questionsmedicales.fr
Enzymes et coenzymes
Enzymes
Isomerases
Intramolecular oxidoreductases
Aldose-ketose isomerases
Aldose-ketose isomerases : Questions médicales fréquentes
Termes MeSH sélectionnés :
{
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@graph": [
{
"@type": "MedicalWebPage",
"name": "Aldose-ketose isomerases : Questions médicales les plus fréquentes",
"headline": "Aldose-ketose isomerases : Comprendre les symptômes, diagnostics et traitements",
"description": "Guide complet et accessible sur les Aldose-ketose isomerases : explications, diagnostics, traitements et prévention. Information médicale validée destinée aux patients.",
"datePublished": "2024-02-15",
"dateModified": "2025-02-09",
"inLanguage": "fr",
"medicalAudience": [
{
"@type": "MedicalAudience",
"name": "Grand public",
"audienceType": "Patient",
"healthCondition": {
"@type": "MedicalCondition",
"name": "Aldose-ketose isomerases"
},
"suggestedMinAge": 18,
"suggestedGender": "unisex"
},
{
"@type": "MedicalAudience",
"name": "Médecins",
"audienceType": "Physician",
"geographicArea": {
"@type": "AdministrativeArea",
"name": "France"
}
},
{
"@type": "MedicalAudience",
"name": "Chercheurs",
"audienceType": "Researcher",
"geographicArea": {
"@type": "AdministrativeArea",
"name": "International"
}
}
],
"reviewedBy": {
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Dr Olivier Menir",
"jobTitle": "Expert en Médecine",
"description": "Expert en Médecine, Optimisation des Parcours de Soins et Révision Médicale",
"url": "/static/pages/docteur-olivier-menir.html",
"alumniOf": {
"@type": "EducationalOrganization",
"name": "Université Paris Descartes"
}
},
"isPartOf": {
"@type": "MedicalWebPage",
"name": "Intramolecular oxidoreductases",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D019746",
"about": {
"@type": "MedicalCondition",
"name": "Intramolecular oxidoreductases",
"code": {
"@type": "MedicalCode",
"code": "D019746",
"codingSystem": "MeSH"
},
"identifier": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "MeSH Tree",
"value": "D08.811.399.475"
}
}
},
"hasPart": [
{
"@type": "MedicalWebPage",
"name": "Glucose 6-phosphate isomerase",
"alternateName": "Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D005956",
"about": {
"@type": "MedicalCondition",
"name": "Glucose 6-phosphate isomerase",
"code": {
"@type": "MedicalCode",
"code": "D005956",
"codingSystem": "MeSH"
},
"identifier": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "MeSH Tree",
"value": "D08.811.399.475.200.350"
}
}
},
{
"@type": "MedicalWebPage",
"name": "Mannose 6-phosphate isomerase",
"alternateName": "Mannose-6-Phosphate Isomerase",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D008359",
"about": {
"@type": "MedicalCondition",
"name": "Mannose 6-phosphate isomerase",
"code": {
"@type": "MedicalCode",
"code": "D008359",
"codingSystem": "MeSH"
},
"identifier": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "MeSH Tree",
"value": "D08.811.399.475.200.550"
}
}
},
{
"@type": "MedicalWebPage",
"name": "Triose phosphate isomerase",
"alternateName": "Triose-Phosphate Isomerase",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D014305",
"about": {
"@type": "MedicalCondition",
"name": "Triose phosphate isomerase",
"code": {
"@type": "MedicalCode",
"code": "D014305",
"codingSystem": "MeSH"
},
"identifier": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "MeSH Tree",
"value": "D08.811.399.475.200.775"
}
}
}
],
"about": {
"@type": "MedicalCondition",
"name": "Aldose-ketose isomerases",
"alternateName": "Aldose-Ketose Isomerases",
"code": {
"@type": "MedicalCode",
"code": "D019747",
"codingSystem": "MeSH"
}
},
"author": [
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Francesco Balestri",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/Francesco%20Balestri",
"affiliation": {
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 51, 56127 Pisa, Italy."
