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"description": "Comment diagnostiquer une infection par Carlavirus ?\nQuels symptômes indiquent une infection par Carlavirus ?\nLes tests sérologiques sont-ils utiles pour le diagnostic ?\nPeut-on identifier le Carlavirus par microscopie ?\nQuels échantillons sont nécessaires pour le diagnostic ?",
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"description": "Quelles mesures préventives peuvent être prises contre les Carlavirus ?\nLe contrôle des insectes vecteurs est-il important ?\nLes pratiques culturales peuvent-elles réduire les infections ?\nLes traitements préventifs sont-ils disponibles pour les Carlavirus ?\nComment éviter la contamination des semences ?",
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"description": "Quelles complications peuvent survenir avec les Carlavirus ?\nLes Carlavirus peuvent-ils affecter la santé des sols ?\nLes infections par Carlavirus peuvent-elles entraîner des pertes économiques ?\nLes Carlavirus peuvent-ils causer des maladies secondaires ?\nLes Carlavirus peuvent-ils affecter la biodiversité ?",
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"name": "Facteurs de risque",
"headline": "Facteurs de risque sur Carlavirus",
"description": "Quels sont les principaux facteurs de risque pour les Carlavirus ?\nLe climat influence-t-il la propagation des Carlavirus ?\nLes pratiques agricoles intensives augmentent-elles le risque ?\nLes monocultures sont-elles un facteur de risque ?\nLes conditions de stockage des semences influencent-elles le risque ?",
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"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment diagnostiquer une infection par Carlavirus ?",
"position": 1,
"acceptedAnswer": {
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"text": "Le diagnostic se fait par des tests PCR ou ELISA pour détecter le virus dans les tissus."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels symptômes indiquent une infection par Carlavirus ?",
"position": 2,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les symptômes incluent des décolorations, des mosaïques et des déformations des feuilles."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les tests sérologiques sont-ils utiles pour le diagnostic ?",
"position": 3,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, les tests sérologiques peuvent détecter des anticorps spécifiques contre le Carlavirus."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Peut-on identifier le Carlavirus par microscopie ?",
"position": 4,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "La microscopie peut montrer des inclusions virales, mais ce n'est pas un diagnostic définitif."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels échantillons sont nécessaires pour le diagnostic ?",
"position": 5,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Des échantillons de feuilles, tiges ou racines infectées sont nécessaires pour les tests."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels sont les symptômes courants des infections par Carlavirus ?",
"position": 6,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les symptômes incluent des mosaïques, des taches et un retard de croissance des plantes."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les symptômes varient-ils selon les espèces de plantes ?",
"position": 7,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, les symptômes peuvent varier considérablement selon l'espèce de plante infectée."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les symptômes sont-ils visibles immédiatement après l'infection ?",
"position": 8,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Non, les symptômes peuvent prendre plusieurs jours à semaines pour apparaître après l'infection."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les symptômes peuvent-ils être confondus avec d'autres maladies ?",
"position": 9,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, les symptômes des Carlavirus peuvent être similaires à ceux d'autres maladies virales."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les plantes infectées peuvent-elles montrer des signes de stress ?",
"position": 10,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, les plantes peuvent montrer des signes de stress, comme le flétrissement et la décoloration."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quelles mesures préventives peuvent être prises contre les Carlavirus ?",
"position": 11,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Des mesures incluent la rotation des cultures et l'utilisation de semences saines."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Le contrôle des insectes vecteurs est-il important ?",
"position": 12,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, contrôler les insectes vecteurs est crucial pour prévenir la transmission des Carlavirus."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les pratiques culturales peuvent-elles réduire les infections ?",
"position": 13,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, des pratiques culturales appropriées peuvent réduire le risque d'infection par Carlavirus."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les traitements préventifs sont-ils disponibles pour les Carlavirus ?",
"position": 14,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Il n'existe pas de traitements préventifs spécifiques, mais des pratiques de gestion peuvent aider."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment éviter la contamination des semences ?",
"position": 15,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Utiliser des semences certifiées et inspecter les plants avant la plantation pour éviter la contamination."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels traitements sont disponibles pour les infections par Carlavirus ?",
