Titre : Instruments chirurgicaux

Instruments chirurgicaux : Questions médicales fréquentes

Termes MeSH sélectionnés :

Probability
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aux instruments ?\nQuels comportements augmentent les risques d'allergie ?\nComment le type d'intervention influence-t-il les risques ?\nQuels antécédents médicaux augmentent les risques ?", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D013525?mesh_terms=Probability&page=273#section-facteurs de risque" } ] }, { "@type": "FAQPage", "mainEntity": [ { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels sont les types d'instruments chirurgicaux ?", "position": 1, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les types incluent scalpels, ciseaux, pinces, et écarteurs." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment évaluer la qualité d'un instrument chirurgical ?", "position": 2, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "La qualité se mesure par la précision, la durabilité et la facilité d'utilisation." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels matériaux sont utilisés pour les instruments chirurgicaux ?", "position": 3, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Ils sont souvent fabriqués en acier inoxydable, en titane ou en plastique médical." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment stériliser les instruments chirurgicaux ?", "position": 4, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "La stérilisation se fait par autoclave, chaleur sèche ou produits chimiques." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels sont les critères de sécurité pour les instruments ?", "position": 5, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les critères incluent l'absence de bords tranchants, la solidité et la facilité de nettoyage." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels symptômes indiquent un instrument chirurgical défectueux ?", "position": 6, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Des symptômes incluent des coupures inégales, des défaillances de mécanisme ou des rouilles." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment reconnaître une infection liée à un instrument ?", "position": 7, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les signes incluent rougeur, gonflement, douleur et écoulement au site chirurgical." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels signes d'allergie aux matériaux des instruments ?", "position": 8, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les signes incluent éruptions cutanées, démangeaisons ou réactions anaphylactiques." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels symptômes d'une mauvaise manipulation d'instruments ?", "position": 9, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Des symptômes peuvent être des douleurs, des lésions tissulaires ou des saignements." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment identifier une mauvaise stérilisation ?", "position": 10, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Des signes incluent des infections postopératoires ou des complications inattendues." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment prévenir les infections chirurgicales ?", "position": 11, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "La prévention passe par une stérilisation adéquate et des techniques chirurgicales aseptiques." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quelles sont les bonnes pratiques d'utilisation des instruments ?", "position": 12, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les bonnes pratiques incluent la formation, l'inspection régulière et le respect des protocoles." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment choisir des instruments de qualité ?", "position": 13, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Choisissez des instruments certifiés, de marques reconnues et adaptés à l'intervention." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quelles sont les normes de sécurité pour les instruments ?", "position": 14, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les normes incluent des tests de résistance, des contrôles de qualité et des certifications." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment former le personnel à l'utilisation des instruments ?", "position": 15, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "La formation doit inclure des sessions pratiques, des démonstrations et des évaluations régulières." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels traitements pour les infections liées aux instruments ?", "position": 16, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les traitements incluent antibiotiques et, si nécessaire, drainage chirurgical." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment traiter une allergie aux matériaux chirurgicaux ?", "position": 17, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Le traitement consiste en l'évitement des matériaux et l'utilisation d'antihistaminiques." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quelles sont les alternatives aux instruments chirurgicaux traditionnels ?", "position": 18, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les alternatives incluent les instruments à usage unique et les technologies laser." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment gérer les complications chirurgicales ?", "position": 19, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "La gestion inclut une surveillance étroite, des traitements médicaux et parfois une réintervention." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels soins postopératoires pour éviter les infections ?", "position": 20, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les soins incluent le nettoyage régulier, le changement de pansements et l'observation des signes d'infection." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quelles complications peuvent survenir avec des instruments mal stérilisés ?", "position": 21, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les complications incluent des infections, des septicémies et des retards de guérison." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels risques d'allergie aux instruments chirurgicaux ?", "position": 22, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les risques incluent des réactions cutanées, des chocs anaphylactiques et des complications respiratoires." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment gérer une rupture d'instrument pendant une opération ?", "position": 23, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Il faut évaluer la situation, retirer les morceaux et continuer l'opération avec prudence." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels effets secondaires des instruments à usage unique ?", "position": 24, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les effets incluent des coûts élevés et des déchets médicaux accrus, mais moins d'infections." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment prévenir les complications liées aux instruments ?", "position": 25, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "La prévention passe par une formation adéquate, une stérilisation rigoureuse et des contrôles réguliers." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels facteurs augmentent le risque d'infection chirurgicale ?", "position": 26, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les facteurs incluent l'obésité, le diabète, et une mauvaise hygiène préopératoire." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment l'âge influence-t-il les risques liés aux instruments ?", "position": 27, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les personnes âgées ont un risque accru de complications en raison de la fragilité des tissus." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels comportements augmentent les risques d'allergie ?", "position": 28, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les comportements incluent l'exposition répétée à des matériaux allergènes et des antécédents familiaux." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment le type d'intervention influence-t-il les risques ?", "position": 29, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les interventions complexes présentent un risque plus élevé de complications liées aux instruments." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels antécédents médicaux augmentent les risques ?", "position": 30, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les antécédents de maladies auto-immunes ou d'infections récurrentes augmentent les risques." } } ] } ] }