}
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Roberta Moschini",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/Roberta%20Moschini",
"affiliation": {
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 51, 56127 Pisa, Italy."
}
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Umberto Mura",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/Umberto%20Mura",
"affiliation": {
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 51, 56127 Pisa, Italy."
}
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Mario Cappiello",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/Mario%20Cappiello",
"affiliation": {
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 51, 56127 Pisa, Italy."
}
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Zijie Li",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/Zijie%20Li",
"affiliation": {
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China."
}
}
],
"citation": [
{
"@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
"name": "\"I have to translate the colors\": Description and implications of a genuine case of phoneme color synaesthesia.",
"datePublished": "2023-04-07",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/37031559",
"identifier": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "DOI",
"value": "10.1016/j.concog.2023.103509"
}
},
{
"@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
"name": "Effect of thickness on color and translucency of a multi-color polymer-infiltrated ceramic-network material.",
"datePublished": "2022-08-07",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/36533557",
"identifier": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "DOI",
"value": "10.1111/jerd.12952"
}
},
{
"@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
"name": "Tuning Structural Colors of TiO",
"datePublished": "2022-08-03",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/35956881",
"identifier": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "DOI",
"value": "10.3390/molecules27154932"
}
},
{
"@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
"name": "Linked color imaging provides enhanced visibility with a high color difference in upper gastrointestinal neoplasms.",
"datePublished": "2022-10-13",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/36184994",
"identifier": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "DOI",
"value": "10.1111/jgh.16018"
}
},
{
"@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
"name": "Linked color imaging improves visibility of colorectal serrated lesion by high color contrast to surrounding mucosa.",
"datePublished": "2022-08-02",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/35689542",
"identifier": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "DOI",
"value": "10.1111/den.14374"
}
}
],
"breadcrumb": {
"@type": "BreadcrumbList",
"itemListElement": [
{
"@type": "ListItem",
"position": 1,
"name": "questionsmedicales.fr",
"item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr"
},
{
"@type": "ListItem",
"position": 2,
"name": "Enzymes et coenzymes",
"item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D045762"
},
{
"@type": "ListItem",
"position": 3,
"name": "Enzymes",
"item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D004798"
},
{
"@type": "ListItem",
"position": 4,
"name": "Isomerases",
"item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D007535"
},
{
"@type": "ListItem",
"position": 5,
"name": "Intramolecular oxidoreductases",
"item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D019746"
},
{
"@type": "ListItem",
"position": 6,
"name": "Aldose-ketose isomerases",
"item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D019747"
}
]
}
},
{
"@type": "MedicalWebPage",
"name": "Article complet : Aldose-ketose isomerases - Questions et réponses",
"headline": "Questions et réponses médicales fréquentes sur Aldose-ketose isomerases",
"description": "Une compilation de questions et réponses structurées, validées par des experts médicaux.",
"datePublished": "2025-05-02",
"inLanguage": "fr",
"hasPart": [
{
"@type": "MedicalWebPage",
"name": "Diagnostic",
"headline": "Diagnostic sur Aldose-ketose isomerases",
"description": "Comment diagnostiquer une déficience en aldose-kétose isomérases ?\nQuels tests sont utilisés pour évaluer l'activité des isomérases ?\nLes symptômes peuvent-ils indiquer un problème d'isomérases ?\nY a-t-il des marqueurs biologiques spécifiques ?\nComment les tests génétiques aident-ils au diagnostic ?",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D019747?mesh_terms=Color&page=2#section-diagnostic"
},
{
"@type": "MedicalWebPage",
"name": "Symptômes",
"headline": "Symptômes sur Aldose-ketose isomerases",
"description": "Quels sont les symptômes d'une déficience en isomérases ?\nLes symptômes varient-ils selon l'âge ?\nY a-t-il des symptômes neurologiques associés ?\nComment les symptômes affectent-ils la qualité de vie ?\nLes symptômes sont-ils réversibles ?",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D019747?mesh_terms=Color&page=2#section-symptômes"
},
{
"@type": "MedicalWebPage",
"name": "Prévention",
"headline": "Prévention sur Aldose-ketose isomerases",
