République d'Afrique du Sud : Questions médicales fréquentes
Nom anglais: South Africa
Descriptor UI:D013019
Tree Number:Z01.058.290.175.735
Termes MeSH sélectionnés :
Visual Acuity
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"headline": "Diagnostic sur République d'Afrique du Sud",
"description": "Comment diagnostiquer le VIH en Afrique du Sud ?\nQuels tests pour la tuberculose ?\nComment identifier le diabète ?\nQuels examens pour l'hypertension ?\nComment dépister le cancer du col ?",
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"description": "Quels sont les symptômes du VIH ?\nQuels signes de tuberculose ?\nQuels symptômes du diabète ?\nQuels signes d'hypertension ?\nQuels symptômes du cancer du col ?",
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"description": "Comment prévenir le VIH ?\nQuelles mesures pour prévenir la tuberculose ?\nComment prévenir le diabète ?\nQuelles stratégies pour prévenir l'hypertension ?\nComment prévenir le cancer du col ?",
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"description": "Quel traitement pour le VIH ?\nComment traiter la tuberculose ?\nQuel traitement pour le diabète ?\nComment gérer l'hypertension ?\nQuel traitement pour le cancer du col ?",
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"description": "Quelles complications du VIH ?\nQuelles complications de la tuberculose ?\nQuelles complications du diabète ?\nQuelles complications de l'hypertension ?\nQuelles complications du cancer du col ?",
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"description": "Quels sont les facteurs de risque du VIH ?\nQuels facteurs de risque pour la tuberculose ?\nQuels facteurs de risque du diabète ?\nQuels facteurs de risque de l'hypertension ?\nQuels facteurs de risque du cancer du col ?",
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"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment diagnostiquer le VIH en Afrique du Sud ?",
"position": 1,
"acceptedAnswer": {
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"text": "Le diagnostic du VIH se fait par des tests sanguins, comme le test ELISA et la PCR."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels tests pour la tuberculose ?",
"position": 2,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "La tuberculose se diagnostique par des tests cutanés, des radiographies et des cultures."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment identifier le diabète ?",
"position": 3,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Le diabète est diagnostiqué par des tests de glycémie à jeun et des tests d'HbA1c."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels examens pour l'hypertension ?",
"position": 4,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "L'hypertension est diagnostiquée par des mesures répétées de la pression artérielle."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment dépister le cancer du col ?",
"position": 5,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Le dépistage se fait par un frottis cervical et un test HPV."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels sont les symptômes du VIH ?",
"position": 6,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les symptômes incluent fatigue, fièvre, éruptions cutanées et ganglions enflés."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels signes de tuberculose ?",
"position": 7,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Toux persistante, fièvre, sueurs nocturnes et perte de poids sont des signes clés."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels symptômes du diabète ?",
"position": 8,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les symptômes incluent soif excessive, urination fréquente et fatigue."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels signes d'hypertension ?",
"position": 9,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Souvent asymptomatique, mais peut causer maux de tête et vertiges."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels symptômes du cancer du col ?",
"position": 10,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les symptômes peuvent inclure des saignements vaginaux anormaux et des douleurs pelviennes."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment prévenir le VIH ?",
"position": 11,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Utiliser des préservatifs, se faire dépister et prendre des PrEP sont des mesures clés."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quelles mesures pour prévenir la tuberculose ?",
"position": 12,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Vaccination BCG et dépistage régulier sont essentiels pour prévenir la tuberculose."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment prévenir le diabète ?",
"position": 13,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Adopter un mode de vie sain, avec une alimentation équilibrée et de l'exercice régulier."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quelles stratégies pour prévenir l'hypertension ?",
"position": 14,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Maintenir un poids santé, réduire le sel et faire de l'exercice régulièrement."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment prévenir le cancer du col ?",
"position": 15,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Le dépistage régulier et la vaccination contre le HPV sont des mesures préventives."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quel traitement pour le VIH ?",
"position": 16,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Le traitement antirétroviral (TAR) est utilisé pour gérer le VIH."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment traiter la tuberculose ?",
"position": 17,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "La tuberculose se traite avec une combinaison d'antibiotiques sur plusieurs mois."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quel traitement pour le diabète ?",
"position": 18,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Le diabète est traité par des médicaments, insuline et modifications du mode de vie."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment gérer l'hypertension ?",
"position": 19,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "L'hypertension se gère par des médicaments, régime alimentaire et exercice physique."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quel traitement pour le cancer du col ?",
"position": 20,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Le traitement peut inclure chirurgie, radiothérapie et chimiothérapie selon le stade."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quelles complications du VIH ?",
"position": 21,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Le VIH peut entraîner des infections opportunistes et des cancers liés au virus."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quelles complications de la tuberculose ?",
"position": 22,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "La tuberculose peut causer des lésions pulmonaires et des complications systémiques."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quelles complications du diabète ?",
"position": 23,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Le diabète peut entraîner des maladies cardiovasculaires, des neuropathies et des néphropathies."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quelles complications de l'hypertension ?",
"position": 24,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "L'hypertension peut causer des AVC, des crises cardiaques et des maladies rénales."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quelles complications du cancer du col ?",
"position": 25,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les complications peuvent inclure des métastases et des problèmes de fertilité."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels sont les facteurs de risque du VIH ?",
"position": 26,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les comportements à risque, comme les rapports non protégés, augmentent le risque de VIH."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels facteurs de risque pour la tuberculose ?",
"position": 27,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "La malnutrition, le VIH et la vie en milieu urbain densément peuplé sont des facteurs de risque."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels facteurs de risque du diabète ?",
"position": 28,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "L'obésité, le manque d'activité physique et des antécédents familiaux augmentent le risque."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels facteurs de risque de l'hypertension ?",
"position": 29,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "L'âge, l'obésité, le stress et une alimentation riche en sel sont des facteurs de risque."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels facteurs de risque du cancer du col ?",
"position": 30,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les infections par le HPV, le tabagisme et un dépistage irrégulier augmentent le risque."
