Titre : Toilettes

Toilettes : Questions médicales fréquentes

Termes MeSH sélectionnés :

Refractive Errors
{ "@context": "https://schema.org", "@graph": [ { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Toilettes : Questions médicales les plus fréquentes", "headline": "Toilettes : Comprendre les symptômes, diagnostics et traitements", "description": "Guide complet et accessible sur les Toilettes : explications, diagnostics, traitements et prévention. Information médicale validée destinée aux patients.", "datePublished": "2024-02-06", "dateModified": "2025-05-01", "inLanguage": "fr", "medicalAudience": [ { "@type": "MedicalAudience", "name": "Grand public", "audienceType": "Patient", "healthCondition": { "@type": "MedicalCondition", "name": "Toilettes" }, "suggestedMinAge": 18, "suggestedGender": "unisex" }, { "@type": "MedicalAudience", "name": "Médecins", "audienceType": "Physician", "geographicArea": { "@type": "AdministrativeArea", "name": "France" } }, { "@type": "MedicalAudience", "name": "Chercheurs", "audienceType": "Researcher", "geographicArea": { "@type": "AdministrativeArea", "name": "International" } } ], "reviewedBy": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Dr Olivier Menir", "jobTitle": "Expert en Médecine", "description": "Expert en Médecine, Optimisation des Parcours de Soins et Révision Médicale", "url": "/static/pages/docteur-olivier-menir.html", "alumniOf": { "@type": "EducationalOrganization", "name": "Université Paris Descartes" } }, "isPartOf": { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Génie sanitaire", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D012498", "about": { "@type": "MedicalCondition", "name": "Génie sanitaire", "code": { "@type": "MedicalCode", "code": "D012498", "codingSystem": "MeSH" }, "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "MeSH Tree", "value": "N06.850.860.510" } } }, "about": { "@type": "MedicalCondition", "name": "Toilettes", "alternateName": "Toilet Facilities", "code": { "@type": "MedicalCode", "code": "D014038", "codingSystem": "MeSH" } }, "author": [ { "@type": "Person", "name": "Peter Mayer", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/Peter%20Mayer", "affiliation": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "HCI Group, Institute of Visual Computing and Human-Centered Technology, TU Wien (Vienna University of Technology), Vienna, Austria." } }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Paul Panek", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/Paul%20Panek", "affiliation": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "HCI Group, Institute of Visual Computing and Human-Centered Technology, TU Wien (Vienna University of Technology), Vienna, Austria." } }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Seth Eisenberg", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/Seth%20Eisenberg", "affiliation": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Seth Eisenberg is an oncology nursing consultant and the former professional practice coordinator of infusion services at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle. AnnMarie Walton is an associate professor at the Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, NC. Thomas Harry Connor is a retired hazardous drug researcher for the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and a former associate professor at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston. Contact author: Thomas Harry Connor, tconnor1@cinci.rr.com. The authors have disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise." } }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Changjie Cai", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/Changjie%20Cai", "affiliation": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Hudson College of Public Health, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, The University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma." } }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Chengzhi Yu", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/Chengzhi%20Yu", "affiliation": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China zhouxuefei@tongji.edu.cn +86-21-6598-2693." } } ], "citation": [ { "@type": "ScholarlyArticle", "name": "Effect of peripheral defocus on axial growth and modulation of refractive error in children with anisohyperopia.", "datePublished": "2023-04-07", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/37026593", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.1111/opo.13139" } }, { "@type": "ScholarlyArticle", "name": "Prevalence of refractive errors in Nepalese children and adults: a systematic review with meta-analysis.", "datePublished": "2023-01-10", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/36628479", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.1080/08164622.2022.2153582" } }, { "@type": "ScholarlyArticle", "name": "Parents' Awareness of and Perspectives on Childhood Refractive Error and Spectacle Wear in Saudi Arabia.", "datePublished": "2022-11-07", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/36407696", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.18295/squmj.10.2021.141" } }, { "@type": "ScholarlyArticle", "name": "Using electronic medical record data to establish and monitor the distribution of refractive errors", "datePublished": "2022-10-08", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/36220741", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.1016/j.optom.2022.09.001" } }, { "@type": "ScholarlyArticle", "name": "Refractive error characteristics and influence on ocular parameters in patients with unilateral congenital ptosis.", "datePublished": "2022-07-02", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/35780098", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.1186/s12886-022-02511-x" } } ], "breadcrumb": { "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 1, "name": "questionsmedicales.fr", "item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 2, "name": "Environnement et santé publique", "item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D004778" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 3, "name": "Santé publique", "item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D011634" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 4, "name": "Amélioration du niveau sanitaire", "item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D012499" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 5, "name": "Génie sanitaire", "item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D012498" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 6, "name": "Toilettes", "item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D014038" } ] } }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Article complet : Toilettes - Questions et réponses", "headline": "Questions et réponses médicales fréquentes sur Toilettes", "description": "Une compilation de questions et réponses structurées, validées par des experts médicaux.", "datePublished": "2025-05-17", "inLanguage": "fr", "hasPart": [ { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Diagnostic", "headline": "Diagnostic sur Toilettes", "description": "Comment diagnostiquer une infection urinaire liée aux toilettes ?\nQuels tests pour évaluer l'hygiène des toilettes publiques ?\nComment identifier une allergie aux produits de nettoyage des toilettes ?\nQuels signes indiquent une mauvaise ventilation des toilettes ?\nComment évaluer la sécurité des installations sanitaires ?", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D014038?mesh_terms=Refractive+Errors&page=3#section-diagnostic" }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Symptômes", "headline": "Symptômes sur Toilettes", "description": "Quels symptômes d'une infection due à des toilettes sales ?\nComment reconnaître une irritation cutanée liée aux toilettes ?\nQuels signes d'une intoxication par des produits de nettoyage ?\nQuels symptômes d'une mauvaise hygiène des toilettes ?\nComment identifier une infection fongique liée aux toilettes ?", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D014038?mesh_terms=Refractive+Errors&page=3#section-symptômes" }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Prévention", "headline": "Prévention sur Toilettes", "description": "Comment prévenir les infections liées aux toilettes publiques ?\nQuelles mesures d'hygiène pour les toilettes à domicile ?\nComment éviter les irritations cutanées liées aux toilettes ?\nQuelles pratiques pour une bonne ventilation des toilettes ?\nComment sensibiliser à l'hygiène des toilettes ?", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D014038?mesh_terms=Refractive+Errors&page=3#section-prévention" }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Traitements", "headline": "Traitements sur Toilettes", "description": "Quel traitement pour une infection urinaire liée aux toilettes ?\nComment traiter une irritation cutanée causée par des toilettes ?\nQuels traitements pour une intoxication par des produits de nettoyage ?\nComment traiter les infections dues à une mauvaise hygiène des toilettes ?