Quelles pratiques agricoles réduisent la pollution ?
L'agriculture durable et l'utilisation de produits chimiques limités peuvent réduire la pollution.
Agriculture durableProduits chimiques
#3
Comment sensibiliser le public à la pollution de l'eau ?
Des campagnes d'éducation et des ateliers communautaires peuvent sensibiliser à la pollution.
Éducation à l'environnementSensibilisation
#4
Quels rôles jouent les gouvernements dans la prévention ?
Les gouvernements établissent des lois et des normes pour protéger les ressources en eau.
Politiques environnementalesProtection de l'eau
#5
Comment les entreprises peuvent-elles réduire leur impact ?
Les entreprises peuvent adopter des pratiques écologiques et réduire les déchets chimiques.
Responsabilité sociale des entreprisesPratiques écologiques
Traitements
5
#1
Comment traiter les maladies causées par l'eau polluée ?
Le traitement dépend de la maladie, incluant des médicaments et des soins de soutien.
Traitement médicalSoins de soutien
#2
Y a-t-il des antidotes pour les polluants chimiques ?
Certains polluants ont des antidotes spécifiques, mais cela dépend du type de contaminant.
AntidotesToxicologie
#3
Comment décontaminer l'eau ?
Des méthodes comme la filtration, l'osmose inverse et le traitement chimique sont utilisées.
Filtration de l'eauOsmose inverse
#4
Quels soins d'urgence en cas d'intoxication ?
En cas d'intoxication, il est crucial de consulter immédiatement un professionnel de santé.
IntoxicationUrgences médicales
#5
Peut-on prévenir les effets de la pollution par des traitements ?
Des traitements préventifs comme les vaccinations peuvent réduire certains risques de maladies.
PréventionVaccination
Complications
5
#1
Quelles complications peuvent survenir après une exposition ?
Des complications comme des maladies chroniques, des troubles neurologiques et des cancers peuvent survenir.
Maladies chroniquesTroubles neurologiques
#2
La pollution de l'eau affecte-t-elle la reproduction ?
Oui, certains polluants peuvent nuire à la fertilité et au développement fœtal.
FertilitéDéveloppement fœtal
#3
Quels impacts sur la santé mentale ?
L'anxiété et le stress liés à la pollution de l'eau peuvent affecter la santé mentale.
Santé mentaleAnxiété
#4
Les maladies infectieuses peuvent-elles augmenter ?
Oui, la pollution de l'eau peut favoriser la propagation de maladies infectieuses.
Maladies infectieusesPropagation
#5
Quels effets sur les écosystèmes aquatiques ?
La pollution chimique peut détruire les habitats aquatiques et réduire la biodiversité.
Écosystèmes aquatiquesBiodiversité
Facteurs de risque
5
#1
Quels sont les principaux facteurs de risque ?
Les principaux facteurs incluent l'industrialisation, l'agriculture intensive et l'urbanisation.
IndustrialisationAgriculture intensive
#2
Les pays en développement sont-ils plus à risque ?
Oui, les pays en développement manquent souvent de réglementations strictes sur la pollution.
Pays en développementRéglementation environnementale
#3
Comment le climat influence-t-il la pollution de l'eau ?
Les événements climatiques extrêmes peuvent aggraver la pollution de l'eau par le ruissellement.
Changement climatiqueRuissellement
#4
Les zones urbaines sont-elles plus touchées ?
Oui, les zones urbaines concentrent souvent des sources de pollution chimique dans l'eau.
Zones urbainesSources de pollution
#5
Quel rôle joue l'industrie chimique ?
L'industrie chimique est une source majeure de pollution de l'eau par les déchets et les déversements.
Industrie chimiqueDéchets industriels
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Environmental Geosciences, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubeck-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (Centre for Sustainability, Environment and Health, DMG), PO Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands. leo.posthuma@rivm.nl.
Department of Environmental Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. leo.posthuma@rivm.nl.
Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, Nijmegen, 6500 GL, the Netherlands. Electronic address: jiaqi.wang.1@ru.nl.
Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, SE-901 83, Sweden; School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, 3800, Australia. Electronic address: marcus.michelangeli@slu.se.
To present and validate an open-source fully automated landmark placement (ALICBCT) tool for cone-beam computed tomography scans....
One hundred and forty-three large and medium field of view cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) were used to train and test a novel approach, called ALICBCT that reformulates landmark detection as a c...
Our method achieved a high accuracy with an average of 1.54 ± 0.87 mm error for the 32 landmark positions with rare failures, taking an average of 4.2 second computation time to identify each landmark...
The ALICBCT algorithm is a robust automatic identification tool that has been deployed for clinical and research use as an extension in the 3D Slicer platform allowing continuous updates for increased...
Imaging examinations are of remarkable importance for diagnostic support in Dentistry. Imaging techniques allow analysis of dental and maxillofacial tissues (e.g., bone, dentine, and enamel) that are ...
The aim of this study is to investigate the pneumatization type of the palatal process (PTP) and angular and distance measurements of neighbouring structures on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) im...
400 maxillary sinuses (MS) of 200 patients (96 female; 104 male; mean age: 43.2) were retrospectively evaluated. PTP was divided into three as types 1,2 and 3 and evaluated at distances 4, 8, 16, and ...