Sources (2731 au total)

Cluster-Based Toxicity Estimation of Osteoradionecrosis via Unsupervised Machine Learning: Moving Beyond Single Dose-Parameter Normal Tissue Complication Probability by Using Whole Dose-Volume Histograms for Cohort Risk Stratification.

Given the limitations of extant models for normal tissue complication probability estimation for osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the mandible, the purpose of this study was to enrich statistical inference... The analysis was conducted on retrospective data of 1,259 head and neck cancer (HNC) patients treated at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center between 2005 and 2015. The (structural) clust... The K-means clustering method identified six clusters among the DVHs. Based on the first five clusters, the dose-volume space was partitioned almost perfectly by the soft-margin SVM into distinct regi... This study presents an unsupervised-learning analysis of a large-scale data set to evaluate the risk of mandibular ORN among HNC patients. The results provide a visual risk-assessment tool (based on t...

Risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment or Probable Dementia in New Users of Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors: A Secondary Analysis of Data From the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT).

The cardiovascular and renal outcomes of angiotensin-II receptor blocker (ARB) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) treatment are well-known; however, few studies have evaluated initiati... To emulate a target trial to evaluate the cognitive outcomes of initiating an ARB- vs ACEI-based antihypertensive regimen in individuals at risk for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and probable dement... Active comparator, new-user observational cohort study design using data from the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT), conducted November 2010 through July 2018. Marginal cause-specifi... New users of ARB vs ACEI during the first 12 months of trial follow-up.... Composite of adjudicated amnestic MCI or PD.... Of 9361 participants, 727 and 1313 new users of an ARB or ACEI, respectively, with well-balanced baseline characteristics between medication exposure groups after inverse probability weighting (mean [... In this observational cohort study of US adults at high cardiovascular disease risk, there was no difference in the rate of amnestic MCI or PD among new users of an ARB compared with ACEI, although 95...

Imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam efficacy, safety and probability of target attainment in adults with hospital-acquired or ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia among patients with baseline renal impairment, normal renal function, and augmented renal clearance.

To assess the relationship between renal function and efficacy/safety of imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam for the treatment of hospital-acquired/ventilator-associated pneumonia (HABP/VABP) from RESTORE-... Adults with HABP/VABP were randomized 1:1 to IV imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam 1.25 g or piperacillin/tazobactam 4.5 g every 6 h for 7-14 days. Initial doses were selected by CL... The modified ITT population comprised those with normal renal function (... Prescribing information-defined dose adjustments in participants with baseline RI and full dosing of imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam 1.25 g every 6 h for participants with normal renal function or augm...

Serum multi-cytokines screening identifies TRAIL and IL-10 as probable new biomarkers for prostate health index diagnostic utility adjustment in grey zone aggressive prostate cancer detection: A single-center data in China.

