Titre : Forêts

Forêts : Questions médicales fréquentes

Termes MeSH sélectionnés :

Immunization Programs
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"name": "Facteurs de risque", "headline": "Facteurs de risque sur Forêts", "description": "Quels facteurs augmentent le risque de déforestation ?\nComment le changement climatique influence-t-il les forêts ?\nQuels sont les impacts de l'urbanisation sur les forêts ?\nComment les pratiques agricoles affectent-elles les forêts ?\nQuels risques posent les maladies des arbres ?", "url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D065928?mesh_terms=Immunization+Programs&page=3#section-facteurs de risque" } ] }, { "@type": "FAQPage", "mainEntity": [ { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment évaluer la santé d'une forêt ?", "position": 1, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "On évalue la diversité des espèces, la qualité du sol et la présence de maladies." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels indicateurs montrent une déforestation ?", "position": 2, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "La réduction de la couverture forestière et l'augmentation des terres agricoles sont des indicateurs." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment détecter les maladies des arbres ?", "position": 3, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "L'observation des symptômes comme le flétrissement, les taches foliaires et la mortalité des branches aide au diagnostic." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels outils mesurent la biodiversité forestière ?", "position": 4, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Des outils comme les inventaires floristiques et faunistiques sont utilisés pour mesurer la biodiversité." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment évaluer l'impact des incendies sur les forêts ?", "position": 5, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "On analyse la superficie brûlée, la régénération des espèces et les changements dans l'écosystème." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels signes indiquent une forêt en déclin ?", "position": 6, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Une diminution de la biodiversité, des arbres malades et une érosion accrue sont des signes." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment reconnaître une invasion d'espèces exotiques ?", "position": 7, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "L'apparition soudaine d'espèces non indigènes et leur domination sur les espèces locales sont des signes." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels symptômes montrent un stress hydrique dans les forêts ?", "position": 8, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les feuilles jaunissent, tombent prématurément et les arbres montrent un flétrissement." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels signes indiquent une pollution forestière ?", "position": 9, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "La décoloration des feuilles, la mortalité des arbres et la présence de dépôts toxiques sont des signes." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment identifier les effets du changement climatique sur les forêts ?", "position": 10, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "On observe des changements dans la phenologie, la distribution des espèces et la mortalité des arbres." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment prévenir la déforestation ?", "position": 11, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "La mise en place de lois, la sensibilisation et la promotion de l'agriculture durable sont essentielles." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quelles actions protègent les forêts contre les incendies ?", "position": 12, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "La création de pare-feux, la gestion des combustibles et l'éducation du public sont des actions préventives." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment limiter l'impact des changements climatiques sur les forêts ?", "position": 13, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "La réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre et l'adaptation des pratiques forestières sont cruciales." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quelles stratégies protègent la biodiversité forestière ?", "position": 14, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "La création de réserves naturelles et la mise en œuvre de lois de protection sont des stratégies efficaces." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment sensibiliser à la protection des forêts ?", "position": 15, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Des campagnes éducatives, des programmes scolaires et des événements communautaires sensibilisent le public." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quelles méthodes restaurent une forêt dégradée ?", "position": 16, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "La reforestation, l'enrichissement et la gestion durable des ressources sont des méthodes efficaces." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment traiter les maladies des arbres ?", "position": 17, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Des traitements phytosanitaires, la taille des branches malades et la sélection d'espèces résistantes sont utilisés." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quelles pratiques favorisent la biodiversité forestière ?", "position": 18, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "La création de corridors écologiques et la protection des habitats naturels favorisent la biodiversité." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment gérer les espèces envahissantes ?", "position": 19, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "L'élimination manuelle, l'utilisation de biocides et la restauration des habitats sont des stratégies." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quelles techniques améliorent la résilience des forêts ?", "position": 20, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "La diversification des espèces et la gestion adaptative des forêts améliorent leur résilience." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quelles sont les conséquences de la déforestation ?", "position": 21, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "La perte de biodiversité, l'érosion des sols et le changement climatique sont des conséquences majeures." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment la pollution affecte-t-elle les forêts ?", "position": 22, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "La pollution de l'air et du sol peut entraîner des maladies des plantes et la perte de biodiversité." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels risques posent les espèces envahissantes ?", "position": 23, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les espèces envahissantes peuvent réduire la biodiversité et perturber les écosystèmes locaux." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quelles sont les répercussions des incendies de forêt ?", "position": 24, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les incendies peuvent détruire des habitats, libérer du carbone et affecter la qualité de l'air." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment le changement climatique impacte-t-il les forêts ?", "position": 25, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Il provoque des changements dans la distribution des espèces, des sécheresses et des maladies des arbres." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels facteurs augmentent le risque de déforestation ?", "position": 26, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "L'expansion agricole, l'urbanisation et l'exploitation forestière non durable sont des facteurs clés." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment le changement climatique influence-t-il les forêts ?", "position": 27, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Il augmente la fréquence des événements extrêmes comme les sécheresses et les tempêtes, affectant les forêts." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels sont les impacts de l'urbanisation sur les forêts ?", "position": 28, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "L'urbanisation entraîne la fragmentation des habitats et la perte de biodiversité forestière." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Comment les pratiques agricoles affectent-elles les forêts ?", "position": 29, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les pratiques agricoles intensives peuvent entraîner la déforestation et la dégradation des sols." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Quels risques posent les maladies des arbres ?", "position": 30, "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Les maladies peuvent se propager rapidement, entraînant la mortalité des arbres et la perte de biodiversité." } } ] } ] }

Sources (10000 au total)

Differential coverage for vaccines in the expanded program on immunization (EPI) among children in rural Pakistan.

