Titre : Pharmacoéconomie

Pharmacoéconomie : Questions médicales fréquentes

Termes MeSH sélectionnés :

Cataract Extraction
{ "@context": "https://schema.org", "@graph": [ { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Pharmacoéconomie : Questions médicales les plus fréquentes", "headline": "Pharmacoéconomie : Comprendre les symptômes, diagnostics et traitements", "description": "Guide complet et accessible sur les Pharmacoéconomie : explications, diagnostics, traitements et prévention. Information médicale validée destinée aux patients.", "datePublished": "2024-07-05", "dateModified": "2025-04-01", "inLanguage": "fr", "medicalAudience": [ { "@type": "MedicalAudience", "name": "Grand public", "audienceType": "Patient", "healthCondition": { "@type": "MedicalCondition", "name": "Pharmacoéconomie" }, "suggestedMinAge": 18, "suggestedGender": "unisex" }, { "@type": "MedicalAudience", "name": "Médecins", "audienceType": "Physician", "geographicArea": { "@type": "AdministrativeArea", "name": "France" } }, { "@type": "MedicalAudience", "name": "Chercheurs", "audienceType": "Researcher", "geographicArea": { "@type": "AdministrativeArea", "name": "International" } } ], "reviewedBy": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Dr Olivier Menir", "jobTitle": "Expert en Médecine", "description": "Expert en Médecine, Optimisation des Parcours de Soins et Révision Médicale", "url": "/static/pages/docteur-olivier-menir.html", "alumniOf": { "@type": "EducationalOrganization", "name": "Université Paris Descartes" } }, "isPartOf": { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Économie", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D004467", "about": { "@type": "MedicalCondition", "name": "Économie", "code": { "@type": "MedicalCode", "code": "D004467", "codingSystem": "MeSH" }, "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "MeSH Tree", "value": "N03.219" } } }, "about": { "@type": "MedicalCondition", "name": "Pharmacoéconomie", "alternateName": "Economics, Pharmaceutical", "code": { "@type": "MedicalCode", "code": "D017850", "codingSystem": "MeSH" } }, "author": [ { "@type": "Person", "name": "Michele B Kaufman", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/Michele%20B%20Kaufman", "affiliation": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "" } }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Peivand Bastani", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/Peivand%20Bastani", "affiliation": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Health Human Resources Research Center, School of Health Management and Medical Informatics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran." } }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Zahra Dehghan", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/Zahra%20Dehghan", "affiliation": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Vice-Chancellery for Food and Drug, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran." } }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Seyyed Mansoor Kashfi", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/Seyyed%20Mansoor%20Kashfi", "affiliation": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Department of Public Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran." } }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Hesam Dorosti", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/Hesam%20Dorosti", "affiliation": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran." } } ], "citation": [ { "@type": "ScholarlyArticle", "name": "Femtosecond laser assisted cataract surgery in a cataract patient with low vaulted ICL following LASIK: a case report.", "datePublished": "2024-10-04", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/39367336", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.1186/s12886-024-03709-x" } }, { "@type": "ScholarlyArticle", "name": "Immediate sequential bilateral cataract surgery: a 13-year real-life report of 56 700 cataract operations.", "datePublished": "2023-11-22", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/36229178", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.1136/bjo-2021-320588" } }, { "@type": "ScholarlyArticle", "name": "23G Minimally Invasive Vitrectomy Combined with Glaucoma Drainage Valve Implantation and Phacoemulsification Cataract Extraction for Neovascular Glaucoma Secondary to Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy with Vitreous Hemorrhage.", "datePublished": "2022-08-04", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/35966245", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.1155/2022/7393661" } }, { "@type": "ScholarlyArticle", "name": "Time and Motion Studies to assess surgical productivity in cataract theatre lists within the National Health Service: Immediate Sequential Bilateral Cataract Surgery versus Delayed Sequential Bilateral Cataract Surgery.", "datePublished": "2023-06-05", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/37277612", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.1038/s41433-023-02593-x" } }, { "@type": "ScholarlyArticle", "name": "Comparisons of outcomes and complications of immediate sequential bilateral cataract surgery and unilateral cataract surgery in a tertiary hospital in South Korea.", "datePublished": "2022-12-26", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/36572699", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.1038/s41598-022-26851-2" } } ], "breadcrumb": { "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 1, "name": "questionsmedicales.fr", "item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 2, "name": "Organisations et économie des soins de santé", "item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D004472" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 3, "name": "Économie", "item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D004467" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 4, "name": "Pharmacoéconomie", "item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D017850" } ] } }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Article complet : Pharmacoéconomie - Questions et réponses", "headline": "Questions et réponses médicales fréquentes sur Pharmacoéconomie", "description": "Une compilation de questions et réponses structurées, validées par des experts médicaux.", "datePublished": "2025-05-02", "inLanguage": "fr", "hasPart": [ { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Diagnostic", "headline": "Diagnostic sur Pharmacoéconomie", "description": "Comment évaluer le coût d'un traitement médicamenteux ?