Titre : Pharmacoépidémiologie

Pharmacoépidémiologie : Questions médicales fréquentes

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rôle joue l'information dans la prévention ?\nComment les campagnes de sensibilisation influencent-elles la prévention ?", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D017891?page=9#section-prévention" }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Traitements", "headline": "Traitements sur Pharmacoépidémiologie", "description": "Comment évaluer l'efficacité d'un traitement médicamenteux ?\nQuels traitements sont souvent étudiés en pharmacoépidémiologie ?\nComment les interactions médicamenteuses sont-elles gérées ?\nQuel est l'impact des traitements sur la qualité de vie ?\nComment les traitements sont-ils adaptés aux populations spécifiques ?", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D017891?page=9#section-traitements" }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Complications", "headline": "Complications sur Pharmacoépidémiologie", "description": "Quelles complications peuvent survenir avec certains médicaments ?\nComment les complications sont-elles surveillées ?\nQuel est l'impact des complications sur la santé publique ?\nComment prévenir les complications liées aux médicaments ?\nQuels facteurs augmentent le risque de complications ?", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D017891?page=9#section-complications" }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Facteurs de risque", "headline": "Facteurs de risque sur Pharmacoépidémiologie", "description": "Quels sont les principaux facteurs de risque en pharmacoépidémiologie ?\nComment les comorbidités influencent-elles les traitements ?\nQuel rôle joue la génétique dans les facteurs de risque ?\nComment les habitudes de vie affectent-elles la santé médicamenteuse ?\nQuels outils évaluent les facteurs de risque ?", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D017891?page=9#section-facteurs de risque" } ] }, { "@type": "FAQPage", "mainEntity": [ { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment évaluer l'impact d'un médicament sur la population ?", "position": 1, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "L'impact est évalué par des études d'observation et des analyses statistiques." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels outils sont utilisés pour le diagnostic pharmacoépidémiologique ?", "position": 2, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Des bases de données de santé, des registres et des enquêtes sont utilisés." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quelles sont les méthodes d'analyse en pharmacoépidémiologie ?", "position": 3, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les méthodes incluent l'analyse de régression, les études cas-témoins et les méta-analyses." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment identifier les effets indésirables des médicaments ?", "position": 4, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les effets indésirables sont identifiés par des études de pharmacovigilance et des rapports." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quel rôle joue la surveillance dans le diagnostic ?", "position": 5, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "La surveillance permet de détecter rapidement les problèmes de sécurité des médicaments." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels symptômes peuvent indiquer une réaction médicamenteuse ?", "position": 6, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Des symptômes comme des éruptions cutanées, des nausées ou des vertiges peuvent survenir." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment les symptômes varient-ils selon les populations ?", "position": 7, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les symptômes peuvent varier en fonction de l'âge, du sexe et des comorbidités." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels sont les symptômes d'une surdose médicamenteuse ?", "position": 8, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les symptômes incluent confusion, somnolence, nausées et troubles respiratoires." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment les symptômes sont-ils rapportés en études ?", "position": 9, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les symptômes sont rapportés par les patients, les médecins et les bases de données." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels outils mesurent les symptômes liés aux médicaments ?", "position": 10, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Des questionnaires standardisés et des échelles d'évaluation sont utilisés." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment prévenir les effets indésirables des médicaments ?", "position": 11, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "La prévention inclut l'éducation des patients et la surveillance des prescriptions." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels programmes aident à prévenir les erreurs médicamenteuses ?", "position": 12, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Des programmes de formation et des systèmes de double vérification sont mis en place." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment la vaccination est-elle intégrée en pharmacoépidémiologie ?", "position": 13, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "La vaccination est étudiée pour évaluer son efficacité et ses effets secondaires dans la population." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quel rôle joue l'information dans la prévention ?", "position": 14, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "L'information aide les patients à comprendre les risques et à suivre les traitements correctement." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment les campagnes de sensibilisation influencent-elles la prévention ?", "position": 15, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les campagnes augmentent la sensibilisation aux risques et encouragent des comportements sûrs." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment évaluer l'efficacité d'un traitement médicamenteux ?", "position": 16, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "L'efficacité est évaluée par des essais cliniques et des études d'observation." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels traitements sont souvent étudiés en pharmacoépidémiologie ?", "position": 17, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les traitements pour les maladies chroniques, les infections et les cancers sont courants." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment les interactions médicamenteuses sont-elles gérées ?", "position": 18, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les interactions sont gérées par des recommandations cliniques et des alertes de sécurité." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quel est l'impact des traitements sur la qualité de vie ?", "position": 19, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les traitements peuvent améliorer la qualité de vie, mais des effets secondaires peuvent survenir." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment les traitements sont-ils adaptés aux populations spécifiques ?", "position": 20, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les traitements sont adaptés en fonction de l'âge, du sexe et des caractéristiques génétiques." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quelles complications peuvent survenir avec certains médicaments ?", "position": 21, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Des complications comme des réactions allergiques, des troubles hépatiques ou rénaux peuvent survenir." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment les complications sont-elles surveillées ?", "position": 22, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les complications sont surveillées par des systèmes de pharmacovigilance et des rapports cliniques." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quel est l'impact des complications sur la santé publique ?", "position": 23, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les complications peuvent augmenter les coûts de santé et affecter la qualité de vie des patients." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment prévenir les complications liées aux médicaments ?", "position": 24, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "La prévention passe par une prescription appropriée et un suivi régulier des patients." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels facteurs augmentent le risque de complications ?", "position": 25, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les facteurs incluent l'âge, les comorbidités et les interactions médicamenteuses." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels sont les principaux facteurs de risque en pharmacoépidémiologie ?", "position": 26, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les facteurs incluent l'âge, le sexe, les antécédents médicaux et les habitudes de vie." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment les comorbidités influencent-elles les traitements ?", "position": 27, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les comorbidités peuvent nécessiter des ajustements de traitement pour éviter les complications." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quel rôle joue la génétique dans les facteurs de risque ?", "position": 28, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "La génétique peut influencer la réponse aux médicaments et le risque d'effets indésirables." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment les habitudes de vie affectent-elles la santé médicamenteuse ?", "position": 29, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les habitudes comme le tabagisme ou l'alimentation peuvent modifier l'efficacité des médicaments." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels outils évaluent les facteurs de risque ?", "position": 30, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Des questionnaires et des modèles prédictifs sont utilisés pour évaluer les facteurs de risque." } } ] } ] }

