Prophylactic vaccination against influenza and other epidemic viruses is recommended for citizens above 65 years. Several vaccines may contain traces of formaldehyde and are contra-indicated in patien...
From January 2000 to June 2021, 169 patients (>50 years) had a positive formaldehyde patch test at the Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense University Hospital and were included into t...
Of the 158 patients residing in the Region of Southern Denmark, 130 patients were vaccinated with one or more formaldehyde-containing vaccines of whom 123 received an influenza vaccine. No contacts to...
Although prospective studies would be beneficial, patients with positive patch test to formaldehyde can be safely vaccinated with formaldehyde-containing vaccines....
Hydroperoxides of limonene (Lim-OOHs) and linalool (Lin-OOHs) are potent contact sensitizers....
To investigate the prevalence of positive patch test (PT) reactions to Lim-OOHs and Lin-OOHs in consecutive patients, their demographic factors and concomitant reactions....
Between 7/2018 and 12/2020, Lim-OOHs 0.3% pet. and Lin-OOHs 1% pet. were patch tested in 5511 consecutive patients. We assessed PT reactivity and analysed data from patients with either positive or ne...
Positive PT results to Lim-OOHs (n = 170, 3.1%) and Lin-OOHs (n = 483, 8.8%) were frequent. Most of the positive reactions were weak (LimOOHs n = 134/LinOOHs n = 429), and even more frequently, doubtf...
The observed reaction pattern suggests that both test preparations display an irritant potential with an increased risk of false positive reactions. Preparations should be chemically monitored in orde...
The data on patch testing (PT) to identify culprit medications in Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) are limited to scattered case reports and small case series, without ana...
To conduct a systematic review of the practice of PT in SJS/TEN, quantify the positivity rate of common drug classes, and assess safety during testing....
PubMed was searched from inception to 2021. Search terms included "patch testing" AND "SJS" OR "TEN" OR "Stevens-Johnson syndrome" OR "toxic epidermal necrolysis" OR "Lyell's syndrome."...
There were 58 articles that met the inclusion criteria. In total, 82 patients underwent patch testing for SJS/TEN, resulting in 104 positive reactions to 49 unique medications. Antiepileptic drugs wer...
Published reports suggest that PT in SJS/TEN is useful and safe. Antiepileptic drugs have been tested most frequently and found to have the highest positivity rate. There is a critical need for large-...
The alcohol patch test (APT) can detect aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) genetic polymorphisms used to diagnose cutaneous erythema. However, the subjective results can vary owing to confounding factors. ...
This study enrolled 57 participants (27.7 ± 9.0 years, 52.6% females) with ALDH2*1/*1, ALDH2*1/*2, and ALDH2*2/*2 percentages of 50.9%, 43.8%, and 5.3%, respectively. In total, 56 APT protocols were a...
Upon visual inspection, a maximal Youden index with a sensitivity of 82.1% and a specificity of 96.6% was determined for the ALDH2 genetic mutation. Using the delta SD of hue obtained in the HSV model...
The HSV model took into account the potential confounding factors, and thus, could help in the prediction of ALDH2 genetic polymorphisms....
Allergens responsible for allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) differ between populations. They can even change over the years with the effect of environmental factors....
To evaluate the results of patch testing performed in our center....
In this study, the thin-layer rapid-use epicutaneous (T.R.U.E.) test results of patients with a diagnosis of ACD between 2012 and 2022 were retrospectively evaluated....
In 431 (42.5%) of the total 1012 patients, a positive reaction to at least one allergen was detected in the patch test. Allergen positivity was most detected for nickel sulphate (16.8%), gold sodium t...
This study presents comprehensive data from Turkey concerning the sensitivity frequencies for allergens included in the T.R.U.E. test....
Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in paediatric patients is on the rise. Continuous identification of emerging allergens is of great importance to ensure accurate patch testing....
To assess the frequency and relevance of contact sensitivity in children and adolescents and evaluate changes in sensitization rates in the last decade....
All patients with suspected ACD who underwent patch testing at the Amsterdam University Medical Centers between 2015 and 2021 were included....
Of 439 patients tested with the European Baseline Series (EBS) and additional series, 334 (76%) patients had at least 1 positive reaction and 172 patients (39%) had 1 or more relevant positive reactio...
This study confirms the need for patch testing in paediatric patients suspected of having ACD. For accurate patch testing, it is advised to include additional series....
Fragrance is one of the common causes of immediate contact reaction. Knowing the prevalence of a reaction in a given population enables prioritization of allergy screening....
The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of an immediate patch test reaction to fragrance in patients with fragrance allergic contact dermatitis....
This prospective study enrolled 291 patients who were given standard patch tests for allergic contact dermatitis. Those with positive reactions were then asked to undergo additional patch tests to ass...
Cinnamic aldehyde and cinnamic alcohol were the most frequently encountered substances in positive immediate reactions and standard (delayed) patch test reactions. Immediate patch reactions to benzyl ...
Because of the small sample size of patients who agreed to continue further patch testing evaluation, a statistical association between patient characteristics and fragrance-positive patch test reacti...
In this population, cinnamic aldehyde and cinnamic alcohol were the most common fragrance allergens causing both immediate and delayed reactions, whereas reactions to benzyl alcohol, sorbic acid, and ...
The European baseline series (EBS) of contact allergens is subject to change. An allergen is considered for inclusion when routine patch testing of patients with suspected contact dermatitis results i...
We aimed to determine the frequency of sensitizations to 30 EBS allergens and 10 locally added allergens. Additionally, we assessed the strength and evolution of reactions to all tested allergens and ...
Patch testing with our baseline series of 40 allergens was done in 748 consecutive adults. Tests were applied to the upper back and removed by patients after 48 h. Readings were done on Day 3 (D3) and...
Eight allergens not listed in the EBS had ≥0.5% prevalence rate (i.e., cocamidopropyl betaine, thiomersal, disperse blue mix 106/124, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, diazolidinyl urea, propylene glyc...
We propose further studies to evaluate whether cocamidopropyl betaine, disperse blue mix 106/124, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, diazolidinyl urea and Compositae mix II need to be added to the EBS....
Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) to cobalt is more common in children and adolescents than adults. However, detailed information on sites and sources of cobalt ACD is limited....
To assess trends in positive and clinically relevant patch test reactions to cobalt in children and associated patient characteristics, common sources and body sites affected....
A retrospective analysis of children (<18 years) patch tested to cobalt by the North American Contact Dermatitis Group between 2001 and 2018....
Of 1919 children patch tested, 228 (11.9%) and 127 (6.6%) had a positive/allergic or currently relevant patch test reaction to cobalt, respectively. The most common primary body sites affected were sc...
Positive patch test reactions to cobalt were common in children. The most common body site was scattered generalized and the sources of cobalt varied by body site....
Nuss procedure is the main reason for metal implants use by pediatric and thoracic surgeons. There is an ongoing debate on how to avoid allergic complications. Herein we describe our 8-year experience...
This is a single center retrospective observational cohort study of patients who underwent the Nuss procedure from 2013 to 2020. Preoperative metal patch testing was done in all cases. Criteria for ti...
In total, 56 patients were included. Most were male (91.1%) with a median age of 15.0 (13.0-22.0) years old. 19.6% had a positive preoperative metal patch test and 54.5% of these had no personal histo...
Our study suggests that routine preoperative allergy testing and a judicious use of titanium bar are safe and avoid metal allergic complications....