\nQu'est-ce qu'une analyse coût-efficacité ?\nQuels sont les indicateurs de performance en pharmacoéconomie ?\nComment mesurer l'impact économique d'un nouveau médicament ?\nQu'est-ce qu'une étude de faisabilité en pharmacoéconomie ?", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D017850?mesh_terms=Cataract+Extraction&page=3#section-diagnostic" }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Symptômes", "headline": "Symptômes sur Pharmacoéconomie", "description": "Quels symptômes peuvent influencer le coût des traitements ?\nComment les effets secondaires impactent-ils les coûts ?\nLes symptômes psychologiques influencent-ils les coûts ?\nComment évaluer le coût des symptômes aigus ?\nLes symptômes liés à une maladie chronique augmentent-ils les coûts ?", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D017850?mesh_terms=Cataract+Extraction&page=3#section-symptômes" }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Prévention", "headline": "Prévention sur Pharmacoéconomie", "description": "Comment la prévention influence-t-elle les coûts de santé ?\nQuels programmes de prévention sont les plus rentables ?\nComment évaluer le coût des interventions préventives ?\nLes campagnes de sensibilisation sont-elles rentables ?\nQuel est le rôle des politiques de santé dans la prévention ?", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D017850?mesh_terms=Cataract+Extraction&page=3#section-prévention" }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Traitements", "headline": "Traitements sur Pharmacoéconomie", "description": "Comment comparer les coûts des différents traitements ?\nQuels facteurs influencent le coût des médicaments ?\nQu'est-ce qu'un médicament générique ?\nComment les politiques de santé influencent-elles les coûts des traitements ?\nQuel est l'impact des traitements innovants sur les coûts ?", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D017850?mesh_terms=Cataract+Extraction&page=3#section-traitements" }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Complications", "headline": "Complications sur Pharmacoéconomie", "description": "Comment les complications augmentent-elles les coûts ?\nQuelles complications sont les plus coûteuses ?\nComment évaluer le coût des complications ?\nLes complications peuvent-elles être évitées ?\nQuel est l'impact des complications sur la qualité de vie ?", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D017850?mesh_terms=Cataract+Extraction&page=3#section-complications" }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Facteurs de risque", "headline": "Facteurs de risque sur Pharmacoéconomie", "description": "Quels facteurs de risque augmentent les coûts de santé ?\nComment évaluer l'impact économique des facteurs de risque ?\nLes facteurs de risque environnementaux influencent-ils les coûts ?\nComment réduire les coûts liés aux facteurs de risque ?\nQuel est le rôle de l'éducation dans la gestion des facteurs de risque ?", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D017850?mesh_terms=Cataract+Extraction&page=3#section-facteurs de risque" } ] }, { "@type": "FAQPage", "mainEntity": [ { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment évaluer le coût d'un traitement médicamenteux ?", "position": 1, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Le coût est évalué en tenant compte des prix des médicaments, des frais de santé associés et des résultats cliniques." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Qu'est-ce qu'une analyse coût-efficacité ?", "position": 2, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "C'est une méthode qui compare les coûts et les effets d'interventions pour déterminer la meilleure option." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels sont les indicateurs de performance en pharmacoéconomie ?", "position": 3, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les indicateurs incluent le coût par qualité de vie ajustée (QALY) et le coût par an de vie gagné." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment mesurer l'impact économique d'un nouveau médicament ?", "position": 4, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "On mesure l'impact en comparant les coûts et les bénéfices par rapport aux traitements existants." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Qu'est-ce qu'une étude de faisabilité en pharmacoéconomie ?", "position": 5, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "C'est une évaluation préliminaire pour déterminer si une étude plus approfondie est justifiée." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels symptômes peuvent influencer le coût des traitements ?", "position": 6, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Des symptômes chroniques ou complexes peuvent nécessiter des traitements plus coûteux et prolongés." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment les effets secondaires impactent-ils les coûts ?", "position": 7, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les effets secondaires peuvent entraîner des hospitalisations et des traitements supplémentaires, augmentant les coûts." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Les symptômes psychologiques influencent-ils les coûts ?", "position": 8, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Oui, les troubles psychologiques peuvent nécessiter des traitements prolongés et coûteux." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment évaluer le coût des symptômes aigus ?", "position": 9, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Le coût des symptômes aigus inclut les consultations, les traitements d'urgence et les hospitalisations." