Titre : Dérive génétique

Dérive génétique : Questions médicales fréquentes

Termes MeSH sélectionnés :

Diffusion Tensor Imaging
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dérive génétique ?", "position": 1, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Elle est identifiée par l'analyse des variations génétiques au fil des générations." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels tests génétiques sont utilisés ?", "position": 2, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Des tests de séquençage et d'analyse de marqueurs génétiques sont utilisés." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "La dérive génétique peut-elle être mesurée ?", "position": 3, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Oui, elle peut être mesurée par des indices de diversité génétique." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels outils bioinformatiques sont utiles ?", "position": 4, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Des logiciels comme STRUCTURE et Arlequin aident à analyser la dérive génétique." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "La dérive génétique affecte-t-elle tous les gènes ?", "position": 5, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Non, elle affecte principalement les gènes dans des populations isolées." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels symptômes sont liés à la dérive génétique ?", "position": 6, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "La dérive génétique n'a pas de symptômes directs, mais peut affecter la santé des populations." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "La dérive génétique cause-t-elle des maladies ?", "position": 7, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Indirectement, elle peut augmenter la fréquence de maladies génétiques dans une population." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Y a-t-il des signes de dérive génétique ?", "position": 8, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les signes sont des changements dans la fréquence des traits génétiques au fil du temps." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "La dérive génétique affecte-t-elle la fertilité ?", "position": 9, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Elle peut influencer la fertilité en modifiant la diversité génétique, mais pas directement." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Les populations isolées montrent-elles des symptômes ?", "position": 10, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Oui, elles peuvent présenter des traits spécifiques dus à la dérive génétique." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment prévenir la dérive génétique ?", "position": 11, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Favoriser la diversité génétique par des échanges entre populations peut aider." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Les réserves naturelles aident-elles ?", "position": 12, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Oui, elles préservent la diversité génétique et limitent la dérive dans les populations." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "L'élevage sélectif est-il efficace ?", "position": 13, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "L'élevage sélectif peut réduire les effets de la dérive en maintenant la diversité." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Les programmes de conservation sont-ils utiles ?", "position": 14, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Oui, ils aident à maintenir la diversité génétique et à prévenir la dérive." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "La migration des espèces aide-t-elle ?", "position": 15, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Oui, la migration peut introduire de nouveaux gènes et réduire la dérive." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Y a-t-il des traitements pour la dérive génétique ?", "position": 16, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Il n'existe pas de traitements, car c'est un processus évolutif naturel." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment gérer les effets de la dérive génétique ?", "position": 17, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "La gestion passe par la conservation de la diversité génétique dans les populations." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Peut-on prévenir la dérive génétique ?", "position": 18, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "On peut réduire ses effets par des programmes de reproduction contrôlée." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Les thérapies géniques aident-elles ?", "position": 19, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les thérapies géniques ne ciblent pas la dérive génétique, mais des maladies spécifiques." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "La sélection naturelle peut-elle contrer la dérive ?", "position": 20, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Oui, la sélection naturelle peut influencer les fréquences alléliques et contrer la dérive." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quelles complications peuvent survenir ?", "position": 21, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "La dérive peut entraîner une perte de diversité génétique et des maladies héréditaires." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "La dérive génétique augmente-t-elle le risque d'extinction ?", "position": 22, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Oui, elle peut accroître le risque d'extinction des populations en réduisant la diversité." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Les populations en danger sont-elles plus affectées ?", "position": 23, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Oui, les populations en danger sont plus vulnérables à la dérive génétique." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "La dérive peut-elle affecter l'adaptation ?", "position": 24, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Oui, elle peut limiter l'adaptation des populations aux changements environnementaux." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Y a-t-il des effets sur la santé publique ?", "position": 25, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Oui, la dérive peut influencer la prévalence de certaines maladies dans les populations." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels facteurs augmentent la dérive génétique ?", "position": 26, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les petites tailles de population et l'isolement géographique augmentent le risque." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Les événements fondateurs influencent-ils ?", "position": 27, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Oui, les événements fondateurs peuvent réduire la diversité génétique et favoriser la dérive." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Le changement climatique est-il un facteur ?", "position": 28, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Oui, il peut isoler des populations et augmenter la dérive génétique." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Les maladies peuvent-elles influencer la dérive ?", "position": 29, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Oui, les épidémies peuvent réduire la taille de la population et favoriser la dérive." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Les pratiques agricoles affectent-elles la dérive ?", "position": 30, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Oui, l'agriculture intensive peut réduire la diversité génétique et favoriser la dérive." } } ] } ] }

Sources (10000 au total)

Diffusion-tensor MR imaging of optic pathway in idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

To investigate the role of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of optic pathway in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH).... This study included 41 IIH patients and 22 controls. They underwent DTI of the optic nerve (ON) and optic radiation (OR). Their fractional anostrophy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) were calculated by ... The optic nerve mean FA and MD of patients for reviewer-1 were 0.21 ± 0.047 and 2.189 ± 0.52 ×10... Our findings suggest that, IIH is associated mainly with pre-chiasmatic or ON involvement rather than post-chiasmatic parenchymal or OR involvement. DTI MD and FA parameters of the ON may be a reliabl...