"description": "Peut-on prévenir les déficiences en isomérases ?\nY a-t-il des conseils diététiques préventifs ?\nLes antécédents familiaux influencent-ils la prévention ?\nLe dépistage génétique est-il recommandé ?\nComment l'éducation peut-elle aider à la prévention ?",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D019747?mesh_terms=Color&page=2#section-prévention"
},
{
"@type": "MedicalWebPage",
"name": "Traitements",
"headline": "Traitements sur Aldose-ketose isomerases",
"description": "Quels traitements sont disponibles pour cette condition ?\nLes médicaments peuvent-ils aider à gérer les symptômes ?\nLa thérapie génique est-elle une option ?\nComment un régime alimentaire aide-t-il ?\nY a-t-il des traitements expérimentaux ?",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D019747?mesh_terms=Color&page=2#section-traitements"
},
{
"@type": "MedicalWebPage",
"name": "Complications",
"headline": "Complications sur Aldose-ketose isomerases",
"description": "Quelles complications peuvent survenir ?\nLes complications sont-elles réversibles ?\nComment les complications affectent-elles la santé globale ?\nY a-t-il des risques de complications à long terme ?\nLes complications peuvent-elles être évitées ?",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D019747?mesh_terms=Color&page=2#section-complications"
},
{
"@type": "MedicalWebPage",
"name": "Facteurs de risque",
"headline": "Facteurs de risque sur Aldose-ketose isomerases",
"description": "Quels sont les facteurs de risque connus ?\nL'âge joue-t-il un rôle dans les facteurs de risque ?\nLes facteurs environnementaux influencent-ils le risque ?\nY a-t-il des tests pour évaluer les facteurs de risque ?\nComment le mode de vie affecte-t-il le risque ?",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D019747?mesh_terms=Color&page=2#section-facteurs de risque"
}
]
},
{
"@type": "FAQPage",
"mainEntity": [
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment diagnostiquer une déficience en aldose-kétose isomérases ?",
"position": 1,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Des tests enzymatiques et des analyses génétiques peuvent confirmer la déficience."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels tests sont utilisés pour évaluer l'activité des isomérases ?",
"position": 2,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Des tests biochimiques mesurant l'activité enzymatique dans des échantillons de sang ou d'urine."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les symptômes peuvent-ils indiquer un problème d'isomérases ?",
"position": 3,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, des symptômes métaboliques peuvent suggérer une anomalie dans l'activité des isomérases."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Y a-t-il des marqueurs biologiques spécifiques ?",
"position": 4,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Des niveaux anormaux de certains sucres dans le sang peuvent servir de marqueurs."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment les tests génétiques aident-ils au diagnostic ?",
"position": 5,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Ils identifient des mutations spécifiques dans les gènes codant pour les isomérases."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels sont les symptômes d'une déficience en isomérases ?",
"position": 6,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les symptômes incluent hypoglycémie, troubles digestifs et retard de croissance."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les symptômes varient-ils selon l'âge ?",
"position": 7,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, les symptômes peuvent apparaître dès la naissance ou plus tard dans l'enfance."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Y a-t-il des symptômes neurologiques associés ?",
"position": 8,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Des troubles neurologiques peuvent survenir en raison de déséquilibres métaboliques."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment les symptômes affectent-ils la qualité de vie ?",
"position": 9,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Ils peuvent entraîner des limitations dans l'alimentation et des problèmes de santé chroniques."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les symptômes sont-ils réversibles ?",
"position": 10,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Certains symptômes peuvent être gérés, mais d'autres peuvent persister sans traitement."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Peut-on prévenir les déficiences en isomérases ?",
"position": 11,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "La prévention est difficile, mais un dépistage néonatal peut aider à identifier les cas précoces."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Y a-t-il des conseils diététiques préventifs ?",
"position": 12,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Éviter certains sucres peut réduire le risque de complications chez les porteurs de mutations."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les antécédents familiaux influencent-ils la prévention ?",