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Les symptômes liés à une maladie chronique augmentent-ils les coûts ?", "position": 10, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Oui, les maladies chroniques nécessitent souvent des traitements réguliers, augmentant les coûts globaux." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment la prévention influence-t-elle les coûts de santé ?", "position": 11, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "La prévention réduit les maladies et les traitements nécessaires, diminuant ainsi les coûts globaux." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels programmes de prévention sont les plus rentables ?", "position": 12, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les programmes de vaccination et de dépistage précoce sont souvent les plus rentables en termes de coûts." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment évaluer le coût des interventions préventives ?", "position": 13, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "On évalue le coût en comparant les dépenses de prévention aux économies réalisées sur les traitements futurs." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Les campagnes de sensibilisation sont-elles rentables ?", "position": 14, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Oui, elles peuvent réduire les coûts de santé en augmentant la prévention et en diminuant les maladies." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quel est le rôle des politiques de santé dans la prévention ?", "position": 15, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les politiques de santé soutiennent la prévention par des financements et des programmes ciblés." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment comparer les coûts des différents traitements ?", "position": 16, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "On compare les coûts directs, indirects et les résultats cliniques pour chaque traitement." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels facteurs influencent le coût des médicaments ?", "position": 17, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les facteurs incluent la recherche et développement, la production, la distribution et la demande." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Qu'est-ce qu'un médicament générique ?", "position": 18, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Un médicament générique est une version moins coûteuse d'un médicament de marque, avec la même efficacité." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment les politiques de santé influencent-elles les coûts des traitements ?", "position": 19, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les politiques peuvent réguler les prix, influencer l'accès et déterminer le remboursement des traitements." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quel est l'impact des traitements innovants sur les coûts ?", "position": 20, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les traitements innovants peuvent être coûteux, mais peuvent offrir des bénéfices cliniques significatifs." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment les complications augmentent-elles les coûts ?", "position": 21, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les complications nécessitent souvent des traitements supplémentaires, des hospitalisations et des soins prolongés." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quelles complications sont les plus coûteuses ?", "position": 22, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les complications liées aux maladies chroniques, comme le diabète, sont souvent les plus coûteuses." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment évaluer le coût des complications ?", "position": 23, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "On évalue le coût en tenant compte des traitements, des hospitalisations et des pertes de productivité." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Les complications peuvent-elles être évitées ?", "position": 24, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Oui, de nombreuses complications peuvent être évitées par une gestion appropriée des maladies et des traitements." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quel est l'impact des complications sur la qualité de vie ?", "position": 25, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les complications peuvent réduire la qualité de vie en entraînant des douleurs, des limitations et des coûts élevés." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels facteurs de risque augmentent les coûts de santé ?", "position": 26, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les facteurs de risque comme l'obésité et le tabagisme entraînent des maladies coûteuses à traiter." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment évaluer l'impact économique des facteurs de risque ?", "position": 27, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "On évalue l'impact en analysant les coûts des traitements associés aux maladies causées par ces facteurs." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Les facteurs de risque environnementaux influencent-ils les coûts ?", "position": 28, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Oui, les facteurs environnementaux peuvent augmenter les maladies et donc les coûts de santé associés." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment réduire les coûts liés aux facteurs de risque ?", "position": 29, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "On peut réduire les coûts par des programmes de prévention ciblés et des interventions communautaires." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quel est le rôle de l'éducation dans la gestion des facteurs de risque ?", "position": 30, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "L'éducation aide à sensibiliser et à modifier les comportements, réduisant ainsi les coûts de santé futurs." } } ] } ] }