"position": 16,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Il n'existe pas de traitements antiviraux spécifiques, mais des pratiques culturales peuvent aider."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "La résistance des plantes est-elle une option de traitement ?",
"position": 17,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, cultiver des variétés de plantes résistantes peut réduire l'impact des Carlavirus."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les insecticides peuvent-ils aider à contrôler les Carlavirus ?",
"position": 18,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les insecticides peuvent réduire les vecteurs, mais ne traitent pas l'infection virale elle-même."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les traitements biologiques sont-ils efficaces contre les Carlavirus ?",
"position": 19,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Certains traitements biologiques peuvent aider à gérer les symptômes, mais pas à éradiquer le virus."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment prévenir la propagation des Carlavirus ?",
"position": 20,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "La prévention inclut l'élimination des plantes infectées et le contrôle des vecteurs."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quelles complications peuvent survenir avec les Carlavirus ?",
"position": 21,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les complications incluent des pertes de rendement et des dégradations de la qualité des cultures."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les Carlavirus peuvent-ils affecter la santé des sols ?",
"position": 22,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Indirectement, les Carlavirus peuvent affecter la santé des sols en réduisant la biomasse végétale."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les infections par Carlavirus peuvent-elles entraîner des pertes économiques ?",
"position": 23,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, les infections peuvent causer des pertes économiques significatives pour les agriculteurs."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les Carlavirus peuvent-ils causer des maladies secondaires ?",
"position": 24,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, les plantes affaiblies par les Carlavirus peuvent être plus susceptibles à d'autres maladies."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les Carlavirus peuvent-ils affecter la biodiversité ?",
"position": 25,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, les épidémies de Carlavirus peuvent réduire la biodiversité en affectant certaines espèces végétales."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels sont les principaux facteurs de risque pour les Carlavirus ?",
"position": 26,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les facteurs incluent l'utilisation de semences infectées et la présence de vecteurs comme les insectes."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Le climat influence-t-il la propagation des Carlavirus ?",
"position": 27,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, des conditions climatiques favorables peuvent augmenter la propagation des Carlavirus."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les pratiques agricoles intensives augmentent-elles le risque ?",
"position": 28,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, les pratiques agricoles intensives peuvent accroître le risque d'infection par Carlavirus."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les monocultures sont-elles un facteur de risque ?",
"position": 29,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, les monocultures peuvent faciliter la propagation des Carlavirus en réduisant la diversité végétale."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les conditions de stockage des semences influencent-elles le risque ?",
"position": 30,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, un stockage inadéquat peut favoriser la contamination des semences par les Carlavirus."
}
}
]
}
]
}
We aimed to identify exercise tests that have been validated to support a safe discharge to home in patients with or without COVID-19....
Scoping review, using PRISMA-ScR reporting standards. Medline, PubMed, AMED, Embase, CINAHL and LitCovid databases were searched between 16 and 22 February 2021, with studies included from any publica...
Short exercise tests....
Safe discharge from hospital, readmission rate, length of hospital stay, mortality. Secondary outcomes measures: safety, feasibility and reliability....
Of 1612 original records screened, 19 studies were included in the analysis. These used a variety of exercise tests in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, suspected pulmonary embolism...
Further research is needed to aid clinical decision-making at discharge from hospital....
Regular exercise testing is recommended for all people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF). A range of validated tests, which integrate both strength and aerobic function, are available and increasingly being...
Patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) require appropriate nutrient therapy and physical activity management. Eating disorder treatment guidelines do not include safe, evidence-based intensity criteria f...
CPX was performed with 14 female patients with AN admitted to a specialized eating disorder unit between 2015 and 2019. Their anaerobic threshold (AT) was determined by assessing their exercise tolera...
The AT of the AN group (BMI: 15.7 [Mean] ± 1.8 standard deviation [SD]) was significantly lower than that of the HC group (BMI: 19.7 ± 1.8) (AN: 10.0 ± 1.8 vs. HC: 15.2 ± 3.0 ml/kg/min, P < 0.001). AT...
