Vaccins contre les hépatites virales : Questions médicales fréquentes
Nom anglais: Viral Hepatitis Vaccines
Descriptor UI:D014761
Tree Number:D20.215.894.899.955
Termes MeSH sélectionnés :
Tuberculin Test
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"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels sont les symptômes de l'hépatite A ?",
"position": 1,
"acceptedAnswer": {
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"text": "Les symptômes incluent fatigue, nausées, douleurs abdominales et jaunisse."
}
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{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "L'hépatite B peut-elle être asymptomatique ?",
"position": 2,
"acceptedAnswer": {
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"text": "Oui, de nombreuses personnes infectées par l'hépatite B ne présentent pas de symptômes."
}
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"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment se manifeste l'hépatite C ?",
"position": 3,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les symptômes peuvent inclure fatigue, douleurs articulaires et jaunisse, mais souvent absents."
}
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{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels signes indiquent une hépatite aiguë ?",
"position": 4,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les signes incluent une forte fièvre, des douleurs abdominales et une urine foncée."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "L'hépatite virale peut-elle causer des complications ?",
"position": 5,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, des complications comme la cirrhose ou le cancer du foie peuvent survenir."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment les vaccins contre l'hépatite A sont-ils administrés ?",
"position": 6,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Ils sont généralement administrés par injection intramusculaire en deux doses."
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},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Qui devrait recevoir le vaccin contre l'hépatite B ?",
"position": 7,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Il est recommandé pour tous les nourrissons, les enfants et les adultes à risque."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les vaccins contre l'hépatite A sont-ils efficaces ?",
"position": 8,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, ils offrent une protection d'environ 95% après la vaccination complète."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "À quel âge doit-on vacciner les enfants contre l'hépatite B ?",
"position": 9,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "La vaccination doit commencer à la naissance, avec des doses supplémentaires à 1 et 6 mois."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les voyageurs doivent-ils se faire vacciner contre l'hépatite A ?",
"position": 10,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, la vaccination est recommandée pour les voyageurs se rendant dans des zones à risque."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quel est le traitement de l'hépatite A ?",
"position": 11,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Il n'existe pas de traitement spécifique ; le repos et l'hydratation sont recommandés."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment traite-t-on l'hépatite B chronique ?",
"position": 12,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Des antiviraux peuvent être prescrits pour contrôler l'infection et prévenir les complications."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "L'hépatite C est-elle curable ?",
"position": 13,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, des traitements antiviraux modernes peuvent guérir l'hépatite C dans la plupart des cas."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels médicaments sont utilisés pour l'hépatite B ?",
"position": 14,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les médicaments comme le ténofovir et l'entécavir sont couramment utilisés."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Y a-t-il un vaccin pour l'hépatite C ?",
"position": 15,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Actuellement, il n'existe pas de vaccin efficace contre l'hépatite C."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quelles sont les complications de l'hépatite B ?",
"position": 16,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les complications incluent la cirrhose, le cancer du foie et l'insuffisance hépatique."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "L'hépatite A peut-elle causer des complications ?",
"position": 17,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Rarement, mais des complications comme l'insuffisance hépatique peuvent survenir chez les personnes âgées."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels risques sont associés à l'hépatite C ?",
"position": 18,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "L'hépatite C peut entraîner des maladies hépatiques chroniques et des cancers du foie."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment prévenir les complications de l'hépatite ?",
"position": 19,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "La vaccination, le dépistage régulier et un mode de vie sain aident à prévenir les complications."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les complications de l'hépatite peuvent-elles être réversibles ?",
"position": 20,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Certaines complications, comme la fibrose, peuvent être réversibles avec un traitement approprié."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels sont les facteurs de risque pour l'hépatite A ?",
"position": 21,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les facteurs incluent le voyage dans des zones à risque et la consommation d'eau contaminée."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Qui est à risque d'hépatite B ?",
"position": 22,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les personnes ayant des rapports sexuels non protégés et les utilisateurs de drogues injectables sont à risque."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "L'hépatite C est-elle transmissible par le sang ?",
"position": 23,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, l'hépatite C se transmet principalement par le sang, notamment via les transfusions."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les travailleurs de la santé sont-ils à risque d'hépatite ?",
"position": 24,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, ils sont exposés à un risque accru d'infection par contact avec le sang."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les personnes atteintes de maladies chroniques sont-elles plus à risque ?",
"position": 25,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, elles peuvent avoir un risque accru de complications liées à l'hépatite."
}
}
]
}
]
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Heavy exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiologic agent of tuberculosis (TB) and among the top infectious killers worldwide, results in infection that is cleared, contained, or progresses to...
The World Health Organization recommends tuberculosis (TB) preventive treatment (TPT) for all people living with HIV (PLH) and household contacts (HHC) of index TB patients. Tests for TB infection (TB...
This superiority cluster-randomized multicenter trial with three arms of equal size compares, in Benin and Brazil, three strategies for HHC investigation aged 0-50: (i) tuberculin skin testing (TST) o...