Sources (10000 au total)

Femtosecond laser assisted cataract surgery in a cataract patient with low vaulted ICL following LASIK: a case report.

Apart from the conventional utilization of ICL implantation for the correction of refractive errors, its recent applications extend to correcting refractive errors post laser refractive surgery. Notab... A 46-year-old male presented with vision loss in the right eye for 9 months, and he had undergone LASIK 22 years prior and had ICL implantation in both eyes 2 years ago to correct refractive error. On... Our report confirms the feasibility of FLACS in managing cataracts in patients with low vault ICL following LASIK. This procedure does not pose significantly greater challenges than in typical catarac...

Immediate sequential bilateral cataract surgery: a 13-year real-life report of 56 700 cataract operations.

To assess the frequency of immediate sequential bilateral cataract surgery (ISBCS) and endophthalmitis during 13-year period in Tays Eye Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.... All cataract surgeries performed between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2020, and all endophthalmitis cases during the same period were searched from electronic patient records. Numbers and frequencie... The study included 56 700 cataract surgeries in 34 797 patients of whom 39% (n=13 445) had ISBCS. The median age of the patients was 75 (IQR 68-80, range 0.08-99) years at the time of surgery. The pro... The proportion of patients undergoing ISBCS increased from 4.2% in 2008 to 46% in 2020. No endophthalmitis were found to be associated with ISBCS....

23G Minimally Invasive Vitrectomy Combined with Glaucoma Drainage Valve Implantation and Phacoemulsification Cataract Extraction for Neovascular Glaucoma Secondary to Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy with Vitreous Hemorrhage.

To evaluate the clinical efficacy of the combined application of 23G minimally invasive vitrectomy, glaucoma drainage valve implantation, and phacoemulsification cataract extraction in the treatment o... Eighty-three patients (91 eyes) with PDR diagnosed as NVG phase III complicated with VH from June 2018 to May 2020 were selected as the study subjects. The subjects were randomly divided into 3 groups... Through observation, there was no significant difference in the UCVA, IOP, and INV scores in the 3 groups before operation. After the operation, the UCVA, IOP, and INV scores of the 3 groups were sign... 23G minimally invasive vitrectomy, glaucoma drainage valve implantation, and phacoemulsification cataract extraction can effectively improve the UCVA, IOP, and INV scores of NVG secondary to PDR with ...

Time and Motion Studies to assess surgical productivity in cataract theatre lists within the National Health Service: Immediate Sequential Bilateral Cataract Surgery versus Delayed Sequential Bilateral Cataract Surgery.

To compare productivity of National Health Service cataract lists performing unilateral cataract (UC) surgery vs Immediate Sequential Bilateral Cataract Surgery (ISBCS).... Five 4-hour lists with ISBCS cases and five with UC were observed using time and motion studies (TMS). Individual tasks and timings of each staff member in theatre was recorded by two observers. All o... Median number of eyes operated per 4-hour list was 8 (range 6-8) in the ISBCS group and 5 (5-7) in the UC group (p = 0.028). Mean total theatre time (defined as time between the entry of the first pat... Performing consecutive ISBCS cases under LA on routine cataract surgery lists can increase surgical efficiency. TMS are a useful way to investigate surgical productivity and test theoretical models fo...