\nQuel traitement pour une infection fongique liée aux toilettes ?", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D014038?mesh_terms=Refractive+Errors&page=3#section-traitements" }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Complications", "headline": "Complications sur Toilettes", "description": "Quelles complications d'une infection urinaire non traitée ?\nQuels risques d'une mauvaise hygiène des toilettes ?\nQuelles complications d'une irritation cutanée persistante ?\nQuels dangers d'une intoxication par des produits de nettoyage ?\nQuelles complications d'une infection fongique non traitée ?", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D014038?mesh_terms=Refractive+Errors&page=3#section-complications" }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Facteurs de risque", "headline": "Facteurs de risque sur Toilettes", "description": "Quels facteurs de risque pour les infections urinaires ?\nQuels sont les facteurs de risque d'irritation cutanée ?\nQuels facteurs de risque d'intoxication par des produits de nettoyage ?\nQuels facteurs de risque liés à la mauvaise hygiène des toilettes ?\nQuels facteurs de risque d'infections fongiques ?", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D014038?mesh_terms=Refractive+Errors&page=3#section-facteurs de risque" } ] }, { "@type": "FAQPage", "mainEntity": [ { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment diagnostiquer une infection urinaire liée aux toilettes ?", "position": 1, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Un diagnostic se fait par analyse d'urine et évaluation des symptômes." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels tests pour évaluer l'hygiène des toilettes publiques ?", "position": 2, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Des tests microbiologiques peuvent être réalisés pour détecter des pathogènes." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment identifier une allergie aux produits de nettoyage des toilettes ?", "position": 3, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Un allergologue peut effectuer des tests cutanés pour confirmer l'allergie." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels signes indiquent une mauvaise ventilation des toilettes ?", "position": 4, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Des odeurs persistantes et une humidité excessive peuvent signaler un problème." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment évaluer la sécurité des installations sanitaires ?", "position": 5, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Des inspections régulières et des audits de sécurité sont nécessaires." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels symptômes d'une infection due à des toilettes sales ?", "position": 6, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Des douleurs abdominales, des démangeaisons et des infections cutanées peuvent survenir." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment reconnaître une irritation cutanée liée aux toilettes ?", "position": 7, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Rougeurs, démangeaisons et éruptions cutanées autour de la zone génitale sont des signes." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels signes d'une intoxication par des produits de nettoyage ?", "position": 8, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Nausées, vomissements et irritations respiratoires peuvent indiquer une intoxication." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels symptômes d'une mauvaise hygiène des toilettes ?", "position": 9, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Infections récurrentes, odeurs désagréables et maladies gastro-intestinales peuvent apparaître." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment identifier une infection fongique liée aux toilettes ?", "position": 10, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Des démangeaisons et des pertes inhabituelles peuvent indiquer une infection fongique." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment prévenir les infections liées aux toilettes publiques ?", "position": 11, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Utiliser des désinfectants et éviter le contact direct avec les surfaces est essentiel." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quelles mesures d'hygiène pour les toilettes à domicile ?", "position": 12, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Un nettoyage régulier et l'utilisation de produits désinfectants sont recommandés." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment éviter les irritations cutanées liées aux toilettes ?", "position": 13, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Utiliser des papiers hygiéniques doux et éviter les produits irritants aide à prévenir." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quelles pratiques pour une bonne ventilation des toilettes ?", "position": 14, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Installer des ventilateurs et ouvrir les fenêtres régulièrement améliore la ventilation." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment sensibiliser à l'hygiène des toilettes ?", "position": 15, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Des campagnes d'éducation et des affiches informatives peuvent sensibiliser le public." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quel traitement pour une infection urinaire liée aux toilettes ?", "position": 16, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Des antibiotiques sont souvent prescrits pour traiter les infections urinaires." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment traiter une irritation cutanée causée par des toilettes ?", "position": 17, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Des crèmes apaisantes et des antihistaminiques peuvent soulager l'irritation." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels traitements pour une intoxication par des produits de nettoyage ?", "position": 18, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Un traitement d'urgence peut inclure le lavage de l'estomac et des soins symptomatiques." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment traiter les infections dues à une mauvaise hygiène des toilettes ?", "position": 19, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Des antibiotiques et des conseils d'hygiène sont recommandés pour prévenir les infections." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quel traitement pour une infection fongique liée aux toilettes ?", "position": 20, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Des antifongiques topiques ou oraux peuvent être prescrits selon la gravité." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quelles complications d'une infection urinaire non traitée ?", "position": 21, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Des complications peuvent inclure des infections rénales et des problèmes de santé graves." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels risques d'une mauvaise hygiène des toilettes ?", "position": 22, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Une mauvaise hygiène peut entraîner des épidémies de maladies infectieuses et gastro-intestinales." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quelles complications d'une irritation cutanée persistante ?", "position": 23, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Des infections secondaires et des cicatrices peuvent survenir si l'irritation persiste." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels dangers d'une intoxication par des produits de nettoyage ?", "position": 24, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Des complications respiratoires et neurologiques peuvent survenir en cas d'intoxication." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quelles complications d'une infection fongique non traitée ?", "position": 25, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Des infections récurrentes et des complications systémiques peuvent se développer." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels facteurs de risque pour les infections urinaires ?", "position": 26, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "L'utilisation de toilettes publiques, l'hygiène insuffisante et la déshydratation augmentent le risque." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels sont les facteurs de risque d'irritation cutanée ?", "position": 27, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "L'utilisation de produits irritants et une peau sensible sont des facteurs de risque." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels facteurs de risque d'intoxication par des produits de nettoyage ?", "position": 28, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Un stockage inapproprié et un manque de formation sur l'utilisation des produits augmentent le risque." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels facteurs de risque liés à la mauvaise hygiène des toilettes ?", "position": 29, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Un accès limité à des installations sanitaires et un manque de sensibilisation sont des risques." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels facteurs de risque d'infections fongiques ?", "position": 30, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Une humidité excessive et un environnement chaud favorisent les infections fongiques." } } ] } ] }

