La virulence peut être évaluée par des tests de culture, des modèles animaux et des analyses génétiques.
VirulencePathogénie
#2
Quels tests sont utilisés pour diagnostiquer une infection virulente ?
Des cultures microbiologiques, des tests PCR et des sérologies sont couramment utilisés.
InfectionsTests de diagnostic
#3
La virulence peut-elle être mesurée quantitativement ?
Oui, des indices comme le LD50 (dose létale) permettent de quantifier la virulence.
VirulenceDose létale
#4
Quels signes cliniques indiquent une virulence élevée ?
Une virulence élevée se manifeste par des symptômes graves, une progression rapide de la maladie.
SymptômesInfections
#5
Comment les tests génétiques aident-ils au diagnostic ?
Les tests génétiques identifient des gènes de virulence spécifiques, facilitant le diagnostic.
GénétiqueVirulence
Symptômes
5
#1
Quels sont les symptômes d'une infection virulente ?
Les symptômes varient, mais incluent fièvre, douleur, inflammation et fatigue intense.
SymptômesInfections
#2
La virulence influence-t-elle la gravité des symptômes ?
Oui, une virulence élevée entraîne souvent des symptômes plus graves et des complications.
VirulenceComplications
#3
Quels symptômes sont associés à des bactéries hautement virulentes ?
Des symptômes comme septicémie, choc toxique et défaillance multi-organes peuvent survenir.
BactériesSepticémie
#4
Les symptômes varient-ils selon le pathogène ?
Oui, chaque pathogène a un profil symptomatique distinct en fonction de sa virulence.
PathogénieSymptômes
#5
Comment les symptômes évoluent-ils avec la virulence ?
Une virulence accrue peut entraîner une progression rapide et des symptômes plus sévères.
VirulenceÉvolution des maladies
Prévention
5
#1
Comment prévenir les infections virulentes ?
La prévention inclut l'hygiène, la vaccination et l'éducation sur les modes de transmission.
PréventionVaccination
#2
Les mesures d'hygiène réduisent-elles la virulence ?
Oui, une bonne hygiène diminue la transmission et donc l'impact de la virulence.
HygièneTransmission
#3
Quel rôle joue la vaccination dans la virulence ?
La vaccination prépare le système immunitaire, réduisant ainsi la virulence des infections.
VaccinationImmunité
#4
Les campagnes de sensibilisation sont-elles efficaces ?
Oui, elles augmentent la connaissance des risques et des mesures préventives contre la virulence.
SensibilisationPrévention
#5
Comment le contrôle des infections aide-t-il à prévenir la virulence ?
Le contrôle des infections limite la propagation des agents pathogènes virulents dans la population.
Contrôle des infectionsVirulence
Traitements
5
#1
Quels traitements sont efficaces contre les infections virulentes ?
Les antibiotiques, antiviraux et traitements symptomatiques sont utilisés selon le pathogène.
TraitementsInfections
#2
La résistance aux antibiotiques affecte-t-elle la virulence ?
Oui, la résistance peut augmenter la virulence en rendant les infections plus difficiles à traiter.
Résistance aux antibiotiquesVirulence
#3
Comment la virulence influence-t-elle le choix du traitement ?
Une virulence élevée nécessite souvent des traitements plus agressifs et une surveillance étroite.
TraitementsSurveillance médicale
#4
Les vaccins peuvent-ils réduire la virulence ?
Oui, les vaccins peuvent diminuer la virulence en préparant le système immunitaire à réagir.
VaccinsImmunité
#5
Quels sont les défis dans le traitement des infections virulentes ?
Les défis incluent la résistance aux médicaments, la virulence variable et les co-infections.
InfectionsRésistance aux médicaments
Complications
5
#1
Quelles complications peuvent survenir avec une virulence élevée ?
Des complications comme la septicémie, l'insuffisance organique et la mort peuvent survenir.
ComplicationsSepticémie
#2
La virulence peut-elle entraîner des complications à long terme ?
Oui, certaines infections virulentes peuvent causer des séquelles chroniques et des maladies persistantes.
ComplicationsMaladies chroniques
#3
Comment gérer les complications liées à la virulence ?
La gestion inclut un traitement rapide, un suivi médical et des soins de soutien appropriés.
Gestion des complicationsSoins de soutien
#4
Les complications varient-elles selon le pathogène ?
Oui, chaque pathogène peut entraîner des complications spécifiques en fonction de sa virulence.
PathogénieComplications
#5
Quels facteurs aggravent les complications virulentes ?
L'âge, les comorbidités et l'immunodépression peuvent aggraver les complications virulentes.
Facteurs de risqueImmunodépression
Facteurs de risque
5
#1
Quels sont les principaux facteurs de risque de virulence ?
Les facteurs incluent l'âge, l'état immunitaire, les maladies chroniques et l'exposition environnementale.
Facteurs de risqueImmunité
#2
L'immunodépression augmente-t-elle la virulence ?
Oui, les personnes immunodéprimées sont plus susceptibles de développer des infections virulentes.
ImmunodépressionVirulence
#3
Comment l'environnement influence-t-il la virulence ?
Des conditions environnementales comme l'hygiène et la densité de population affectent la virulence.
EnvironnementTransmission
#4
Les habitudes de vie peuvent-elles affecter la virulence ?
Oui, des habitudes comme le tabagisme et l'alcoolisme peuvent augmenter le risque d'infections virulentes.