}
}
]
}
]
}
The purpose of this study was to predict visual acuity (VA) 90 days after presentation for patients with microbial keratitis (MK) from data at the initial clinical ophthalmic encounter....
Patients with MK were identified in the electronic health record between August 2012 and February 2021. Random forest (RF) models were used to predict 90-day VA < 20/40 [visual impairment (VI)]. Predi...
One thousand seven hundred ninety-one patients were identified. The presenting logMAR VA was on average 0.86 (Snellen equivalent and standard deviation = 20/144 ± 12.6 lines) in the affected or worse ...
RF modeling yielded good sensitivity and specificity to predict VI at 90 days which could guide clinicians about the risk of poor vision outcomes for patients with MK....
Myopia control spectacle lenses with peripheral lenslets are gaining popularity because they are non-invasive and easy to manage, and ongoing clinical trials have shown promising results. This study a...
High-contrast (100%) VA was measured at 300 cm and 10 lx. For each test, two lens designs were evaluated in counterbalanced order: a spectacle lens with highly aspherical lenslets (HALs) and a standar...
Mean (SD) central VAs with peripheral gaze through the SVL and the HAL lens were 0.08 (0.13) and 0.17 (0.12) logMAR, respectively. The HAL lens reduced central VA with peripheral gaze by 0.10 (0.08) l...
Under high-contrast and low-luminance conditions, the HAL lens reduced central VA with peripheral gaze by approximately one line compared with the SVL. The impact on central VA did not vary with gaze ...
To investigate associated factors including structural parameters of myopia and vessel density (VD) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) to visual acuity (VA) and central visual func...
Retrospective cross-sectional study....
Sixty-five eyes of 60 glaucoma patients with myopia and without media opacity and retinal lesions were included. Both Swedish interactive thresholding algorithm (SITA) 24-2 and 10-2 visual field (VF) ...
The worse mean deviation of SITA 24-2, thinner GCIPL thickness, and lower deep peripapillary VD were associated with the presence of central VF damage in glaucoma patients with myopia. Thinner GCIPL t...
Decreased VA in glaucoma patients with myopia was associated with lower deep peripapillary VD and papillomacular bundle damage. Lower deep peripapillary VD was independently associated with decreased ...
Visual acuity measurement is important for the detection and monitoring of eye disorders. Developing accurate and sensitive visual acuity tests suitable for young children is therefore desirable....
Recognition or form visual acuity (VA), which is measured with matching in children aged 3 years and up, is more sensitive for detecting visual deficits compared to resolution VA. The Waterloo Differe...
Fifty-one typically-developing children aged 12-36 months participated in the study. Data for Patti Pics (PP) and Face targets (FT) were collected for formats with 3, 4 and 5 distractors. The targets ...
Of participants aged 18-36 months, 87% could perform the WatDAT PP targets with 3 distractors compared to 68% for the FT, while 48% could perform matching with PP. The testability for FT increased to ...
WatDAT testability is higher than matching VA tests. This indicates that the newly developed WatDAT has potential for measuring recognition VA in children 18 months and older....
Visual acuity is commonly assumed to be determined by the eye optics and spatial sampling in the retina. Unlike a camera, however, the eyes are never stationary during the acquisition of visual inform...
To investigate the agreement between a mobile applet-based visual acuity (VA) self-test program and the conventional VA tests....
This consecutive case series study included 121 children and adults (242 eyes). Patients were classified into three groups according to age (children, adolescents, and adults). They underwent uncorrec...
Correlations among UDVA, DVA with ASC, UNVA, and NVA with ASC between the two methods were significant in all subjects (all p < 0.001). The intraclass correlation coefficient were 0.960, 0.845, 0.960,...
There is good agreement between the mobile applet-based VA self-test program and the conventional VA tests. The VA self-test has good practical value especially in the current pandemic, allowing self-...
To validate the Easee web-based tool for the assessment of visual acuity in patients who underwent cataract surgery....
University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands....
Prospective method comparison study....
Subjects aged between 18 and 69 years who underwent cataract surgery on 1 or both eyes at the Maastricht University Medical Center+ were eligible to participate in this study. The uncorrected (UDVA) a...
46 subjects with 75 operated eyes were included in this study. The difference of the UDVA between the web-based tool and ETDRS or Snellen was -0.05 ± 0.10 logMAR ( P < .001 [0.15; -0.26]) and -0.04 ± ...
The web-based tool was validated for the assessment of visual acuity in patients who underwent cataract surgery and showed clinically acceptable outcomes in up to 88% of patients. Most of the particip...
Astronauts are exposed to an austere and constantly changing environment during space travel. To respond to these rapid environmental changes, high levels of dynamic visual acuity (DVA) are required. ...
This study aimed to assess grating visual acuity and functional vision in children with congenital Zika syndrome....
Initial and final grating visual acuity was measured using Teller acuity cards. Cerebral vision impairment standardized tests were used to assess functional vision. Patients were referred to the early...
In this study, 10 children were included with an age range of 1-37 months. Eight patients presented with macular atrophic scars. Neuroimaging revealed microcephaly and cerebral abnormalities in all pa...
The grating visual acuity test revealed low vision in all children with congenital Zika syndrome. Functional vision evaluation revealed cerebral vision impairment characteristics in all patients, who ...