Sources (4282 au total)

Effect of peripheral defocus on axial growth and modulation of refractive error in children with anisohyperopia.

To establish whether axial growth and refractive error can be modulated in anisohyperopic children by imposing relative peripheral hyperopic defocus (RPHD) using multifocal soft contact lenses.... This study is a prospective, controlled paired-eye study with anisohyperopic children. Axial growth and refractive error were observed without intervention for the first 6 months of the 3-year trial w... Eleven participants, mean age of 10.56 years (SD 1.43; range 8.25-13.42), completed the trial. No increase in axial length (AL) was found during the first 6 months in either eye (p > 0.99). Axial grow... Imposing RPHD using the centre-near, multifocal, contact lens specified here did not accelerate axial growth nor reduce refractive error in anisohyperopic children....

Prevalence of refractive errors in Nepalese children and adults: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

Country-specific estimates of the prevalence of refractive errors are important to formulate national eye health policies for refractive care services.... The purpose of this study was to systematically synthesise available literature and estimate the prevalence of refractive errors in the Nepalese population.... PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for articles on refractive errors and presbyopia published in English language until 27 September 2022. Population and school-... A total of 38 studies with 101 701 participants were included: 18 studies in children (n = 31 596) and 20 in adults (n = 70 105). In children, the estimated pooled prevalence of overall refractive err... The pooled prevalence of refractive errors is relatively low while uncorrected refractive errors and presbyopia are high in Nepalese population suggesting a need for better access to refractive care s...

