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"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment l'optogénétique est-elle diagnostiquée ?",
"position": 1,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Elle est diagnostiquée par des techniques d'imagerie et des tests fonctionnels sur des cellules modifiées."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels outils sont utilisés pour le diagnostic ?",
"position": 2,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Des microscopes à fluorescence et des systèmes de stimulation lumineuse sont utilisés."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Peut-on diagnostiquer des troubles avec l'optogénétique ?",
"position": 3,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, elle aide à étudier des troubles neurologiques en ciblant des neurones spécifiques."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "L'optogénétique nécessite-t-elle des échantillons biologiques ?",
"position": 4,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, des échantillons de tissus ou de cellules sont souvent nécessaires pour l'analyse."
}
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{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels types de cellules sont ciblées en optogénétique ?",
"position": 5,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Principalement des neurones, mais aussi d'autres types cellulaires peuvent être modifiés."
}
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{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels symptômes l'optogénétique peut-elle aider à étudier ?",
"position": 6,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Elle aide à étudier des symptômes comme l'anxiété, la dépression et les troubles moteurs."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "L'optogénétique peut-elle induire des symptômes ?",
"position": 7,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Non, elle ne provoque pas de symptômes, mais elle permet d'observer des réponses neuronales."
}
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{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment l'optogénétique aide-t-elle à comprendre les symptômes ?",
"position": 8,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Elle permet de manipuler des circuits neuronaux pour observer les effets sur le comportement."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Peut-on mesurer des symptômes en temps réel ?",
"position": 9,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, l'optogénétique permet des mesures en temps réel des réponses neuronales aux stimuli."
}
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{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels symptômes sont liés aux troubles traités par l'optogénétique ?",
"position": 10,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Des symptômes comme les convulsions, les troubles de l'humeur et les déficits cognitifs."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "L'optogénétique peut-elle aider à prévenir des maladies ?",
"position": 11,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Indirectement, en permettant une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes de la maladie."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment l'optogénétique contribue-t-elle à la recherche préventive ?",
"position": 12,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Elle permet d'étudier les facteurs de risque et les mécanismes sous-jacents des maladies."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Peut-on utiliser l'optogénétique pour des études épidémiologiques ?",
"position": 13,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, elle peut être intégrée dans des études pour comprendre la propagation des maladies."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels types de prévention sont envisagés avec l'optogénétique ?",
"position": 14,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Des stratégies de prévention basées sur la modulation des circuits neuronaux."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "L'optogénétique peut-elle aider à identifier des biomarqueurs ?",
"position": 15,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, elle peut aider à identifier des biomarqueurs pour des maladies neurologiques."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "L'optogénétique est-elle utilisée comme traitement ?",
"position": 16,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Elle est principalement utilisée pour la recherche, mais a un potentiel thérapeutique."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels types de maladies pourraient bénéficier de l'optogénétique ?",
"position": 17,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Des maladies comme la maladie de Parkinson, l'épilepsie et les troubles de l'humeur."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment l'optogénétique est-elle administrée ?",
"position": 18,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Elle est administrée par l'insertion de gènes sensibles à la lumière dans des cellules cibles."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels sont les résultats attendus des traitements optogénétiques ?",
"position": 19,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Amélioration des symptômes neurologiques et modulation des circuits neuronaux."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Y a-t-il des effets secondaires connus ?",
"position": 20,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les effets secondaires sont encore à l'étude, mais peuvent inclure des réponses immunitaires."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quelles complications peuvent survenir avec l'optogénétique ?",
"position": 21,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Des complications peuvent inclure des infections ou des réactions aux vecteurs utilisés."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Y a-t-il des risques associés à l'optogénétique ?",
"position": 22,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les risques incluent des effets indésirables liés à la manipulation génétique."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment minimiser les complications en optogénétique ?",
"position": 23,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "En suivant des protocoles stricts et en surveillant les patients après les interventions."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les complications sont-elles fréquentes ?",
"position": 24,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Elles sont rares, mais la recherche continue d'évaluer la sécurité de la technique."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quelles sont les complications à long terme ?",
"position": 25,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les complications à long terme sont encore mal comprises et nécessitent des études approfondies."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels sont les facteurs de risque pour l'optogénétique ?",
"position": 26,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les facteurs incluent des antécédents médicaux, des maladies neurologiques et des traitements antérieurs."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "L'âge influence-t-il les résultats de l'optogénétique ?",
"position": 27,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, l'âge peut affecter la réponse aux traitements optogénétiques et la récupération."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Y a-t-il des facteurs environnementaux à considérer ?",
"position": 28,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, des facteurs comme le stress et l'exposition à des toxines peuvent influencer les résultats."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Les facteurs génétiques jouent-ils un rôle ?",
"position": 29,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Oui, les variations génétiques peuvent influencer la réponse aux interventions optogénétiques."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment évaluer les facteurs de risque en optogénétique ?",
"position": 30,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Par des évaluations cliniques et des études génétiques pour identifier les vulnérabilités."
