Titre : Flavonols

Flavonols : Questions médicales fréquentes

Termes MeSH sélectionnés :

Concept Formation

Questions fréquentes et termes MeSH associés

Diagnostic 2

#1

Comment détecte-t-on les flavonols dans les aliments ?

Les flavonols peuvent être détectés par chromatographie et spectrométrie de masse.
Flavonols Chromatographie Spectrométrie de masse
#2

Quels tests mesurent les niveaux de flavonols dans le sang ?

Des tests sanguins spécifiques peuvent quantifier les flavonols et leurs métabolites.
Flavonols Analyse sanguine Métabolites

Symptômes 2

#1

Les flavonols provoquent-ils des symptômes ?

En général, les flavonols ne provoquent pas de symptômes, mais des allergies peuvent survenir.
Flavonols Allergies alimentaires Réactions indésirables
#2

Quels effets des flavonols sur la santé ?

Les flavonols peuvent réduire l'inflammation et améliorer la santé cardiovasculaire.
Flavonols Santé cardiovasculaire Inflammation

Prévention 2

#1

Comment les flavonols aident-ils à prévenir les maladies ?

Ils agissent comme antioxydants, réduisant le stress oxydatif et le risque de maladies.
Flavonols Antioxydants Prévention des maladies
#2

Quels aliments sont riches en flavonols ?

Les oignons, le thé, les baies et le chocolat noir sont de bonnes sources de flavonols.
Flavonols Alimentation Sources alimentaires

Traitements 2

#1

Les flavonols sont-ils utilisés en médecine ?

Oui, les flavonols sont étudiés pour leurs effets bénéfiques sur diverses maladies.
Flavonols Médecine préventive Maladies chroniques
#2

Comment les flavonols aident-ils dans le traitement du cancer ?

Ils peuvent inhiber la croissance tumorale et améliorer l'efficacité des traitements.
Flavonols Cancer Thérapies anticancéreuses

Complications 2

#1

Y a-t-il des complications liées aux flavonols ?

Des interactions médicamenteuses peuvent survenir, mais elles sont rares.
Flavonols Interactions médicamenteuses Complications
#2

Les flavonols peuvent-ils causer des effets secondaires ?

En général, ils sont sûrs, mais des doses élevées peuvent entraîner des troubles digestifs.
Flavonols Effets secondaires Troubles digestifs

Facteurs de risque 2

#1

Qui devrait éviter les flavonols ?

Les personnes allergiques aux flavonoïdes devraient limiter leur consommation de flavonols.
Flavonols Allergies alimentaires Flavonoïdes
#2

Les flavonols sont-ils sûrs pour les femmes enceintes ?

