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Phénomènes biologiques
Évolution biologique
Dérive génétique
Dérive génétique : Questions médicales fréquentes
Termes MeSH sélectionnés :
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"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment identifier la dérive génétique ?",
"position": 1,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Elle est identifiée par l'analyse des variations génétiques au fil des générations."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels tests génétiques sont utilisés ?",
"position": 2,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Des tests de séquençage et d'analyse de marqueurs génétiques sont utilisés."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "La dérive génétique peut-elle être mesurée ?",
"position": 3,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, elle peut être mesurée par des indices de diversité génétique."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels outils bioinformatiques sont utiles ?",
"position": 4,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Des logiciels comme STRUCTURE et Arlequin aident à analyser la dérive génétique."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "La dérive génétique affecte-t-elle tous les gènes ?",
"position": 5,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Non, elle affecte principalement les gènes dans des populations isolées."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels symptômes sont liés à la dérive génétique ?",
"position": 6,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "La dérive génétique n'a pas de symptômes directs, mais peut affecter la santé des populations."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "La dérive génétique cause-t-elle des maladies ?",
"position": 7,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Indirectement, elle peut augmenter la fréquence de maladies génétiques dans une population."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Y a-t-il des signes de dérive génétique ?",
"position": 8,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les signes sont des changements dans la fréquence des traits génétiques au fil du temps."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "La dérive génétique affecte-t-elle la fertilité ?",
"position": 9,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Elle peut influencer la fertilité en modifiant la diversité génétique, mais pas directement."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les populations isolées montrent-elles des symptômes ?",
"position": 10,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, elles peuvent présenter des traits spécifiques dus à la dérive génétique."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment prévenir la dérive génétique ?",
"position": 11,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Favoriser la diversité génétique par des échanges entre populations peut aider."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les réserves naturelles aident-elles ?",
"position": 12,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, elles préservent la diversité génétique et limitent la dérive dans les populations."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "L'élevage sélectif est-il efficace ?",
"position": 13,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "L'élevage sélectif peut réduire les effets de la dérive en maintenant la diversité."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les programmes de conservation sont-ils utiles ?",
"position": 14,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, ils aident à maintenir la diversité génétique et à prévenir la dérive."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "La migration des espèces aide-t-elle ?",
"position": 15,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, la migration peut introduire de nouveaux gènes et réduire la dérive."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Y a-t-il des traitements pour la dérive génétique ?",
"position": 16,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Il n'existe pas de traitements, car c'est un processus évolutif naturel."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment gérer les effets de la dérive génétique ?",
"position": 17,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "La gestion passe par la conservation de la diversité génétique dans les populations."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Peut-on prévenir la dérive génétique ?",
"position": 18,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "On peut réduire ses effets par des programmes de reproduction contrôlée."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les thérapies géniques aident-elles ?",
"position": 19,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les thérapies géniques ne ciblent pas la dérive génétique, mais des maladies spécifiques."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "La sélection naturelle peut-elle contrer la dérive ?",
"position": 20,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, la sélection naturelle peut influencer les fréquences alléliques et contrer la dérive."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quelles complications peuvent survenir ?",
"position": 21,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "La dérive peut entraîner une perte de diversité génétique et des maladies héréditaires."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "La dérive génétique augmente-t-elle le risque d'extinction ?",
"position": 22,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, elle peut accroître le risque d'extinction des populations en réduisant la diversité."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les populations en danger sont-elles plus affectées ?",
"position": 23,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, les populations en danger sont plus vulnérables à la dérive génétique."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "La dérive peut-elle affecter l'adaptation ?",
"position": 24,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, elle peut limiter l'adaptation des populations aux changements environnementaux."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Y a-t-il des effets sur la santé publique ?",
"position": 25,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, la dérive peut influencer la prévalence de certaines maladies dans les populations."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels facteurs augmentent la dérive génétique ?",
"position": 26,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les petites tailles de population et l'isolement géographique augmentent le risque."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les événements fondateurs influencent-ils ?",
"position": 27,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, les événements fondateurs peuvent réduire la diversité génétique et favoriser la dérive."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Le changement climatique est-il un facteur ?",
"position": 28,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, il peut isoler des populations et augmenter la dérive génétique."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les maladies peuvent-elles influencer la dérive ?",
"position": 29,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, les épidémies peuvent réduire la taille de la population et favoriser la dérive."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les pratiques agricoles affectent-elles la dérive ?",
"position": 30,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, l'agriculture intensive peut réduire la diversité génétique et favoriser la dérive."