Pakistan has a well-established Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) however vaccine-preventable diseases still account for high infant and child mortality rates. This study describes the differenti... From October 2014 to September 2018, we enrolled children younger than 2 years of age from the Matiari Demographic Surveillance System in Sindh, Pakistan. Socio-demographic and vaccination history wer... Of the 3140 enrolled children, 48.4 % received all EPI recommended vaccines. Only 21.2 % of these were age appropriate. Around 45.4 % of the children were partially vaccinated, and 6.2 % were unvaccin... Vaccine coverage was low among children in Matiari, Pakistan, and majority received delayed doses. Parents' education status and year of study enrollment was protective against vaccine dropout and del...

A cost-effectiveness analysis of PHiD-CV compared to PCV13 in a national immunization program setting in Tunisia.

In response to the substantial clinical and economic burden of diseases caused by... A Markov model that simulated the disease processes of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), pneumonia, and acute otitis media (AOM) over a newborn cohort lifetime was used to evaluate the cost-effecti... Vaccination with PHiD-CV or PCV13 was estimated to avert approximately 700 cases of IPD (200 meningitis, 500 bacteremia), and around 5,000 cases of all-cause pneumonia. However, PHiD-CV vaccination wa... PCVs are a cost-effective strategy to relieve the burden associated with diseases caused by...

The faces behind vaccination: unpacking the attitudes, knowledge, and practices of staff of Cameroon's Expanded program on Immunization.

Immunization is regarded as one of the most cost-effective public health interventions in global health. However, its cost-effectiveness depends greatly on the knowledge and skills of vaccinators. Wit... Through a descriptive cross-sectional design, we used structured questionnaires and observation guides to collect data from vaccination staff in health facilities that were selected by a multistage sa... Overall, we collected data from Expanded Program on Immunization focal staff in 265 health facilities across 68 health districts. Over half (53%) of the surveyed facilities were found in rural areas. ... This study suggests marked deficits in immunization knowledge among vaccination staff and exposes common attitudes and practices that could contribute to missed opportunities for vaccination and hinde...

Analyzing the usage of theories of change for routine immunization programs -- a review of impact evaluations from LMICs.

In this article we analyzed the extent of the usage of Theories of Change (TOCs) and causal pathways in the evaluation of immunization programs to identify the challenges to generating evidence on how... We analyzed the use of the TOC in impact evaluations (IEs) of immunization interventions published after 2010, and its associated articles. The review includes studies from Evidence Gap Map and Yale r... Our review included 47 large-scale and 45 small-to medium-scale interventions. Of the included studies, 19% used a TOC, 56% described a causal pathway or used a conceptual diagram with varying degrees... Future implementers and evaluators need to develop clear TOCs that are based on established theory and have clearly articulated the underlying assumptions. Large-scale health system strengthening init...

Long-term surveillance of rotavirus vaccination after implementation of a national immunization program in Finland (2008-2018).

Rotavirus (RV) vaccination was included in the Finnish National immunization Program (NIP) in 2009. RotaTeq (RV5) has been used exclusively with a national average vaccination coverage rate (VCR) of >... We first describe the incidence of RVGE, viral gastroenteritis (VGE), and acute gastroenteritis (AGE) for all Finnish children born during 2008-2011. Children were stratified by the year of birth into... RVGE incidence decreased significantly soon after implementation of RV vaccination in the NIP. In vaccine-eligible cohorts, no clear peak incidence in the youngest age groups could be observed, and no... Incidence of RVGE has remained low in all age groups during the 10 years following introduction of RV vaccine in the Finnish NIP. Differences in RVGE incidence were observed in regions with high as co...

Comprehensive assessment of the implementation of maternal immunization programs in Italy: A national survey across maternity care units.

The authors aimed to assess the characteristics and integration of immunization services into the prenatal care provided by maternity care units (MCUs) in Italy.... A cross-sectional nationwide study using a web-based survey was conducted from June to August 2021. The study population consisted of 342 obstetricians/gynecologists (OB/GYNs), members of the Italian ... Overall, 112 of 342 MCUs completed the survey, for an overall response rate of 32.7%. Almost all MCUs (96.4%) provided vaccine information, but only 22% had an onsite vaccination clinic. Less than hal... Institutional barriers and lack of certain vaccine-related services offered during prenatal care in Italian MCUs might be responsible for many missed vaccination opportunities. Embedding maternal immu...

Country score tool to assess readiness and guide evidence generation of immunization programs in aging adults in Europe.

Delaying of policies for immunization of aging adults, low vaccine uptake, and the lack of supportive evidence at the national level could diminish the value in health and economics of such programs. ... The tool was developed in two phases. First, a modified Delphi process was used to construct the tool. The process included a literature review, stakeholder consultations, and a three-round Delphi stu... The review identified 16 tools and frameworks that formed the first version of our tool with 14 items. Eight experts were involved in the Delphi panel. Through three Delphi rounds, four items were add... Through a thorough and transparent process, a country score tool was developed helping to identify strengths, weaknesses, and evidential requirements for decision-making and implementation of immuniza...