WHO-recommended vaccines substantially prevent and control vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs), but their inclusion differs among countries and regions. We reviewed the application for WHO-recommended...
Pakistan has a well-established Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) however vaccine-preventable diseases still account for high infant and child mortality rates. This study describes the differenti...
From October 2014 to September 2018, we enrolled children younger than 2 years of age from the Matiari Demographic Surveillance System in Sindh, Pakistan. Socio-demographic and vaccination history wer...
Of the 3140 enrolled children, 48.4 % received all EPI recommended vaccines. Only 21.2 % of these were age appropriate. Around 45.4 % of the children were partially vaccinated, and 6.2 % were unvaccin...
Vaccine coverage was low among children in Matiari, Pakistan, and majority received delayed doses. Parents' education status and year of study enrollment was protective against vaccine dropout and del...
In response to the substantial clinical and economic burden of diseases caused by...
A Markov model that simulated the disease processes of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), pneumonia, and acute otitis media (AOM) over a newborn cohort lifetime was used to evaluate the cost-effecti...
Vaccination with PHiD-CV or PCV13 was estimated to avert approximately 700 cases of IPD (200 meningitis, 500 bacteremia), and around 5,000 cases of all-cause pneumonia. However, PHiD-CV vaccination wa...
PCVs are a cost-effective strategy to relieve the burden associated with diseases caused by...
Immunization is regarded as one of the most cost-effective public health interventions in global health. However, its cost-effectiveness depends greatly on the knowledge and skills of vaccinators. Wit...
Through a descriptive cross-sectional design, we used structured questionnaires and observation guides to collect data from vaccination staff in health facilities that were selected by a multistage sa...
Overall, we collected data from Expanded Program on Immunization focal staff in 265 health facilities across 68 health districts. Over half (53%) of the surveyed facilities were found in rural areas. ...
This study suggests marked deficits in immunization knowledge among vaccination staff and exposes common attitudes and practices that could contribute to missed opportunities for vaccination and hinde...
In this article we analyzed the extent of the usage of Theories of Change (TOCs) and causal pathways in the evaluation of immunization programs to identify the challenges to generating evidence on how...
We analyzed the use of the TOC in impact evaluations (IEs) of immunization interventions published after 2010, and its associated articles. The review includes studies from Evidence Gap Map and Yale r...
Our review included 47 large-scale and 45 small-to medium-scale interventions. Of the included studies, 19% used a TOC, 56% described a causal pathway or used a conceptual diagram with varying degrees...
Future implementers and evaluators need to develop clear TOCs that are based on established theory and have clearly articulated the underlying assumptions. Large-scale health system strengthening init...
Rotavirus (RV) vaccination was included in the Finnish National immunization Program (NIP) in 2009. RotaTeq (RV5) has been used exclusively with a national average vaccination coverage rate (VCR) of >...
We first describe the incidence of RVGE, viral gastroenteritis (VGE), and acute gastroenteritis (AGE) for all Finnish children born during 2008-2011. Children were stratified by the year of birth into...
RVGE incidence decreased significantly soon after implementation of RV vaccination in the NIP. In vaccine-eligible cohorts, no clear peak incidence in the youngest age groups could be observed, and no...
Incidence of RVGE has remained low in all age groups during the 10 years following introduction of RV vaccine in the Finnish NIP. Differences in RVGE incidence were observed in regions with high as co...
Measles is a highly transmissible disease that requires high levels of vaccination coverage for control and elimination. Areas that are unable to achieve and maintain high coverage levels are at risk ...
The authors aimed to assess the characteristics and integration of immunization services into the prenatal care provided by maternity care units (MCUs) in Italy....
A cross-sectional nationwide study using a web-based survey was conducted from June to August 2021. The study population consisted of 342 obstetricians/gynecologists (OB/GYNs), members of the Italian ...
Overall, 112 of 342 MCUs completed the survey, for an overall response rate of 32.7%. Almost all MCUs (96.4%) provided vaccine information, but only 22% had an onsite vaccination clinic. Less than hal...
Institutional barriers and lack of certain vaccine-related services offered during prenatal care in Italian MCUs might be responsible for many missed vaccination opportunities. Embedding maternal immu...
Delaying of policies for immunization of aging adults, low vaccine uptake, and the lack of supportive evidence at the national level could diminish the value in health and economics of such programs. ...
The tool was developed in two phases. First, a modified Delphi process was used to construct the tool. The process included a literature review, stakeholder consultations, and a three-round Delphi stu...
The review identified 16 tools and frameworks that formed the first version of our tool with 14 items. Eight experts were involved in the Delphi panel. Through three Delphi rounds, four items were add...
Through a thorough and transparent process, a country score tool was developed helping to identify strengths, weaknesses, and evidential requirements for decision-making and implementation of immuniza...
Since 1994, the U.S. Vaccines for Children (VFC) program has covered the cost of vaccines for children whose families might not otherwise be able to afford vaccines. This report assessed and quantifie...