"position": 13,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, des antécédents familiaux de troubles métaboliques augmentent le risque."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Le dépistage génétique est-il recommandé ?",
"position": 14,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Le dépistage génétique peut être conseillé pour les familles à risque d'anomalies enzymatiques."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment l'éducation peut-elle aider à la prévention ?",
"position": 15,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "L'éducation sur les symptômes et les risques peut aider à une détection précoce."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels traitements sont disponibles pour cette condition ?",
"position": 16,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Le traitement inclut des régimes alimentaires spécifiques et des suppléments enzymatiques."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les médicaments peuvent-ils aider à gérer les symptômes ?",
"position": 17,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Des médicaments peuvent être prescrits pour traiter les symptômes associés, comme l'hypoglycémie."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "La thérapie génique est-elle une option ?",
"position": 18,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "La thérapie génique est en recherche, mais pas encore une option standard pour ces déficiences."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment un régime alimentaire aide-t-il ?",
"position": 19,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Un régime adapté peut réduire les symptômes en limitant les sucres problématiques."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Y a-t-il des traitements expérimentaux ?",
"position": 20,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Des essais cliniques explorent de nouvelles approches, mais leur efficacité n'est pas encore prouvée."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quelles complications peuvent survenir ?",
"position": 21,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les complications incluent des troubles métaboliques graves et des problèmes de développement."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les complications sont-elles réversibles ?",
"position": 22,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Certaines complications peuvent être gérées, mais d'autres peuvent être permanentes."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment les complications affectent-elles la santé globale ?",
"position": 23,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Elles peuvent entraîner des problèmes de santé chroniques et affecter la qualité de vie."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Y a-t-il des risques de complications à long terme ?",
"position": 24,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, des complications à long terme peuvent survenir sans traitement approprié."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les complications peuvent-elles être évitées ?",
"position": 25,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Une gestion proactive des symptômes peut réduire le risque de complications graves."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels sont les facteurs de risque connus ?",
"position": 26,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les facteurs incluent des antécédents familiaux et certaines mutations génétiques."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "L'âge joue-t-il un rôle dans les facteurs de risque ?",
"position": 27,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, certains facteurs de risque sont plus fréquents chez les nourrissons et les jeunes enfants."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les facteurs environnementaux influencent-ils le risque ?",
"position": 28,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Des facteurs environnementaux peuvent interagir avec des prédispositions génétiques."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Y a-t-il des tests pour évaluer les facteurs de risque ?",
"position": 29,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Des tests génétiques peuvent identifier des mutations associées à un risque accru."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment le mode de vie affecte-t-il le risque ?",
"position": 30,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Un mode de vie sain peut réduire le risque de complications liées aux déficiences enzymatiques."
}
}
]
}
]
}
The aim of this paper was to assess the genuineness of a case of phoneme color synesthesia (VA) by evaluating the influence of several psycholinguistic levels with different stimuli (isolated vowels, ...
To evaluate the effect of thickness on color and translucency of a multi-color polymer-infiltrated ceramic-network (PICN) material....
Specimens of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 mm thicknesses were obtained by sectioning VITA ENAMIC® multiColor (E-MC) High Translucent CAD-CAM blocks (1M1-HT, 1M2-HT, 2M2-HT, 3M2-HT, and 4M2-HT). Spectral reflectance ...
In general, ΔE...
