
Different perfusion patterns in COVID-19 are challenging but can be alleviated by adding SPECT/computed tomography (CT) to lung perfusion scans. Although perfusion only SPECT/CT can rule out or rule i...
Ventilation Perfusion SPECT is important in the diagnostics of e.g. pulmonary embolism and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Classical and reverse mismatched defects can be identified by utilizin...
For both VQ-ratio and VQ-difference a scaling factor for the perfusion is computed, so that voxels with matched ventilation and perfusion (on average) yield zero signal. The relative VQ-difference is ...
The relative and scaled differences have a scale from -1 (perfusion only) to + 1 (ventilation only). Image quality of relative VQ-difference and VQ-ratio images is hampered by artifacts from areas wit...
The relative ventilation-perfusion difference is a methodological improvement on the ventilation-perfusion ratio, because it has a symmetrical scale and is bound on a closed domain. A better diagnosti...
Evidence suggests that ventilation during ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) with a 'one-size-fits-all' strategy has the potential to cause lung injury which may only become clinically relevant in marginal...
We aimed at examining both the incidence and extent of different lung perfusion abnormalities as well as the relationship between them on Tc-99m macroaggregated albumin (MAA) perfusion-only SPECT/CT s...
Ninety-one patients (71.4 ± 13.9 years; range: 29-98 years, median age: 74 years; 45 female and 46 male) with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 virus infection were included in this retrospective study. After perf...
Moderately severe parenchymal lesions were detected in 87 (95.6%) patients. Although, 50 (54.95%) patients were depicted to have MM lesions, the whole patient cohort was mildly affected by this abnorm...
Heterogeneous perfusion abnormalities were found in most of COVID-19 patients: parenchymal lesions with normal, decreased or increased perfusion and perfusion defects in healthy lung areas. These phen...
Chest trauma is one of the most serious and difficult injuries, with various complications that can lead to ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) mismatch and systemic hypoxia. We are presenting a case of a 53-...
To investigate the mechanisms underlying the improved arterial oxygenation described with flow-limited expiration (FLEX) ventilation in anesthetized horses....
5 healthy adult research horses....
Horses underwent volume-controlled ventilation for 60 minutes (VCV1), followed by 60 minutes of FLEX, and 30 minutes of VCV (VCV2). Main outcomes included the arterial partial pressure of oxygen-to-Fi...
The PF ratio increased significantly with FLEX compared to both VCV1 and VCV2 (P < .01). There were no differences in the relative distribution of ventilation nor perfusion between ventilation strateg...
Our findings suggest that FLEX ventilation in anesthetized horses enhances regional V/Q matching, likely by prolonging expiratory aeration and reducing airway closure....
Busana et al. (doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00871.2020) published 5 patients with COVID-19 in whom the fraction of non-aerated lung tissue had been quantified by computed tomography. They assumed that...
Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) can be used to assess ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch within the lungs. Several methods have been proposed, some of them neglecting the absolute value of alv...
Pixel-level V/Q maps of 25 ARDS patients were computed once considering (absolute V/Q map) and once neglecting (relative V/Q map) the value of Q...
Among 21 patients with ratio of alveolar ventilation to cardiac output (V...
Neglecting cardiac output and alveolar ventilation when assessing V/Q mismatch indices using EIT in ARDS patients results in significant bias, whose direction depends on the V...
To introduce dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) as a robust alternative for the assessment of pulmonary functional information from dynamic non-contrast-enhanced acquisitions....
Pulmonary fractional ventilation and normalized perfusion maps were obtained using DMD from simulated phantoms as well as in vivo dynamic acquisitions of healthy volunteers at 1.5T. The performance of...
Quantitative assessments performed on phantoms and in vivo measurements indicate that DMD is capable of successfully obtaining pulmonary functional maps. Specifically, compared to FD and MP methods, D...
A robust method for accurately estimating pulmonary ventilation and perfusion related signal changes in dynamic acquisitions is presented. The proposed method uses DMD to obtain functional maps reliab...
The aim of this study is to investigate whether computer-aided, semi-automated 3D lung lobe quantification can support decision-making on PE diagnosis based on the ventilation-perfusion ratio in clini...
A study cohort of 100 patients (39 male, 61 female, age 64.8±15.8 years) underwent ventilation/perfusion single photon emission computed tomography (V/Q-SPECT/CT) to exclude acute PE on SPECT/CT OPTIM...
Both 3D software tools showed good comparability. The YOUDEN index for QLUNG(VPR/VQR)/LLQ(VPR/VQR) was in the range from 0.2 to 0.5. The mean AUC averaged over all lung lobes for QLUNG(VPR) was 0.66, ...
This study reveals that 3D software tools are feasible for numerical PE detection. The clinical decision can be supported by using a numerical algorithm based on ROC analysis....
