Height and Body Mass Index as Modifiers of Breast Cancer Risk in BRCA1/2 Mutation Carriers: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

Adult BRCA1 Protein / genetics BRCA2 Protein / genetics Body Height Body Mass Index Breast Neoplasms / etiology Female Genetic Predisposition to Disease Humans Mendelian Randomization Analysis Mutation Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide Prognosis Risk Factors

Journal

Journal of the National Cancer Institute
ISSN: 1460-2105
Titre abrégé: J Natl Cancer Inst
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 7503089

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
01 04 2019
Historique:
received: 05 12 2017
revised: 03 06 2018
accepted: 29 06 2018
pubmed: 13 10 2018
medline: 12 3 2020
entrez: 13 10 2018
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

BRCA1/2 mutations confer high lifetime risk of breast cancer, although other factors may modify this risk. Whether height or body mass index (BMI) modifies breast cancer risk in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers remains unclear. We used Mendelian randomization approaches to evaluate the association of height and BMI on breast cancer risk, using data from the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2 with 14 676 BRCA1 and 7912 BRCA2 mutation carriers, including 11 451 cases of breast cancer. We created a height genetic score using 586 height-associated variants and a BMI genetic score using 93 BMI-associated variants. We examined both observed and genetically determined height and BMI with breast cancer risk using weighted Cox models. All statistical tests were two-sided. Observed height was positively associated with breast cancer risk (HR = 1.09 per 10 cm increase, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.0 to 1.17; P = 1.17). Height genetic score was positively associated with breast cancer, although this was not statistically significant (per 10 cm increase in genetically predicted height, HR = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.93 to 1.17; P = .47). Observed BMI was inversely associated with breast cancer risk (per 5 kg/m2 increase, HR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.90 to 0.98; P = .007). BMI genetic score was also inversely associated with breast cancer risk (per 5 kg/m2 increase in genetically predicted BMI, HR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.76 to 0.98; P = .02). BMI was primarily associated with premenopausal breast cancer. Height is associated with overall breast cancer and BMI is associated with premenopausal breast cancer in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Incorporating height and BMI, particularly genetic score, into risk assessment may improve cancer management.

Sections du résumé

BACKGROUND
BRCA1/2 mutations confer high lifetime risk of breast cancer, although other factors may modify this risk. Whether height or body mass index (BMI) modifies breast cancer risk in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers remains unclear.
METHODS
We used Mendelian randomization approaches to evaluate the association of height and BMI on breast cancer risk, using data from the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2 with 14 676 BRCA1 and 7912 BRCA2 mutation carriers, including 11 451 cases of breast cancer. We created a height genetic score using 586 height-associated variants and a BMI genetic score using 93 BMI-associated variants. We examined both observed and genetically determined height and BMI with breast cancer risk using weighted Cox models. All statistical tests were two-sided.
RESULTS
Observed height was positively associated with breast cancer risk (HR = 1.09 per 10 cm increase, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.0 to 1.17; P = 1.17). Height genetic score was positively associated with breast cancer, although this was not statistically significant (per 10 cm increase in genetically predicted height, HR = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.93 to 1.17; P = .47). Observed BMI was inversely associated with breast cancer risk (per 5 kg/m2 increase, HR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.90 to 0.98; P = .007). BMI genetic score was also inversely associated with breast cancer risk (per 5 kg/m2 increase in genetically predicted BMI, HR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.76 to 0.98; P = .02). BMI was primarily associated with premenopausal breast cancer.
CONCLUSION
Height is associated with overall breast cancer and BMI is associated with premenopausal breast cancer in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Incorporating height and BMI, particularly genetic score, into risk assessment may improve cancer management.