Parents' Awareness of and Perspectives on Childhood Refractive Error and Spectacle Wear in Saudi Arabia.

This study aimed to assess parents' awareness of and perspectives on childhood refractive errors in Saudi Arabia.... This cross-sectional study was conducted between October and November 2020 in public schools across different regions of Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using an online questionnaire that assessed p... A total of 358 parents from different regions of Saudi Arabia completed the questionnaire and were obtained in this study (response rate: 85%). Approximately one third (38.3%) of the parents reported ... The level of awareness and perceptions regarding childhood refractive errors and spectacle wear was low among parents. Therefore, a policy is needed to improve the awareness and perception of the key ...

Using electronic medical record data to establish and monitor the distribution of refractive errors

To establish the baseline distribution of refractive errors and associated factors amongst a population that attended primary care optometry clinics.... Retrospective cross sectional cohort study of electronic medical records (EMR).... Electronic medical record data was extracted from forty optometry clinics, representing a mix of urban and rural areas in Ireland. The analysis was confined to demographic and clinical data gathered o... 153,598 clinic records were eligible for analysis. Refractive errors ranged from -26.00 to +18.50 D. Myopia was present in 32.7%, of which high myopia represented 2.4%, hyperopia in 40.1%, astigmatism... Although EMR data is not representative of the population as a whole, it is likely to provide a reasonable representation of the distribution of clinically significant (symptomatic) refractive errors....

Refractive error characteristics and influence on ocular parameters in patients with unilateral congenital ptosis.

The study aimed to investigate the difference in refractive status and ocular parameters between ptotic and fellow eyes in patients with unilateral congenital ptosis.... Thirty patients (53% males, age 22.00 ± 11.41 years) with unilateral congenital ptosis diagnosed and treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun-yat Sen University were enrolled and underwent deta... A lower BCVA (logMAR, median (IQR), 0.00 (- 0.13,0.00), P = 0.009) and a higher incidence of amblyopia (n (%), 7(23%), P = 0.016) were observed in ptotic eyes. The CCT of ptotic eyes was greater than ... Congenital ptosis influences ocular parameters, mainly causing a thicker and flatter cornea. Patients with unilateral congenital ptosis might have lower BCVA in the ptotic eyes....

Ocular biometry measures and their correlation with refractive error in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children.

The ocular biometry measures of the eye determine the refractive status, and while most refractive error develops during childhood, the ocular biometry measures of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islande... To investigate the ocular biometry of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children, including measures important in determining refractive error and those which relate to the risk of ocular disease.... Participants included 252 primary and secondary school children (Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander: 101; non-Indigenous: 151), aged between 4 and 18 years. Habitual monocular distance visual acuit... The mean (±SD) spherical equivalent refractive error of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children was significantly less hyperopic than non-Indigenous children (Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islan... Differences exist in the refractive error, lens power, central corneal thickness, and intraocular pressure of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children compared to non-Indigenous Australian child...

Prevalence of uncorrected distance refractive errors and associated risk factors in employees of an academic centre.

Uncorrected refractive error (RE) may affect the work performance of adults in the workplace. The aim of current study was to determine the prevalence of corrected and uncorrected RE, and the determin... This was a cross-sectional study of Tehran University Medical Sciences' staff. Besides demographic and some specific questionnaires, ophthalmic examinations including the measurement of uncorrected vi... In total, 4460 individuals with mean age of 42.32 ± 8.80 were included in the study. The VA of the better eye was 0.01 ± 0.05 logMAR for BCVA, 0.13 ± 0.26 for UCVA, and 0.05 ± 0.12 for presenting VA. ... The prevalence of uncorrected RE and spectacle coverage were 5% and 10.7%, respectively. Myopia was almost three times more likely to be associated among employees with uncorrected RE....

Prevalence and association of uncorrected refractive error among Chinese adolescents: a cross-sectional study.

Uncorrected refractive error (URE) is one of the main causes of visual impairments. URE may reduce interaction and learning in the classroom, leading to social isolation, irreversible amblyopia, lack ... A cross-sectional school-based study was conducted in Nantong, China, including adolescents 12-19 years of age from 16 schools. URE was defined as presenting visual acuity worse than 6/12 and improvin... A total of 2,910 adolescents were analyzed, of which 50.3% (n = 1,465) were male, and 49.7% (n = 1,445) were female. The mean age was 15.23 ± 1.77 years. The overall prevalence of URE was 23.7%. The t... URE was highly prevalent among adolescents in China. Myopia was the most important risk factor for URE. The impact of anisometropia and increased daily use of electronic devices on URE was significant...