République d'Afrique du Sud : Questions médicales fréquentes
Nom anglais: South Africa
Descriptor UI:D013019
Tree Number:Z01.058.290.175.735
Termes MeSH sélectionnés :
Visual Acuity
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"description": "Comment diagnostiquer le VIH en Afrique du Sud ?\nQuels tests pour la tuberculose ?\nComment identifier le diabète ?\nQuels examens pour l'hypertension ?\nComment dépister le cancer du col ?",
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"description": "Quels sont les facteurs de risque du VIH ?\nQuels facteurs de risque pour la tuberculose ?\nQuels facteurs de risque du diabète ?\nQuels facteurs de risque de l'hypertension ?\nQuels facteurs de risque du cancer du col ?",
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"name": "Comment diagnostiquer le VIH en Afrique du Sud ?",
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"text": "Le diagnostic du VIH se fait par des tests sanguins, comme le test ELISA et la PCR."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels tests pour la tuberculose ?",
"position": 2,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "La tuberculose se diagnostique par des tests cutanés, des radiographies et des cultures."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment identifier le diabète ?",
"position": 3,
"acceptedAnswer": {
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"text": "Le diabète est diagnostiqué par des tests de glycémie à jeun et des tests d'HbA1c."
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},
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"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels examens pour l'hypertension ?",
"position": 4,
"acceptedAnswer": {
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"text": "L'hypertension est diagnostiquée par des mesures répétées de la pression artérielle."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment dépister le cancer du col ?",
"position": 5,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Le dépistage se fait par un frottis cervical et un test HPV."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels sont les symptômes du VIH ?",
"position": 6,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les symptômes incluent fatigue, fièvre, éruptions cutanées et ganglions enflés."
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{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels signes de tuberculose ?",
"position": 7,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Toux persistante, fièvre, sueurs nocturnes et perte de poids sont des signes clés."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels symptômes du diabète ?",
"position": 8,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les symptômes incluent soif excessive, urination fréquente et fatigue."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels signes d'hypertension ?",
"position": 9,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Souvent asymptomatique, mais peut causer maux de tête et vertiges."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels symptômes du cancer du col ?",
"position": 10,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les symptômes peuvent inclure des saignements vaginaux anormaux et des douleurs pelviennes."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment prévenir le VIH ?",
"position": 11,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Utiliser des préservatifs, se faire dépister et prendre des PrEP sont des mesures clés."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quelles mesures pour prévenir la tuberculose ?",
"position": 12,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Vaccination BCG et dépistage régulier sont essentiels pour prévenir la tuberculose."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment prévenir le diabète ?",
"position": 13,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Adopter un mode de vie sain, avec une alimentation équilibrée et de l'exercice régulier."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quelles stratégies pour prévenir l'hypertension ?",
"position": 14,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Maintenir un poids santé, réduire le sel et faire de l'exercice régulièrement."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment prévenir le cancer du col ?",
"position": 15,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Le dépistage régulier et la vaccination contre le HPV sont des mesures préventives."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quel traitement pour le VIH ?",
"position": 16,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Le traitement antirétroviral (TAR) est utilisé pour gérer le VIH."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment traiter la tuberculose ?",
"position": 17,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "La tuberculose se traite avec une combinaison d'antibiotiques sur plusieurs mois."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quel traitement pour le diabète ?",
"position": 18,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Le diabète est traité par des médicaments, insuline et modifications du mode de vie."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment gérer l'hypertension ?",
"position": 19,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "L'hypertension se gère par des médicaments, régime alimentaire et exercice physique."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quel traitement pour le cancer du col ?",
"position": 20,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Le traitement peut inclure chirurgie, radiothérapie et chimiothérapie selon le stade."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quelles complications du VIH ?",
"position": 21,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Le VIH peut entraîner des infections opportunistes et des cancers liés au virus."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quelles complications de la tuberculose ?",
"position": 22,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "La tuberculose peut causer des lésions pulmonaires et des complications systémiques."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quelles complications du diabète ?",
"position": 23,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Le diabète peut entraîner des maladies cardiovasculaires, des neuropathies et des néphropathies."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quelles complications de l'hypertension ?",
"position": 24,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "L'hypertension peut causer des AVC, des crises cardiaques et des maladies rénales."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quelles complications du cancer du col ?",
"position": 25,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les complications peuvent inclure des métastases et des problèmes de fertilité."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels sont les facteurs de risque du VIH ?",
"position": 26,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les comportements à risque, comme les rapports non protégés, augmentent le risque de VIH."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels facteurs de risque pour la tuberculose ?",
"position": 27,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "La malnutrition, le VIH et la vie en milieu urbain densément peuplé sont des facteurs de risque."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels facteurs de risque du diabète ?",
"position": 28,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "L'obésité, le manque d'activité physique et des antécédents familiaux augmentent le risque."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels facteurs de risque de l'hypertension ?",
"position": 29,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "L'âge, l'obésité, le stress et une alimentation riche en sel sont des facteurs de risque."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels facteurs de risque du cancer du col ?",
"position": 30,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les infections par le HPV, le tabagisme et un dépistage irrégulier augmentent le risque."