En général, les flavonols sont considérés comme sûrs, mais une consultation médicale est conseillée.
Flavonols Grossesse Sécurité alimentaire
{ "@context": "https://schema.org", "@graph": [ { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Flavonols : Questions médicales les plus fréquentes", "headline": "Flavonols : Comprendre les symptômes, diagnostics et traitements", "description": "Guide complet et accessible sur les Flavonols : explications, diagnostics, traitements et prévention. Information médicale validée destinée aux patients.", "datePublished": "2024-05-18", "dateModified": "2025-02-12", "inLanguage": "fr", "medicalAudience": [ { "@type": "MedicalAudience", "name": "Grand public", "audienceType": "Patient", "healthCondition": { "@type": "MedicalCondition", "name": "Flavonols" }, "suggestedMinAge": 18, "suggestedGender": "unisex" }, { "@type": "MedicalAudience", "name": "Médecins", "audienceType": "Physician", "geographicArea": { "@type": "AdministrativeArea", "name": "France" } }, { "@type": "MedicalAudience", "name": "Chercheurs", "audienceType": "Researcher", "geographicArea": { "@type": "AdministrativeArea", "name": "International" } } ], "reviewedBy": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Dr Olivier Menir", "jobTitle": "Expert en Médecine", "description": "Expert en Médecine, Optimisation des Parcours de Soins et Révision Médicale", "url": "/static/pages/docteur-olivier-menir.html", "alumniOf": { "@type": "EducationalOrganization", "name": "Université Paris Descartes" } }, "isPartOf": { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Flavonoïdes", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D005419", "about": { "@type": "MedicalCondition", "name": "Flavonoïdes", "code": { "@type": "MedicalCode", "code": "D005419", "codingSystem": "MeSH" }, "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "MeSH Tree", "value": "D03.633.100.150.266.450" } } }, "hasPart": [ { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Kaempférols", "alternateName": "Kaempferols", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D044949", "about": { "@type": "MedicalCondition", "name": "Kaempférols", "code": { "@type": "MedicalCode", "code": "D044949", "codingSystem": "MeSH" }, "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "MeSH Tree", "value": "D03.633.100.150.266.450.284.388" } } }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Quercétine", "alternateName": "Quercetin", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D011794", "about": { "@type": "MedicalCondition", "name": "Quercétine", "code": { "@type": "MedicalCode", "code": "D011794", "codingSystem": "MeSH" }, "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "MeSH Tree", "value": "D03.633.100.150.266.450.284.777" } } }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Rutoside", "alternateName": "Rutin", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D012431", "about": { "@type": "MedicalCondition", "name": "Rutoside", "code": { "@type": "MedicalCode", "code": "D012431", "codingSystem": "MeSH" }, "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "MeSH Tree", "value": "D03.633.100.150.266.450.284.888" } }, "hasPart": [ { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "O-(bêta-Hydroxyéthyl)rutosides", "alternateName": "Hydroxyethylrutoside", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D006896", "about": { "@type": "MedicalCondition", "name": "O-(bêta-Hydroxyéthyl)rutosides", "code": { "@type": "MedicalCode", "code": "D006896", "codingSystem": "MeSH" }, "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "MeSH Tree", "value": "D03.633.100.150.266.450.284.888.500" } } } ] } ], "about": { "@type": "MedicalCondition", "name": "Flavonols", "alternateName": "Flavonols", "code": { "@type": "MedicalCode", "code": "D044948", "codingSystem": "MeSH" } }, "author": [ { "@type": "Person", "name": "Changjie Xu", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/Changjie%20Xu", "affiliation": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China." } }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Kunsong Chen", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/Kunsong%20Chen", "affiliation": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China." } }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Xian Li", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/Xian%20Li", "affiliation": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China." } }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Wei Xue", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/Wei%20Xue", "affiliation": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China. wxue@gzu.edu.cn." } }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Nguyen Xuan Nhiem", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/Nguyen%20Xuan%20Nhiem", "affiliation": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam." } } ], "citation": [ { "@type": "ScholarlyArticle", "name": "Nursing diagnosis proposal \"Impaired Peripheral Venous Return\": concept formation.", "datePublished": "2023-11-27", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/38018610", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.1590/0034-7167-2022-0426" } }, { "@type": "ScholarlyArticle", "name": "Structure learning enhances concept formation in synthetic Active Inference agents.", "datePublished": "2022-11-14", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/36374909", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.1371/journal.pone.0277199" } }, { "@type": "ScholarlyArticle", "name": "Kick-starting concept formation with intrinsically motivated learning: the grounding by competence acquisition hypothesis.", "datePublished": "2022-12-26", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/36571135", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.1098/rstb.2021.0370" } }, { "@type": "ScholarlyArticle", "name": "Influence of language on perception and concept formation in a brain-constrained deep neural network model.", "datePublished": "2022-12-26", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/36571136", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.1098/rstb.2021.0373" } }, { "@type": "ScholarlyArticle", "name": "Abstract concepts and expertise: the case of institutional concepts.", "datePublished": "2024-10-28", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/39468256", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.1038/s41598-024-77308-7" } } ], "breadcrumb": { "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 1, "name": "questionsmedicales.fr", "item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 