Sequential bacterial sampling of the midline incision in horses undergoing exploratory laparotomy.
Animals
Bacteria
/ classification
Bacterial Infections
/ epidemiology
Bacterial Load
/ veterinary
Bandages
/ veterinary
Cohort Studies
Drug Resistance, Bacterial
England
/ epidemiology
Horse Diseases
/ epidemiology
Horses
Laparotomy
/ veterinary
Perioperative Period
/ veterinary
Phenotype
Prevalence
Prospective Studies
Surgical Wound
/ microbiology
Surgical Wound Infection
/ epidemiology
Surveys and Questionnaires
antimicrobial
bacterial culture
colic
drug-resistant
horse
surgical site infection
Journal
Equine veterinary journal
ISSN: 2042-3306
Titre abrégé: Equine Vet J
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0173320
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Jan 2019
Jan 2019
Historique:
received:
02
07
2017
accepted:
31
03
2018
pubmed:
22
4
2018
medline:
26
4
2019
entrez:
22
4
2018
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
There is limited information about bacterial isolates that are present on the equine midline incision during and following exploratory laparotomy. To investigate the bacterial species cultured from the ventral midline pre-, intra- and post- laparotomy, whether particular bacterial isolates are associated with the development of surgical site infections (SSIs) and to report the antimicrobial resistance phenotypes of these isolates. Prospective cohort study. The ventral midline of 31 horses undergoing exploratory laparotomy was sampled for bacterial culture at set time-points pre, intra and post-operatively. Inclusion criteria were that horses must have undergone exploratory laparotomy within 90 min of the initial colic examination upon hospital admission and must not have been placed in a stable prior to surgery. SSI was defined as any purulent or serous discharge from the laparotomy incision of >24 h duration. Seven horses (22.6%) developed a SSI. None of the variables tested were associated with the altered risk of SSI. The prevalence of a positive bacterial culture from the incision increased progressively over time and a variety of bacteria were isolated. A positive intra-operative culture was not a predictor of SSI; and when a SSI did occur, it was due to a different bacterial isolate. MRSA and ESBL-producers were identified in the post-operative period in one and four different horses respectively, but none of these developed a SSI. Sampling was limited to hospitalisation and no culture results were available for horses developing SSI following hospital discharge. A variety of bacterial species may be isolated from equine laparotomy incisions peri-operatively without development of SSI. SSI does not appear to be solely related to bacterial contamination of the incision peri-operatively and other mechanisms such as bacteraemia merit further investigation.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
There is limited information about bacterial isolates that are present on the equine midline incision during and following exploratory laparotomy.
OBJECTIVES
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the bacterial species cultured from the ventral midline pre-, intra- and post- laparotomy, whether particular bacterial isolates are associated with the development of surgical site infections (SSIs) and to report the antimicrobial resistance phenotypes of these isolates.
STUDY DESIGN
METHODS
Prospective cohort study.
METHODS
METHODS
The ventral midline of 31 horses undergoing exploratory laparotomy was sampled for bacterial culture at set time-points pre, intra and post-operatively. Inclusion criteria were that horses must have undergone exploratory laparotomy within 90 min of the initial colic examination upon hospital admission and must not have been placed in a stable prior to surgery. SSI was defined as any purulent or serous discharge from the laparotomy incision of >24 h duration.
RESULTS
RESULTS
Seven horses (22.6%) developed a SSI. None of the variables tested were associated with the altered risk of SSI. The prevalence of a positive bacterial culture from the incision increased progressively over time and a variety of bacteria were isolated. A positive intra-operative culture was not a predictor of SSI; and when a SSI did occur, it was due to a different bacterial isolate. MRSA and ESBL-producers were identified in the post-operative period in one and four different horses respectively, but none of these developed a SSI.
MAIN LIMITATIONS
CONCLUSIONS
Sampling was limited to hospitalisation and no culture results were available for horses developing SSI following hospital discharge.
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
A variety of bacterial species may be isolated from equine laparotomy incisions peri-operatively without development of SSI. SSI does not appear to be solely related to bacterial contamination of the incision peri-operatively and other mechanisms such as bacteraemia merit further investigation.
Identifiants
pubmed: 29679416
doi: 10.1111/evj.12958
pmc: PMC6585715
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
38-44Subventions
Organisme : University of Liverpool
Organisme : Veterinary Research Project Support
Informations de copyright
© 2018 The Authors. Equine Veterinary Journal published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of EVJ Ltd.
Références
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1999 Oct 1;215(7):963-9
pubmed: 10511861
J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 2002 May-Jun;38(3):271-8
pubmed: 12022414
J Infus Nurs. 2002 Jul-Aug;25(4):244-9
pubmed: 12131506
Equine Vet J. 2002 Jul;34(5):444-9
pubmed: 12358045
Equine Vet J. 1992 Nov;24(6):436-42
pubmed: 1459056
Equine Vet J. 2005 Jul;37(4):303-9
pubmed: 16028617
Equine Vet J. 2005 Nov;37(6):559-64
pubmed: 16295936
J Hosp Infect. 2007 May;66(1):6-14
pubmed: 17276546
Equine Vet J. 2007 May;39(3):277-83
pubmed: 17520982
J Antimicrob Chemother. 2007 Aug;60(2):417-20
pubmed: 17586808
J Hosp Infect. 2007 Sep;67(1):67-71
pubmed: 17664016
J Hosp Infect. 2008 Nov;70 Suppl 2:3-10
pubmed: 19022115
Equine Vet J. 2009 Feb;41(2):160-4
pubmed: 19418745
J Vet Intern Med. 2009 May-Jun;23(3):606-11
pubmed: 19422470
Vet Ther. 2009 Winter;10(4):E1-13
pubmed: 20425731
Vet Surg. 2010 Jul;39(5):588-93
pubmed: 20459481
Prev Vet Med. 2011 Jun 15;100(2):134-45
pubmed: 21377225
Am J Surg. 2011 Aug;202(2):139-45
pubmed: 21545997
Clin Microbiol Infect. 2012 Mar;18(3):268-81
pubmed: 21793988
Vet Surg. 2012 Jan;41(1):63-8
pubmed: 22188365
Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2013 Jan;398(1):153-9
pubmed: 22833058
J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio). 2012 Dec;22(6):653-60
pubmed: 23148744
Equine Vet J. 2013 Sep;45(5):564-9
pubmed: 23294287
Equine Vet J. 2013 Mar;45(2):127-9
pubmed: 23368774
Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2014 Apr;47(4):411-7
pubmed: 24512892
Acta Orthop. 2014 Apr;85(2):159-64
pubmed: 24650025
Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2015 Mar;45(2):243-76, v
pubmed: 25542615
Equine Vet J. 2015 Nov;47(6):756-65
pubmed: 26084443
Equine Vet J. 2016 Mar;48(2):143-51
pubmed: 26440916
Equine Vet J. 2015 Nov;47(6):753-5
pubmed: 26475770
Equine Vet J. 2017 Jan;49(1):39-44
pubmed: 26713622
Vet Surg. 2016 Feb;45(2):214-22
pubmed: 26757033
Equine Vet J. 2017 Mar;49(2):178-182
pubmed: 27062656
Lancet Respir Med. 2017 Mar;5(3):212-223
pubmed: 28266329
Vet Surg. 1987 May-Jun;16(3):197-201
pubmed: 3507142
Vet Surg. 1997 Jan-Feb;26(1):7-13
pubmed: 9123817