Sources (86 au total)

Tell me what you want, what you really really want: Estimands in observational pharmacoepidemiologic comparative effectiveness and safety studies.

Ideally, the objectives of a pharmacoepidemiologic comparative effectiveness or safety study should dictate its design and data analysis. This paper discusses how defining an estimand is instrumental ... We applied the ICH-E9 (Statistical Principles for Clinical Trials) R1 addendum on estimands - which originally focused on randomized trials - to three examples of observational pharmacoepidemiologic c... Different estimands were defined for case studies representing three types of pharmacological treatments: (1) single-dose treatments using a case study about the effect of influenza vaccination versus... The case studies illustrated that a seemingly clear research question can still be open to multiple interpretations. Defining an estimand ensures that the study targets a treatment effect that aligns ...

Investigating drug safety in pregnancy based on the German Pharmacoepidemiological Research Database (GePaRD): A proof-of-concept analysis on the association between valproate and spina bifida.

Large health-care databases are increasingly used for research on drug utilization and safety in pregnancy. For the German Pharmacoepidemiological Research Database (GePaRD), covering ~20% of the Germ... We identified all pregnancies in GePaRD between 2006 and 2016 in women aged 12 to 50 years. To each VPA dispensation of these women, an exposure period was assigned, based on the dispensation date and... Overall, we identified 1 271 384 pregnancies fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Of these, 668 pregnancies (0.053%) were classified as exposed to VPA in the critical time window regarding spina bifida.... Our proof-of-concept analysis based on GePaRD showed a strong association between intrauterine exposure to VPA and occurrence of spina bifida. The results are plausible and consistent with the literat...

An inventory of European data sources to support pharmacoepidemiologic research on neurodevelopmental outcomes in children following medication exposure in pregnancy: A contribution from the ConcePTION project.

Studies on medication safety in pregnancy are increasingly focusing on child neurodevelopmental outcomes. Establishing neurodevelopmental safety is complex due to the range of neurodevelopmental outco... The EUROmediSAFE inventory of data sources in Europe for evaluating perinatal and long-term childhood risks associated with in-utero exposure to medication was updated by contacting colleagues across ... Ninety data sources were identified across 14 countries. The majority (63.3%) were created for health surveillance and research with the remaining serving administrative purposes (21.1% healthcare dat... This inventory is invaluable to future studies planning to investigate the neurodevelopmental impact of medication exposures during pregnancy. Caution must be used when combining varied approaches to ...

Detection of major congenital malformations depends on length of follow-up in Swedish National Health Register Data: Implications for pharmacoepidemiological research on medication safety in pregnancy.

In observational medication pregnancy safety studies, children are often followed from birth to 1 year of age. However, some major congenital malformations (MCM) may take longer to diagnose.... We aimed to investigate the proportion of children with detected MCMs at different lengths of follow-up and compare them to the proportion detected at 1 year after birth.... This population-based register study included all singleton children liveborn in Sweden from 2006 to 2016. MCM were identified by ICD-10 codes in the Medical Birth Register and National Patient Regist... In 1,138,113 liveborn children, the cumulative proportion of children with a detected MCM increased from 1.9% at birth to 3.1%, 3.9%, 4.4% and 4.7% at 90 days, 1, 2, and 3 years after birth, respectiv... The proportion of children with a detected MCM varied by MCM subgroup and follow-up time. In pharmacoepidemiology studies of medication safety in pregnancy using Swedish national data, the length of c...

The utility of the self-controlled study design for pharmacoepidemiological studies without an active comparator medication using a medical information database: An application to assess the risk of varenicline on cardiovascular outcomes.

To illustrate the utility of the self-controlled study design for studies without an active comparator, we compared the results of a cohort design study with a non-user comparator with those of a self... The participating smokers were identified from health-screening results collected between May 2008 and April 2017. Using a non-user-comparator cohort study design, we estimated the hazard ratios (HRs)... We identified 460 464 smokers (398 694 males [86.6%]; mean (standard deviation) age: 42.9 [10.8] years) in the database. Of these, 11 561 had been dispensed varenicline at least once, and 4511 had exp... The self-controlled study design is useful alternative to a non-user-comparator cohort design when evaluating the risk of medications relative to their non-use, based on a medical information database...