This randomized trial is meant to provide high-quality evidence to inform WHO recommendations on investigation of household contacts, as currently these are based on very low-quality evidence....
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04528823....
To compare the positive rates of IGRA and TST in detection of LTBI....
We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library on March 12, 2022. A random-effects model was used to calculate pooled results....
We included 458 head-to-head studies. Compared with immunocompetent controls, TST positive rate in immunosuppressed population decreased more than IGRA positive rate (OR 0.36 [95% CI: 0.31 to 0.41] ve...
TST is more susceptible to immunosuppression than IGRA. The effect of BCG on TST might be weakened in high-TB burden areas, and TST response waned in the elderly....
PROSPERO CRD42020180163....
During the past decade, the frequency of extrapulmonary forms of tuberculosis (TB) has increased. These forms are often miss-diagnosed. This statement of the TB epidemiological profile modification, c...
This was a case-control, multicenter study conducted in 11 anti-TB centers in Tunisia (June-November2014). The cases were adults aged between 18 and 55 years with newly diagnosed and confirmed tubercu...
Overall, 1050 patients were enrolled, composed of 336 cases and 714 controls. The mean age was 38.3±11.8 years for cases and 33.6±11 years for controls.The mean diameter of the TST induration was sign...
TST could be a useful tool used for active tuberculosis detection, with a moderate global performance and accepted sensitivity and specificity at the cut-off point of 11 mm. However, it cannot be cons...
To compare QuantiFERON-TB Gold-in-Tube (QFT) and tuberculin skin test (TST) in the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among people living with HIV (PLWHIV)....
A cross-sectional study was carried out between 2017-2018. Tuberculin skin test and QFT were performed and their concordance was measured. The gold standard for LTBI was defined as positivity to any o...
A total of 510 PLWHIV were included, with 409 (80.2%) being male. The mean age of the patients was 41.3 ± 11.8 years. The median time since HIV diagnosis was 5 years (IQR 2-10), with a median CD4...
There was fair agreement between tests in PLWHIV. In conditions of limited access to QTF, a TST-based strategy could be considered, with sequential use of QTF in high-risk patients with a negative res...
The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation candidates, using tuberculin skin test and QuantiFERON-TB...
Tumor-necrosis-factor-α inhibitors (anti-TNF-α) are associated with an increased risk of tuberculosis (TB) disease, primarily due to reactivation of latent TB infection (LTBI). We assessed the perform...
A substantial number of patients were diagnosed with LTBI during screening. The dual strategy identified more cases than either of the tests alone, and test agreement was only moderate. Our data show ...
• The optimal screening strategy for latent tuberculosis in children with immune-mediated inflammatory disorders remains uncertain. • Children receiving anti-TNF-α drugs are at increased risk of devel...
• A dual screening strategy, using TST and an IGRA assay, identified more children with latent tuberculosis than either of the tests alone. • Identification and treatment of latent tuberculosis before...
Tuberculosis outbreaks in schools are common in China. This study aimed to introduce and evaluate a new screening process to help control outbreaks....
Screening information of students in three schools with tuberculosis outbreaks was collected. QuantiFERON-TB gold in-tube (QFT) results were used as the reference standard to determine the cutoff valu...
A total of 1,232 students and teachers from three different schools that all had more than three student patients with tuberculosis were included in this study. In total, 308 (25.0%) students had an i...
In tuberculosis outbreaks in schools, if there are three or more cases of students with tuberculosis in a class or if the moderate or strong TST positivity rate is much higher than the normal range in...
To evaluate the tuberculin skin test (TST) conversion in chronic inflammatory arthropathies (CIA) patients on TNFα inhibitors (TNFi) and without previous latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) treatment...
Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) with negative LTBI were retrospectively evaluated for TST conversion and active tuberculosis (TB) aft...
A total of 355 CIA patients on TNFi were screened and 138 (38.9%) did not fulfill the inclusion criteria. Of the remaining 217 CIA patients, 81 (37.3%) repeated TST during TNFi treatment. TST conversi...
These results indicate that TST repetition is associated with a high conversion rate, suggesting the need for recommended treatment. The delayed repetition of TST and low number of active TB cases ham...
To determine whether Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-induced monocyte transcriptional responses differ in people with HIV (PWH) who do (RSTR) or do not (LTBI) resist tuberculin skin test/interferon-γ...
We compared ex-vivo Mtb-induced monocyte transcriptional responses in a Ugandan tuberculosis (TB) household contact study of RSTR and LTBI individuals among PWH....
Monocytes were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 19 household contacts of pulmonary TB patients, and their transcriptional profiles were measured with RNA-Seq after a 6 h infection...
Among PWH, we identified 8341 DEGs that were dependent on Mtb stimulation [false discovery rate (FDR) <0.01]. Of these, 350 were not significant (FDR >0.2) in individuals without HIV. Additionally, we...
RSTR monocytes in PWH show different gene expressions in response to Mtb infection when compared with those with LTBI and RSTR without HIV. These differential expression patterns are enriched in infla...