2, "name": "Composés hétérocycliques", "item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D006571" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 3, "name": "Composés hétérocycliques à cycles fusionnés", "item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D000072471" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 4, "name": "Composés hétérobicycliques", "item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D006574" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 5, "name": "Benzopyranes", "item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D001578" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 6, "name": "4H-1-Benzopyran-4-ones", "item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D002867" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 7, "name": "Flavonoïdes", "item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D005419" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 8, "name": "Flavonols", "item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D044948" } ] } }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Article complet : Flavonols - Questions et réponses", "headline": "Questions et réponses médicales fréquentes sur Flavonols", "description": "Une compilation de questions et réponses structurées, validées par des experts médicaux.", "datePublished": "2025-05-09", "inLanguage": "fr", "hasPart": [ { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Diagnostic", "headline": "Diagnostic sur Flavonols", "description": "Comment détecte-t-on les flavonols dans les aliments ?\nQuels tests mesurent les niveaux de flavonols dans le sang ?", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D044948?mesh_terms=Concept+Formation#section-diagnostic" }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Symptômes", "headline": "Symptômes sur Flavonols", "description": "Les flavonols provoquent-ils des symptômes ?\nQuels effets des flavonols sur la santé ?", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D044948?mesh_terms=Concept+Formation#section-symptômes" }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Prévention", "headline": "Prévention sur Flavonols", "description": "Comment les flavonols aident-ils à prévenir les maladies ?\nQuels aliments sont riches en flavonols ?", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D044948?mesh_terms=Concept+Formation#section-prévention" }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Traitements", "headline": "Traitements sur Flavonols", "description": "Les flavonols sont-ils utilisés en médecine ?\nComment les flavonols aident-ils dans le traitement du cancer ?", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D044948?mesh_terms=Concept+Formation#section-traitements" }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Complications", "headline": "Complications sur Flavonols", "description": "Y a-t-il des complications liées aux flavonols ?\nLes flavonols peuvent-ils causer des effets secondaires ?", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D044948?mesh_terms=Concept+Formation#section-complications" }, { "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Facteurs de risque", "headline": "Facteurs de risque sur Flavonols", "description": "Qui devrait éviter les flavonols ?\nLes flavonols sont-ils sûrs pour les femmes enceintes ?", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D044948?mesh_terms=Concept+Formation#section-facteurs de risque" } ] }, { "@type": "FAQPage", "mainEntity": [ { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment détecte-t-on les flavonols dans les aliments ?", "position": 1, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les flavonols peuvent être détectés par chromatographie et spectrométrie de masse." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels tests mesurent les niveaux de flavonols dans le sang ?", "position": 2, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Des tests sanguins spécifiques peuvent quantifier les flavonols et leurs métabolites." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Les flavonols provoquent-ils des symptômes ?", "position": 3, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "En général, les flavonols ne provoquent pas de symptômes, mais des allergies peuvent survenir." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels effets des flavonols sur la santé ?", "position": 4, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les flavonols peuvent réduire l'inflammation et améliorer la santé cardiovasculaire." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment les flavonols aident-ils à prévenir les maladies ?", "position": 5, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Ils agissent comme antioxydants, réduisant le stress oxydatif et le risque de maladies." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels aliments sont riches en flavonols ?", "position": 6, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les oignons, le thé, les baies et le chocolat noir sont de bonnes sources de flavonols." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Les flavonols sont-ils utilisés en médecine ?", "position": 7, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Oui, les flavonols sont étudiés pour leurs effets bénéfiques sur diverses maladies." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment les flavonols aident-ils dans le traitement du cancer ?", "position": 8, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Ils peuvent inhiber la croissance tumorale et améliorer l'efficacité des traitements." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Y a-t-il des complications liées aux flavonols ?", "position": 9, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Des interactions médicamenteuses peuvent survenir, mais elles sont rares." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Les flavonols peuvent-ils causer des effets secondaires ?", "position": 10, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "En général, ils sont sûrs, mais des doses élevées peuvent entraîner des troubles digestifs." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Qui devrait éviter les flavonols ?", "position": 11, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les personnes allergiques aux flavonoïdes devraient limiter leur consommation de flavonols." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Les flavonols sont-ils sûrs pour les femmes enceintes ?", "position": 12, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "En général, les flavonols sont considérés comme sûrs, mais une consultation médicale est conseillée." } } ] } ] }
Dr Olivier Menir