}
}
]
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Pontine tegmental cap dysplasia (PTCD) is a rare hindbrain malformation syndrome. Recurrent aspiration pneumonia is a major cause of death during a first year of life. We report the case of month-old ...
There are currently no specific tests for either idiopathic Parkinson's disease or Parkinson-plus syndromes. The study aimed to investigate the diagnostic performance of features extracted from the wh...
The retrospective data yielded 625 participants (average age: 61.4 ± 8.2, men/women: 313/312; healthy controls/idiopathic Parkinson's disease/multiple system atrophy/progressive supranuclear palsy: 21...
Diagnoses were accurate for distinguishing idiopathic Parkinson's disease from healthy control and Parkinson-plus syndromes (87.4 ± 2.1% and 82.5 ± 3.9%, respectively). Diagnostic F1 scores varied for...
Features extracted from diffusion tensor imaging of the whole brain can provide objective evidence for the diagnosis of healthy control, idiopathic Parkinson's disease, and Parkinson-plus syndromes wi...
The aim of this work was to demonstrate capabilities of diffusion tensor imaging as a diagnostic tool for prostate cancer in comparison with the apparent diffusion coefficient....
364 patients with suspected prostate cancer underwent multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging including diffusion tensor imaging....
The anatomical structure of the prostate obtained on T2-weighted imaging was compared with the apparent diffusion coefficient and diffusion tensor imaging maps. The rest of the gland (central and peri...
Diffusion tensor imaging has the potential to identify prostate cancer with high accuracy and specificity. The combination of standard magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging can signi...
Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy (CSM) is a gradually escalating spinal cord disturbance set in motion by the degenerative narrowing of the vertebral canal. Routine MRI may fail to detect the subtle ea...
Sixty-four subjects who met the requirements of the inclusion criteria were incorporated into the investigation. All subjects underwent routine MRI sequences in addition to DTI of the cervical spine r...
A noteworthy difference (p<0.05) was seen in the FA parameter and ADC parameter values between the stenotic and non-stenotic groups, with the non-stenotic group having a higher mean FA and a lower ADC...
DTI parameters, namely FA and ADC, are sensitive to damage to the white matter and can be used to detect microstructural changes in the cord. However, standardization of the protocol is necessary when...
The relationship between brain diffusion microstructural changes and disability in multiple sclerosis (MS) remains poorly understood. We aimed to explore the predictive value of microstructural proper...
Quantifying the rotator cuff (RC) muscles' viscoelasticity could provide outcome relevant information in patients with RC tears. MR-elastography requires robust diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) to accou...
To assess the repeatability of DTI parameters in the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles and to explore DTI tractography conformity with the muscles' anatomy....
Prospective....
Six healthy volunteers underwent three consecutive shoulder MRI sessions about 10 minutes apart....
3T/T1-vibe Dixon and Spin echo EPI DTI (12 gradient encoding directions, b-values 500 and 800 sec/mm...
Supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles were segmented on the T1-vibe Dixon sequence. DTI image quality was assessed using a quantitative threshold based on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The eigenv...
DTI parameters within-subject intersession repeatability was assessed with Bland-Altman analysis and the coefficient of variation (CV). Repeatability was considered good for CV < 10%....
The SNR between diffusion-weighted and non-diffusion-weighted images was greater than 3, which aligns with standards for estimating DTI parameters. The FA showed the lowest mean bias (-0.007; 95% conf...
DTI of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles achieved an adequate SNR, allowing the measurement of the DTI metrics with good repeatability, and thus can be used for optimizing stiffness estimati...
2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2....
The caudate nucleus has been thought to be involved in the control of motor commands by the cerebrum, and recent studies suggest that it may play a role in the control of attachment behavior, cognitio...
Cardiac diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a noninvasive method for measuring the microstructure of the myocardium. However, its long scan time significantly hinders its wide application. In this study...
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is a heterogenous structure that is highly susceptible to the effects of aging. Few studies have investigated age effects on the superficial white matter (WM) contained wit...
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is an emerging technique for peripheral nerve imaging that can provide information about the microstructural organization and connectivity of these nerves and complement...