To identify less invasive and easily applicable serum cytokine-derived biomarkers which contribute to the diagnostic utility and risk assessment ability of the prostate health index (PHI) based multiv... Serum 45 cytokines screening was performed in a small training cohort consisting of 10 sera by Luminex liquid array-based multiplexed immunoassays and identified TRAIL and IL-10 as new biomarkers for ... TRAIL and IL-10 were identified as potential serum biomarkers for AG PCa detection by the result of multi-cytokines screening in the univariate analysis, while multivariable logistic regression confir... We suggest a significant advantage for the PHI-based multivariate combinations of serum TRAIL and IL-10 comparing to PHI or other serum-derived biomarkers alone in the detection and risk stratificatio...

Efficacy and safety of switching from intravenous to oral antibiotics (amoxicillin-clavulanic acid) versus a full course of intravenous antibiotics in neonates with probable bacterial infection (RAIN): a multicentre, randomised, open-label, non-inferiority trial.

Switching from intravenous antibiotic therapy to oral antibiotic therapy among neonates is not yet practised in high-income settings due to uncertainties about exposure and safety. We aimed to assess ... In this multicentre, randomised, open-label, non-inferiority trial, patients were recruited at 17 hospitals in the Netherlands. Neonates (postmenstrual age ≥35 weeks, postnatal age 0-28 days, bodyweig... Between Feb 8, 2018 and May 12, 2021, 510 neonates were randomly assigned (n=255 oral amoxicillin-clavulanic group; n=255 intravenous antibiotic group). After excluding those who withdrew consent (n=4... An early intravenous-to-oral antibiotic switch with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid is non-inferior to a full course of intravenous antibiotics in neonates with probable bacterial infection and is not ass... The Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development, Innovatiefonds Zorgverzekeraars, and the Sophia Foundation for Scientific Research....

'I probably wouldn't want to talk about anything too personal': A qualitative exploration of how issues of privacy, confidentiality and surveillance in the home impact on access and engagement with online services and spaces for care-experienced young people.

This paper draws on a qualitative interview-based study that explored online mental health and wellbeing interventions and services for care-experienced young people. The study involved young people (...

Risk and survival of patients with non-small cell lung cancer and pre-existing autoimmune disorders receiving immune checkpoint blockade therapy: Survival analysis with inverse probability weighting from a nationwide, multi-institutional, retrospective study (NEJ047).

The risk and survival of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with pre-existing autoimmune disorders (AIDs) receiving immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy have not been clearly establi... This multi-institutional, retrospective cohort study was conducted in collaboration with 20 centers in Japan.... In total, 229 patients with advanced or recurrent NSCLC and pre-existing AID, with or without ICB treatment from January 2010-February 2020, were included and analyzed. Among 69 patients who received ... These findings revealed a novel risk factor for AID flares following ICB treatment, that is the diagnosis of NSCLC within 1 year of AID diagnosis, and showed that ICBs may improve survival in this pop...

Mandibular dose-volume predicts time-to-osteoradionecrosis in an actuarial normal-tissue complication probability (NTCP) model: External validation of right-censored clinico-dosimetric and competing risk application across international multi-institutional observational cohorts and online graphical user interface clinical support tool assessment.

Existing studies on osteoradionecrosis of the jaw (ORNJ) have primarily used cross-sectional data, assessing risk factors at a single time point. Determining the time-to-event profile of ORNJ has impo... Demographic, clinical and dosimetric data were retrospectively obtained for a clinical observational cohort of 1129 patients with HNC treated with radiotherapy (RT) at The University of Texas MD Ander... Our model identified that each unit increase in D25% is significantly associated with a 12% shorter time to ORNJ (Adjusted Time Ratio [ATR] 0·88, p<0·005); pre-RT dental extractions was associated to ... This study is the first to demonstrate a direct relationship between radiation dose and the time to ORNJ onset, providing a novel characterization of the impact of delivered dose not only on the proba... This work was supported by various funding sources including NIH, NIDCR, NCI, NAPT, NASA, BCM, Affirmed Pharma, CRUK, KWF Dutch Cancer Society, NWO ZonMw, and the Apache Corporation....