Analysis of changes in brain morphological structure of taekwondo athletes by diffusion tensor imaging.

Taekwondo, which is the most preferred sport among the martial arts, is known to improve individuals physically, spiritually and mentally. The aim of this study is to reveal the effect of teakwondo sp... Total brain volume and volumes of white matter, gray matter, frontal lobe, precentral gyrus, corticospinal tract, basal nuclei, postcentral gyrus, hippocampus and amigdala and the ratio of these volum... An increase in total brain volume, gray matter, frontal lobe and precentral gyrus volume in athletes was associated with taekwondo training. When the ratio of brain parts to total brain volume was exa... The increase in the volume of gray matter, frontal lobe, postcentral gyrus and corticospinal tract together with the brain volume shows that taekwondo exercise contributes to physical, spiritual and m...

Probabilistic tractography of the extracranial branches of the trigeminal nerve using diffusion tensor imaging.

The peripheral course of the trigeminal nerves is complex and spans multiple bony foramen and tissue compartments throughout the face. Diffusion tensor imaging of these nerves is difficult due to the ... We prospectively acquired imaging data from six healthy adult participants with a 3.0-Tesla system, including T2-weighted short tau inversion recovery with variable flip angle (T2-STIR-SPACE) and read... All nerves in all subjects were tracked beyond the trigeminal ganglion. Tracts in the inferior alveolar and ophthalmic nerve exhibited the strongest signal and most consistently reached the most dista... This work demonstrates a method for consistently identifying and tracking the major nerve branches of the trigeminal nerve with diffusion tensor imaging....

Chronic Cocaine Use and White Matter Coherence: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study.

Chronic substance use and its effects on brain function and structure has long been of interest to clinicians and researchers. Prior cross-sectional comparisons of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metri... A total of 46 participants (21 healthy controls, 25 chronic cocaine users) were recruited from the Richmond, Virginia metropolitan area. Information regarding past and current substance use was collec... Consistent with previous DTI studies, significant differences were found between fractional anisotropy (FA) and axial diffusivity (AD) CocUD and controls, with CocUD showing lower FA and AD in the rig... These data align with previously reported declines in white matter coherence in chronic cocaine users. However, it is less clear whether comorbid alcohol consumption results in an additive deleterious...

Validation of Presurgical Simulation of White Matter Damage Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging.

The understanding of white matter (WM) was revolutionized by the emergence of tractography based on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Currently, DTI simulations are implemented in preoperative planning ... WM surgical damage was preoperatively simulated by creating a 3-dimensional volume representing the endoscope or the surgical trajectory. This volume was used as an additional region of interest in th... The preoperative and postoperative DTI studies of 30 patients undergoing various neurosurgical approaches were processed. The correlation between simulated injuries and postoperative studies was high ... Presurgical simulation of WM fascicles based on DTI is consistent with postoperative DTI studies. These findings require further validation by neurophysiological and clinical correlation....

Simultaneous Acquisition of Diffusion Tensor and Dynamic Diffusion MRI.

Dynamic diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (ddMRI) metrics can assess transient microstructural alterations in tissue diffusivity but requires additional scan time hindering its clinical application... To determine whether a diffusion gradient table can simultaneously acquire data to estimate dynamic and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics.... Prospective.... Seven healthy subjects, 39 epilepsy patients (15 female, 31 male, age ± 15).... Two-dimensional diffusion MRI (b = 1000 s/mm... Fifteen direction DTI was repeated twice for within-session test-retest measurements in healthy subjects. Bland-Altman analysis computed bias and limits of agreement for DTI metrics using test-retest ... Bland-Altman and ICC analysis using a P-value of 0.05 for statistical significance.... Correlations of mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) were strong and significant in gray (ICC > 0.95) and white matter (ICC > 0.95) between standard vs. nested cu... A nested cubes diffusion gradient table produces tensor-based and dynamic diffusion measurements in a single acquisition.... 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 1....