}
}
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}
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Respiratory viral infections are major drivers of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations. Interferon-β is naturally produced in response to viral infection, limiting replication. T...
In Part 1, patients (N = 13) with stable COPD were randomised 4:1 to SNG001 or placebo once-daily for three days. In Part 2, patients (N = 109) with worsening symptoms and a positive respiratory viral...
In Part 1, SNG001 upregulated sputum interferon gene expression. In Part 2, there were minimal SNG001-placebo differences in the efficacy endpoints; however, whereas gene expression was initially upre...
Overall, SNG001 was well-tolerated in patients with COPD, and upregulated lung antiviral defences to accelerate viral clearance. These findings warrant further investigation in a larger study....
EU clinical trials register (2017-003679-75), 6 October 2017....
Evaluate the effect of subcutaneous interferon β-1a (sc IFN β-1a) versus placebo on the evolution of T1-weighted MRI lesions and central brain atrophy in in patients with a first clinical demyelinatin...
Post hoc analysis of baseline-to-24 month MRI data from patients with an FCDE who received sc IFN β-1a 44 μg once- (qw) or three-times-weekly (tiw), or placebo, in REFLEX. Patients were grouped accord...
In patients not converting to CDMS, sc IFN β-1a tiw or qw, versus placebo, reduced the overall number of new lesions (P < 0.001 and P = 0.005) and new T1 iso-intense lesions (P < 0.001 and P = 0.002) ...
In patients with an FCDE, treatment with sc IFN β-1a tiw for 24 months reduced the number of new lesions evolving into black holes....
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, progressive, inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system. Relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), the most common form of the disease, is characterized by transien...
The pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated with substantial mortality worldwide. Efforts have continued to find an effective treatment for COVID-19. In vitro activity of inte...
We conducted a triple-blind randomized clinical trial on adult patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 from April 2021 to June 2021. The patients were diagnosed based on clinical and laboratory find...
A total of 95 eligible patients were randomly assigned into groups. National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2) index showed significant differences between groups only on the first day of admission (p-val...
It seems that IFN...
There is a lack of well-controlled US studies of intramuscular (IM) interferon beta (IFNβ)-1a use in pregnant women with multiple sclerosis; however, in the European Medicines Agency region, IFNβ form...
Pregnant women with multiple sclerosis exposed to IM IFNβ-1a within ~ 1 week of conception or during the first trimester were included. Participants were followed until there was a pregnancy outcome, ...
Three-hundred and two patients with a median (range) age of 31.0 (16-48) years and a median (range) gestational age at the time of enrollment of 10.1 (4-39) weeks were evaluable. Most patients (n = 27...
This large US registry study suggests IM IFNβ-1a exposure during early pregnancy was not clinically associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with multiple sclerosis. These findings help inf...
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00168714, 15 September, 2005....
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a prevalent, disabling, inflammatory, neurodegenerative disease that typically manifests during a highly productive stage of life. Interferon beta-1a was among the first app...
This study was a randomized, active-controlled, parallel-group, multi-center Phase 3 trial conducted in Iran in participants with RRMS. Participants received 125 µg of subcutaneous peginterferon beta-...
A total of 168 patients who met the eligibility criteria were enrolled and assigned to two arms of the study, each consisting of 84 participants. Totally, 41 participants (24 patients in the peginterf...
The results demonstrate the non-inferiority of peginterferon beta-1a to interferon beta-1a with similar efficacy in 96-week ARR in RRMS patients. Both arms were also comparable in other efficacy outco...
Proteomics has the potential to identify pharmacodynamic (PD) biomarkers for similarity assessment of proposed biosimilars without relying on clinical efficacy end points. In this study, with 36 healt...
To compare the effectiveness of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) with subcutaneous interferon beta-1a (IFNβ-1a) in controlling disease activity in patients with relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis (MS)....
Clinical and imaging data from patients treated with either IFNβ-1a or DMF for at least one year were reviewed. The proportion of patients with at least one clinical relapse within 3-15 months after t...
Three hundred sixteen (98 on IFNβ-1a, 218 on DMF) subjects were included. Baseline demographics were comparable between groups except for age, disease duration, and the number of previous treatments b...
DMF was associated with less clinical and radiological disease activity compared to IFNβ-1a....
Adherence is a critical factor for optimal clinical outcomes in multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment. This study investigated the adherence and clinical outcomes of MS patients treated with subcutaneous ...
This phase-IV prospective, observational multicentre study enrolled patients with relapsing MS who were treated with sc IFN β-1a for 24 months was conducted at 53 centres across 17 countries. The prim...
Of the 577 patients enrolled, 408 had evaluable MGLS scores at 24 months. A total of 336 (58.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 54.1-62.3%) patients reported high adherence, 57 (9.9%; 95% CIs: 7.6-12.7...
The study demonstrated high adherence to sc IFN β-1a treatment with an added benefit of PSP participation. More than half of the patients remained relapse-free over a 24-month period. No new safety co...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02921035, NCT02921035....
There is increasing evidence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) being conditional in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis and influential for disease activity. Interferon-beta (IFNβ) is a cytokine with antiv...