Habitudes de vieFacteurs de risque
#5
Les voyages augmentent-ils le risque de virulence ?
Oui, les voyages peuvent exposer à des agents pathogènes virulents non présents localement.
VoyagesInfections
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College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China.
CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.
Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China.
CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.
Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China.
CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.
Deep Sea Research Center, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.
Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China.
CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.
Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China.
CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.
Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China.
CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.
Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
One of the most crucial determinants of early-life development is the experience of childhood adversities. However, limited evidence is available for how these experiences shape later-life reproductiv...
women of childbearing age are at higher risk for developing Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD). Post-onset pregnancy is believed to affect and be affected by NMOSD. This study aimed to ass...
All women from the patient registry of the neurology outpatient clinic in Tehran, Iran, who were diagnosed with NMOSD without any comorbidity were enrolled in this survey. Retrospectively, the partici...
The age at first attack was significantly higher in patients with prior pregnancy (P < 0.001). To eliminate the immortal time bias, the researchers assessed the effect of pregnancy as a time-varying e...
NMOSD onset or prognosis seemed not to be affected by pregnancy before the disease onset. However, in women with early disease onset, pregnancy might be a trigger for the development of NMOSD....
Women with one lifetime singleton pregnancy have increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality compared with women who continue reproduction particularly if the pregnancy had complications....
We estimated risk of long-term CVD mortality in women with naturally conceived twins compared to women with singleton pregnancies, accounting for lifetime number of pregnancies and pregnancy complicat...
Using linked data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway and the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry, we identified 974,892 women with first pregnancy registered between 1967 and 2013, followed to 20...
Women with one lifetime pregnancy, twin or singleton, had increased risk of CVD mortality (adjusted hazard [HR] 1.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.21, 2.43 and aHR 1.92, 95% CI 1.78, 2.07, respectiv...
Women with only one pregnancy, twin or singleton, had increased long-term CVD mortality, however highest in women with singletons. In addition, twin mothers who continued reproduction had similar CVD ...
Hypertension (HT) and obesity, which are important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, are complex traits determined by multiple biological and behavioural factors. However, the role of female r...
To investigate the long-term effects of reproductive factors on the probability of obesity and HT in later life after adjusting for socio-demographic and lifestyle behaviour factors....
A total of 503 women (39 - 65 years) were recruited from different localities in Slovakia. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to test the associations....
Early menarche age of 11 years and under was associated with twice higher probability of obesity at midlife, independent of environmental confounders (OR = 2.27, CI = 1.35 - 3.81,...
Reproductive factors are significantly associated with obesity and obesity-associated HT in later life. The age at menarche and Bf can be risk factors for early identification of women with increased ...
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease with a higher incidence in men suggesting an influence of sex steroids. Our objective was to investigate past exposure to endog...
We administered a questionnaire to 158 postmenopausal women (75 ALS patients and 83 controls). We calculated reproductive time span (RTS), lifetime endogenous estrogen (LEE) and progesterone exposures...
ALS patients showed shorter LEE and LPE, a lower proportion of breast cancer, and 11% showed no history of pregnancies vs. 4% of controls. Odds ratios (ORs) showed that <17 y of LEE and a delayed mena...
Thus, longer exposure to endogenous female sex steroids increased survival and reduced ALS susceptibility. In contrast, longer exposure to synthetic sex steroids showed a negative impact by reducing t...
This study aimed to explore the association of female reproductive factors (age at first birth (AFB), age at last birth (ALB), number of pregnancies, and live births) with history of cardiovascular di...
A total of 15,715 women aged 20 years or over from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 1999 to 2018 were included in our analysis. Weighted multivariable logistic regression ana...
After adjusting for potential confounding factors, the RCS plot showed a U-curve relationship between AFB, ALB and history of CVD. Among them, AFB was associated with congestive heart failure (CHF), h...
Women with younger or later AFB and ALB have higher odds of CVD in later life. Further study is warranted to verify the underlying mechanisms of this association....
Studies that have examined the correlation between reproductive history and knee osteoarthritis (KOA) have had heterogeneous findings. We aimed to investigate the reproductive history and its relation...
The women's age of menarche in the case group was significantly lower (p = 0.031), and the number of pregnancies (p = 0.017) and the average duration of breastfeeding (p = 0.039) were substantially hi...
Mosaicism for autosomal trisomy is uncommon in clinical practice. However, despite its rarity among both prenatally and postnatally diagnoses, there are a large number of characterized and published c...
There are few reliable osteological indicators to detect parity or infer puberty in skeletal remains. Nitrogen (δ...
This pilot study explores the potential of incremental dentine-collagen isotope ratio analysis to identify puberty and gestation....
Incremental dentine δ...
Isotopic signatures potentially related to pubertal growth, with an average δ...
This pilot study highlights the potential of incremental dentine isotope analysis for the reconstruction of early reproductive histories in skeletal remains. However, controlled studies with a larger ...
Hormonal changes in women throughout life might affect the oral health. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index and reprodu...
The present cross-sectional study was performed using data of Azar Cohort Study conducted in 2014, in Shabestar city, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. In the present study, the data of all 8294 women f...
The mean DMFT of 8294 women was 20.99 ± 8.95. In model 1, there was no significant relationship between DMFT and frequency of pregnancy. However, model 2 and 3 showed that in women who had four or mor...
Despite hormonal changes through the life, the history of reproductive showed no significant relationship with women's DMFT. Oral health education for women is an important step in promoting oral heal...