Comparisons of outcomes and complications of immediate sequential bilateral cataract surgery and unilateral cataract surgery in a tertiary hospital in South Korea.

We investigated the proportions of immediate sequential bilateral cataract surgery (ISBCS) and unilateral cataract surgery during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and compared visual outcomes bet...

Comparative analysis of changes in retinal layer thickness following femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery and conventional cataract surgery.

To investigate the influence of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) on macula by examining changes in retinal layers after FLACS and to compare these changes with those after conventio... This study included 113 unrelated Korean patients with age-related cataract who underwent CCS or FLACS in Severance Hospital between September 2019 and July 2021. Optical coherence tomography was perf... Compared with the CCS group, the FLACS group exhibited a thicker ORL (P = 0.004) and a thinner INL (P = 0.007) after surgery. All retinal layer thickness values showed significant postoperative change... The 1-month postoperative retinal changes were less pronounced in the FLACS group than in the CCS group....

Dementia and cataract surgery in Australia and New Zealand.

Cataract surgery improves quality of life and reduces cognitive deterioration.... This paper discusses the health implications of low vision, commonly related to cataracts, in older adults. A recent publication reported that cataract surgery reduces the risk of dementia by 30% over... We searched Medline from inception to January 2023. We also conducted backward and forward citation searches of included studies and set up alerts to identify studies published after the search date. ... This article provides a broad description of the importance of vision for cognitive function. We discuss access to public-funded cataract surgery in Australia and New Zealand and how this impacts popu... We have evidence that cataract surgery can decrease the risk of dementia. This is an important topic that deserves recognition as part of an overall ageing response by policymakers and health professi...

Early intervention for perioperative hypertension in cataract surgery.

Although perioperative blood-pressure control is important, especially for high-risk patients, no previous report has examined early monitoring of perioperative blood-pressure changes before cataract ... Hospitalized patients who underwent phacoemulsification and intraocular-lens insertion and whose blood pressure was controlled using standardized management to start early monitoring and control (stan... Although there was no difference before the operation, the changes in systolic pressure in the standardized group were significantly lower at the point of entering the operation room, at the beginning... Early monitoring and control of blood pressure in cataract surgery could effectively control perioperative hypertension without additional drug use and could be widely applied in the clinical setting....

Spherical Aberration of Astigmatic Corneas in a Cataract Population.

To study the distribution of spherical aberration (SA) in astigmatic corneas in a cataract population and the relationship between magnitude of corneal astigmatism and fourth-order corneal SA.... Data routinely collected using a Scheimpflug camera (Pentacam; Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH) were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with a minimum age of 60 years were included. Total corneal SA (from ant... A total of 528 eyes were included in this analysis. Low astigmatism was found in 129 patients, moderate astigmatism in 265 patients, and high astigmatism in 134 patients. Mean astigmatism was 0.68 ± 0... SA was significantly larger in the cataract population with high corneal astigmatism. The increase of positive sign SA with the magnitude of astigmatism suggests that patients with moderate to high as...

Importance of optical coherence tomography before cataract surgery.

To determine the importance of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients scheduled for cataract surgery who present with no pathologies in biomicroscopic fundus examination.... Retrospective study.... In this study, the routine ophthalmologic examination of patients who were recommended cataract surgery was performed.Occult retinal pathologies were evaluated using OCT in patients without any pathol... A total of 271 eyes from 271 patients were evaluated.The number of patients with retinal pathologies on OCT despite normal fundoscopic examination findings was 38(14.0%).Of these patients,15(39.4%) ha... In one of seven patients evaluated, retinal pathologies were detected on OCT despite normal fundoscopic examination findings.OCT can be used to detect occult retinal pathologies that cannot be detecte...