The gradient in color and translucency of E-MC PICN material was influenced by the thickness of the CAD-CAM block. In addition, color and TP transition values between the layers depends on the thickne...
The effect of thickness must be taken into account by dental technicians and dentists when CAD-CAM multicolor PICN materials are used....
The aim of this post-hoc analysis in a randomized, controlled, multicenter trial was to evaluate the visibility of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) neoplasms detected using linked color imaging (LCI) comp...
The visibility of the detected UGI neoplasm images obtained using both WLI and LCI was subjectively reviewed, and the median color difference (ΔE) between each lesion and the surrounding mucosa accord...
A total of 120 neoplasms, including 10, 32, and 78 neoplasms in the pharynx, esophagus, and stomach, respectively, were analyzed in this study. LCI enhanced the visibility 80.9% and 93.6% of neoplasms...
Color differences were independently associated with missing gastric neoplasms under WLI, suggesting that LCI has an obvious advantage over WLI in enhancing neoplastic visibility....
This study aimed to objectively evaluate the efficacy of linked color imaging (LCI) in diagnosing colorectal serrated lesions by utilizing visibility scores and color differences....
We examined 89 serrated lesions, including 36 hyperplastic polyps (HPs), 47 sessile serrated lesions (SSLs), and six traditional serrated adenomas (TSAs). Visibility changes were scored by six endosco...
The visibility scores of both HPs and SSLs in LCI were significantly higher than that in WLI (HPs, 3.67/2.89, P < 0.001; SSLs, 3.07/2.36, P < 0.001). Furthermore, SSLs showed a significantly higher L*...
Linked color imaging showed higher color contrast between serrated lesions and the surrounding mucosae compared with WLI, indicating improved visibility of colorectal serrated lesion using LCI....
Dynamically controllable reflective structural colors have been garnering growing attention due to increasing commercial interests in smart displays (...
The desirable properties of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) make it an effective agent for managing dental caries and tooth hypersensitivity. There are several clinical instances that SDF application mi...
Comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus and ISI Web of Science databases (until August 2023) as well as reference lists of retrieved studies was performed. In vitro studies reported color or co...
Eleven studies/reports with a total of 394 tooth-colored restorations placed following a) no SDF (control) or b) SDF with/without potassium iodide (KI)/glutathione dentine pre-treatments were included...
The limited evidence suggested comparable color changes of RBC restorations with and without 38% SDF + KI pre-treatment up to 60 days. The included studies lacked uniformity in methodology and reporte...
The protocol of this systematic review was registered in PROSPERO database under number CRD42023485083....
There has not been any research conducted on surface properties and color changes from sport and energy drinks on bulk-fill resin composite, nanohybrid resin composite and glass ionomer restorative ma...
One hundred and forty-seven specimens of each tooth-colored restorative material were prepared in a polytetrafluoroethylene mold (10 mm. in diameter and 2 mm. in thickness). Before immersion, baseline...
After immersion, the glass ionomer restorative material had statistically less hardness, more roughness and more color changes than the others (P < 0.05). Energy drink groups statistically caused more...
Sport and energy drinks affected hardness, roughness, and color changes in all the tooth-colored restorative materials evaluated....
We propose three methods for the color quantization of superpixel images. Prior to the application of each method, the target image is first segmented into a finite number of superpixels by grouping t...
Patients tend to favor the whitening mouthwashes as they are easily applied and affordable. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of hydrogen peroxide versus charcoal-based whitening mouthwashes on ...
A total of 21 permanent central incisor teeth extracted for periodontal reasons were used in the present study. Teeth roots were sectioned and crowns were mounted in self-cured acrylic resin blocks. T...
Color change results revealed that both whitening mouthwashes were able to restore color comparable to the control group with no significant difference between them. Regarding surface roughness, the c...
Hydrogen peroxide and charcoal-based whitening mouthwashes improve the color of enamel with no adverse effect on the surface roughness. Both whitening mouthwashes were beneficial to maintain the color...