This study showed that AT and AT-METS were lower in patients with AN than in HC. Patients with AN should be prescribed light-intensity aerobic exercise, and the current findings may help develop futur...
III: Evidence obtained from case-control analytic studies....
The noninvasive assessment of oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, and ventilation during a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) provides insight into the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and meta...
After COVID-19 infection, 10-20% of patients suffer from varying symptoms lasting more than 12 weeks (Long COVID, LC). Exercise intolerance and fatigue are common in LC. The aim was to measure the max...
Cardiopulmonary exercise test was conducted on 101 LC patients, who were admitted to exercise testing. The majority of them (86%) had been treated at home during their acute COVID-19 infection. Peak o...
The measurements were performed in mean 12.7 months (SD 5.75) after COVID-19 infection in patients with exercise intolerance (group EI, 19 patients), fatigue (group F, 31 patients), their combination ...
This study on LC patients with different symptoms showed that cardiopulmonary exercise capacity was in mean normal, with increased sympathetic activity in most patients. However, we identified subgrou...
Using exercise protocols at a fixed rating of perceived effort (RPE) is a useful method for exploring the psychophysical influences on exercise performance. However, studies that have employed this pr...
Eight recreationally active cyclists completed two identical ramped incremental trials on a cycle ergometer to identify gas exchange threshold (GET). A linear regression model plotted RPE responses du...
All performance and gas parameters showed excellent levels of test-retest reliability (ICCs = > .900) across both intensities. Performance, gas-related measures, and heart rate averaged over the entir...
Recreationally active cyclists can reliably replicate fixed perceived effort exercise across multiple visits when RPE is aligned to physiological thresholds. Some evidence suggests that exercise at RP...
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe, high mortality and progressive disease. Early diagnosis and treatment improves the prognosis. Patients with scleroderma disease presents high risk of...
Prospective study of 52 consecutive patients diagnosed of scleroderma in our health area, during 2 years (2018 and 2019). All of them undergo CPET, in addition to the annual systematic screening. Sens...
Fifty-two CPET were performed, of which 16 suggested PAH. Resting RHC confirmed PAH in 5 patients and exercise RHC in 7 (diagnostic sensitivity of CPET together with rest and exercise catheterization ...
CPET and exercise RHC could detect PAH earlier than established screening in patients with scleroderma disease, allowing early diagnosis....
To establish a pre-test probability model of coronary heart disease (CHD) combined with cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) indexes and to compare the clinical effectiveness with Duke clinical score ...
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) may provide prognostically valuable information during follow-up after pulmonary embolism (PE). Our objective was to investigate the association of patterns and...
In a prospective cohort study of unselected consecutive all-comers with PE, survivors of the index acute event underwent 3- and 12-month follow-ups, including CPET. We defined cardiopulmonary limitati...
Overall, 396 patients were included. At 3 months, prevalence of cardiopulmonary limitation and deconditioning was 50.1% (34.7% mild/moderate; 15.4% severe) and 12.1%, respectively; at 12 months, it wa...
Abnormal exercise capacity of cardiopulmonary origin is frequent after PE, being associated with clinical and haemodynamic impairment as well as long-term QoL reduction. CPET can be considered for sel...
Dysfunctional breathing (DB) is a common, but largely underappreciated, cause of chronic dyspnoea. Under visual inspection, most subjects with DB present with larger sequential changes in ventilation ...
Twenty chronically dyspnoeic subjects with DB and 10 age- and sex-matched controls performed CPET on a cycle ergometer. Cut-offs to indicate increased V̇E, VT, f, and f/VT ratio variability (Δ = highe...
Subjects with DB presented with increased V̇E, higher ventilatory variability, higher dyspnoea burden, and lower exercise capacity compared to controls (p < 0.05). ΔV̇E...
This study provides objective criteria to indicate increased ventilatory variability during incremental CPET in dyspnoeic subjects with DB. Large variability in breathing frequency seems particularly ...