PTP I (101, 25.3%) was the most frequent type, followed by PTP II (95, 23.8%), and the least was PTP III (4, 1%). In patients with PTP I, the alveolar ridge height in the 4 mm and 8 mm group was signi...
Knowing the anatomy of the MS is very important for a successful surgical procedure in this area. Anatomy and pathology of the MS can be understood more clearly in CBCT....
To assess the effective and organ/tissue equivalent radiation doses of different scout projection protocols in four CBCT units....
Optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters (OSLD) were placed in reference anatomical locations in the head and neck segments of an anthropomorphic phantom representing an average adult male. Ten re...
Effective doses ranged from 0.7 µSv (Accuitomo F170 60 × 60 mm-anterior maxilla) to 6.9 µSv (Midmark 50 × 50 mm-anterior maxilla). The highest organ/tissue equivalent doses were recorded for the oral ...
Despite some variability among CBCT machines and protocols, the acquisition of scout projections is a low-dose procedure. The use of scout projections to ensure an adequate position of the region of i...
Bone typing is crucial to enable the choice of a suitable implant, the surgical technique, and the evaluation of the clinical outcome. Currently, bone typing is assessed subjectively by the surgeon....
The aim of this study is to establish an automatic quantification method to determine local bone types by the use of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) for an observer-independent approach....
Six adult human cadaver skulls were used. The 4 generally used bone types in dental implantology and orthodontics were identified, and specific Hounsfield unit (HU) ranges (grey-scale values) were ass...
Correlation analyses between the different bone tissue quantification methods to identify bone types based on numerical ranges of HU values revealed that the Pearson correlation coefficient of qCBCT w...
We found that qCBCT can reproducibly and objectively assess human bone types at implant sites....
The objective of this research was to measure the labial bone thickness (LBT) in relation to the 6 anterior maxillary teeth at different levels along the long axis and the distance between cementoenam...
A total of 100 CBCT scans were evaluated by one calibrated examiner. The thickness of the labial bone was measured perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth at 1, 3, and 5 mm from the alveolar crest...
CBCT scans of 58 female patients and 42 male patients with a mean age of 39.7 ± 9.5 years were included. A high variation of CEJ-BC was observed (range, 0.55-3.90 mm). Statistically significant higher...
The CEJ-BC distance is greater in men and increases with age, particularly in those aged 50 years and older. The LBT in the 6 maxillary anterior teeth is predominantly thin (<1 mm) and has no correlat...
In this in-vitro study, teeth were imaged using photoacoustic tomography (PAT), cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), and micro-computed tomography (μ-CT). The study had aim: to identify the best wave...
Nineteen human mandibular single-rooted incisors were extracted from patients with trauma or periodontitis. To determine the best wavelength for acquiring photoacoustic images, all 19 teeth were scann...
The highest quality tooth images were achieved using the 680 nm wavelength, which showed the best contrast ratio. The full geometry of the dental root (μ-CT compared with PAT) could be visualized with...
Images, which were acquired using PAT at 680nm showed the best contrast ration, enabling the identification of dentin, cementum and the dental pulp. No significant differences were found between the P...
This study explored the application of four-dimensional cone beam computed tomography (4D CBCT) in lung cancer patients, seeking to improve the accuracy of radiotherapy and to establish a uniform prot...
4D CBCT was applied to evaluate tumor volume response (TVR), motion, and center coordinates during radiotherapy in 67 eligible individuals with lung cancer diagnoses. The differences between 4D CBCT a...
TVR was observed during treatment in 41% of patients (28/67), with a mean volume reduction of 41.7% and a median time to TVR of 19 days. Tumor motion was obvious in 16 patients, with a mean value of 0...
Tumor volume and motion of intrapulmonary lesions in individuals diagnosed with lung cancer varied significantly in the third week of radiotherapy. 4D CBCT may be more advantageous for isolated lesion...
Root resorption is a destructive process that compromises tooth structure and can result in tooth loss. Often it remains asymptomatic and is an incidental finding on radiographic examinations. The pur...
The study included CBCT scans of 1086 consecutive patients referred for CBCT imaging over an 18-month period. A total of 1148 scans were acquired. Data were abstracted from radiology reports, and prev...
Resorption was identified in 171 patients (15.7%, 95% CI: 13.6%-17.9%) and in 249 teeth with a prevalence range of 2.6%-92.3% across specific indications. An 18.7% of the patients had 2 resorption sit...
The high proportion of incidental findings of resorption detected by CBCT suggests that resorption is not recognized/detected by conventional radiography and therefore remains underdiagnosed....
The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and visualization of supernumerary teeth (ST) and imaging characteristics of their gubernacular tract (GT) using cone beam computed tomography (CBC...
Presence and visualization of ST were retrospectively evaluated using 960 CBCT images. The imaging characteristics of GT were analyzed to determine various presentations of GT according to type, shape...
ST were radiographically detected in 93 patients, for a prevalence of 9.7%. Premolar shaped ST were more common (p = 0.003). GT was detected in 104 (77.2%) of impacted ST and mostly found straight in ...
CBCT can be used for evaluations in dental practice to provide comprehensive information about ST and their GT characteristics. Clinicians should be able to identify the characteristics of GTs on CBCT...