}
}
]
}
]
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Visual outcomes after primary tumour treatment of uveal melanoma (UM) have been investigated repeatedly. This study evaluates the correlation between best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) before treatme...
Pre-treatment BCVA was examined in relation to tumour dimensions and location, and survival in a retrospective cohort of 1809 patients who underwent plaque brachytherapy. BCVA was also correlated to t...
The mean BCVA of the tumour eye prior to plaque brachytherapy was LogMAR 0.42 (SD 0.46). Patients with low BCVA (LogMAR ≥ 1.00) did not differ in age (p = 0.19) and had similar frequency of ciliary bo...
UM patients with low BCVA before primary tumour treatment have a worse prognosis, likely related to increased tumour dimensions. Future studies should examine the prognostic significance of BCVA in re...
To investigate the association of macular optical coherence tomography (OCT)/OCT angiography (OCTA) parameters with visual acuity (VA) in glaucoma....
144 pseudophakic primary open-angle glaucoma eyes were included. Foveal (fVD), parafoveal (pf), perifoveal (perifVD) and whole-image vessel densities (wiVD) of superficial and deep layers, and their c...
In early glaucoma (80 eyes), no parameter correlated with VA. In moderate-advanced glaucoma (64 eyes), greater FAZ area (β=0.228) and circumference (β=0.063) correlated with worse VA (p<0.05), but not...
Some macular OCT/OCTA parameters were associated with VA in moderate-advanced, but not early glaucoma. These structural parameters may help identify glaucoma patients with impaired vision and reduced ...
NCT00221897....
Successful aging among independent community-dwelling older adults and those in residential settings is paramount to aging in place. The purpose of the current study was to explore how sensory, cognit...
Retinoblastoma (RB) and its associated treatments can significantly impact visual acuity. However, little is known regarding other measures of vision, such as contrast sensitivity or saccades. The aim...
This cross-sectional study included children aged 5-17 years who had completed treatment for RB. Visual acuity, saccades via fixation analysis, and contrast sensitivity by Cardiff contrast sensitivity...
Eleven children were enrolled (mean age, 10.7 ± 3.9 years). Treatment included enucleation (8 children [73%]) and chemotherapy (10 [91%]). Of the 11, one participant was unable to complete testing of ...
Decreased contrast sensitivity and impaired saccades were universally observed in this cohort of RB survivors. Comprehensive visual evaluation should be considered for all RB survivors to provide opti...
One of the characteristics of children with cerebral visual impairments (CVI) is that they need more time to process visual information. However, currently, few tests are available that can reliably m...
To evaluate the causative and risk factors for optic neuropathy with mucocele via imaging studies....
We included 21 patients with rhinogenous optic neuropathy with mucocele. We collected data on the sinus involved, age, sex, number of days from the onset of visual impairment to surgery, and computed ...
After surgery, visual acuity improved in 16/21 (76.2%) patients, and a correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between pre-operative and post-operative visual acuity. In imaging...
Imaging studies of optic neuropathy with mucocele help to determine the risk factors and perform early and precise diagnostic imaging and decision-making for surgery....
This study investigated the long-term visual acuity (VA) outcome in the eyes of children with uveitis and severe visual impairment (SVI; VA ≤ 20/200) at presentation. Fifty-one children [57 eyes; medi...
Despite advances in surgical techniques, cataract remains the leading cause of preventable blindness, and massive surgeries have been adopted as a strategy to change this situation. Monitoring the res...
This is a prospective and longitudinal study in which translation, cultural adaptation and validation of the visual function (VF) and quality of life (QoL) questionnaire were performed. The appearance...
VF and QoL questionnaires showed one-dimension, good values of TLI (0.973, 0.951) and SRMR (0.057, 0.054), and for each item, weights > 0.7, H2 > 0.5, ranges > 5.8 and the RMSEA < 0.08. Correlations f...
The cataract surgery outcomes are outside the WHO recommendations regarding VA, but they have had a great impact on improving VF and QoL. The questionnaires showed excellent psychometric properties an...
We make use of expected information gain to quantify the amount of knowledge obtained from measurements in a population. In the first application, we compared the expected information gain in the Snel...