Contenu validé par Dr Olivier Menir

Expert en Médecine, Optimisation des Parcours de Soins et Révision Médicale


Validation scientifique effectuée le 12/02/2025

Contenu vérifié selon les dernières recommandations médicales

Auteurs principaux

Changjie Xu

3 publications dans cette catégorie

Affiliations :
  • Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
  • Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China.
Publications dans "Flavonols" :

Kunsong Chen

3 publications dans cette catégorie

Affiliations :
  • Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
  • Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China.
Publications dans "Flavonols" :

Xian Li

3 publications dans cette catégorie

Affiliations :
  • Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
  • Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China.
Publications dans "Flavonols" :

Wei Xue

3 publications dans cette catégorie

Affiliations :
  • State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China. wxue@gzu.edu.cn.

Nguyen Xuan Nhiem

2 publications dans cette catégorie

Affiliations :
  • Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Publications dans "Flavonols" :

Phan Van Kiem

2 publications dans cette catégorie

Affiliations :
  • Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Publications dans "Flavonols" :

So Young Lee

2 publications dans cette catégorie

Affiliations :
  • Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
Publications dans "Flavonols" :

Yea Jung Choi

2 publications dans cette catégorie

Affiliations :
  • College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea.
Publications dans "Flavonols" :

So-Ri Son

2 publications dans cette catégorie

Affiliations :
  • Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
Publications dans "Flavonols" :

Sullim Lee

2 publications dans cette catégorie

Affiliations :
  • Department of Life Science, College of Bio-Nano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea.
Publications dans "Flavonols" :

Dae Sik Jang

2 publications dans cette catégorie

Affiliations :
  • Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
Publications dans "Flavonols" :

Jesus Simal-Gandara

2 publications dans cette catégorie

Affiliations :
  • Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, 32004, Ourense, Spain.
Publications dans "Flavonols" :

Hui Cao

2 publications dans cette catégorie

Affiliations :
  • College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
  • Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, 32004, Ourense, Spain.
Publications dans "Flavonols" :

Joanna Popiolek-Kalisz

2 publications dans cette catégorie

Affiliations :
  • Department of Bioanalytics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland.
  • Department of Cardiology, Cardinal Wyszynski Hospital in Lublin, 20-718 Lublin, Poland.

Xiaolan Jiang

2 publications dans cette catégorie

Affiliations :
  • State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, and International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
Publications dans "Flavonols" :

Yufeng Shi

2 publications dans cette catégorie

Affiliations :
  • State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, and International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
Publications dans "Flavonols" :

Zhouping Fu

2 publications dans cette catégorie

Affiliations :
  • State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, and International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
Publications dans "Flavonols" :

Wei-Wei Li

2 publications dans cette catégorie

Affiliations :
  • State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, and International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
Publications dans "Flavonols" :

Sanyan Lai

2 publications dans cette catégorie

Affiliations :
  • State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, and International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
Publications dans "Flavonols" :

Yajun Liu

2 publications dans cette catégorie

Affiliations :
  • School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
Publications dans "Flavonols" :

Sources (10000 au total)

Nursing diagnosis proposal "Impaired Peripheral Venous Return": concept formation.

to develop a nursing diagnosis proposal focused on venous return.... this is a concept analysis according to the model proposed by Walker and Avant, which is operationalized through an integrative review. The study was carried out according to the Preferred Reporting I... the analysis of the 131 studies allowed identifying attributes, antecedents and consequences. The most common attribute was decreased venous flow. The antecedents most frequently found were structural... the formulated nursing diagnosis was proposed as part of Domain 4, Activity/rest, in Class 4, Cardiovascular/pulmonary responses, with eight defining characteristics, five related factors, six at-risk...

Formation of academic self-concept and intrinsic value within and across three domains: Extending the reciprocal internal/external frame of reference model.

The reciprocal internal/external frame of reference (RI/E) combines two models of academic self-concept formation, namely the reciprocal effects model (REM) and the internal/external frame of referenc... We examined an extended RI/E model considering achievement, academic self-concept, and intrinsic value related to math, German and English.... The sample consisted of 1939 German secondary school students.... The three measurement waves covered Grades 5 to 7. Cross-lagged panel models were used to analyse the data.... Within domains, there were reciprocal relations between achievement and academic self-concept but only unidirectional relations between former achievements and later intrinsic values. Across domains, ... The study provides further support for the validity of the RI/E model and its extension to English as another school subject and intrinsic value as another motivational construct....

Social integration: A concept analysis.

In recent decades, social isolation has been increasingly linked to serious health conditions. However, social integration (SI) is a complex concept that has not been systematically explored or define... This concept analysis aimed to clarify the concept of SI in health research and to identify attributes, antecedents, and consequences of the concept of SI to enhance understanding of the concept and i... Walker and Avant's framework was used as the methodology for the concept analysis of SI. A literature search using PubMed, CINAHL, and Embase databases on SI was conducted with keywords: "integration,... SI is affected by multidimensional individual, societal, and environmental factors. Defining attributes are productive activities, social relationships, community engagement, and leisure activities. S... The analysis contributes to a comprehensive and fundamental understanding of SI and contributes to helping nurses better understand patients' circumstances that promote or inhibit SI. This knowledge w...