Identifiants

DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djy132 PMID: 30312457 PMC: PMC6449171
pubmed: 30312457
pii: 5128773
doi: 10.1093/jnci/djy132
pmc: PMC6449171
doi:

Substances chimiques

BRCA1 Protein 0
BRCA1 protein, human 0
BRCA2 Protein 0
BRCA2 protein, human 0

Types de publication

Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

350-364

Subventions

Organisme : NCI NIH HHS
ID : U10 CA180868
Pays : United States
Organisme : Wellcome Trust
ID : 203477/Z/16/Z
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : NCATS NIH HHS
ID : UL1 TR001863
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCI NIH HHS
ID : P30 CA008748
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCI NIH HHS
ID : P50 CA116201
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCI NIH HHS
ID : UG1 CA233191
Pays : United States
Organisme : Cancer Research UK
ID : 10118
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : NCI NIH HHS
ID : UG1 CA233290
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCI NIH HHS
ID : UG1 CA189867
Pays : United States

Informations de copyright

© The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

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Auteurs

Frank Qian (F)

Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.

Shengfeng Wang (S)

Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.

Jonathan Mitchell (J)

Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.

Lesley McGuffog (L)

Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

Daniel Barrowdale (D)

Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

Goska Leslie (G)

Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

Jan C Oosterwijk (JC)

Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.

Wendy K Chung (WK)

Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY.

D Gareth Evans (DG)

Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, Genomic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Central Manchester University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.

Christoph Engel (C)

Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
LIFE - Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.

Karin Kast (K)

Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Department of Clinical Genetics and GROW, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands.

Cora M Aalfs (CM)

Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Center for Medical Genetics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL.
The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.

Muriel A Adank (MA)

Family Cancer Clinic, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Julian Adlard (J)

Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK.
Department of Clinical Genetics and GROW, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands.

Bjarni A Agnarsson (BA)

Department of Pathology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary.
School of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Kristiina Aittomäki (K)

Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.

Elisa Alducci (E)

Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy.
Department of Clinical Genetics and GROW, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands.

Irene L Andrulis (IL)

Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Banu K Arun (BK)

Department of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.

Margreet G E M Ausems (MGEM)

Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands.

Jacopo Azzollini (J)

Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy.

Emmanuelle Barouk-Simonet (E)

Oncogénétique, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France.
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS.

Julian Barwell (J)

Leicestershire Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK.
Genetic Counseling Unit, Hereditary Cancer Program, IDIBGI (Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona), Catalan Institute of Oncology, CIBERONC, Girona, Spain.

Muriel Belotti (M)

Service de Génétique, Institut Curie, Paris, France.

Javier Benitez (J)

Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Division of Cancer Prevention & Control Research, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, CA.

Andreas Berger (A)

Department of Oncology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.

Ake Borg (A)

Cancer Risk and Prevention Clinic, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA.
Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.

Angela R Bradbury (AR)

Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.

Joan Brunet (J)

Service de Génétique, Institut Curie, Paris, France.
Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain.
Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Saundra S Buys (SS)

Department of Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.

Trinidad Caldes (T)

Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain.

Maria A Caligo (MA)

Section of Genetic Oncology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.

Ian Campbell (I)

Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Sandrine M Caputo (SM)

Leicestershire Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK.
Service de Génétique, Institut Curie, Paris, France.

Jocelyne Chiquette (J)

Unité de recherche en santé des populations, Centre des maladies du sein Deschênes-Fabia, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Québec, QC, Canada.

Kathleen B M Claes (KBM)

Centre for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.

J Margriet Collée (J)

Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

Fergus J Couch (FJ)

Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.

Isabelle Coupier (I)

Unité d'Oncogénétique, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France.

Mary B Daly (MB)

Department of Clinical Genetics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA.

Rosemarie Davidson (R)

Department of Clinical Genetics, South Glasgow University Hospitals, Glasgow, UK.

Orland Diez (O)

N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg, Russia.

Susan M Domchek (SM)

Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.

Alan Donaldson (A)

Oncogenetics Group, Clinical and Molecular Genetics Area, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (OD); Clinical Genetics Department, St Michael's Hospital, Bristol, UK.

Cecilia M Dorfling (CM)

Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Arcadia, South Africa.
City of Hope Clinical Cancer Genetics Community Research Network, Duarte, CA.

Ros Eeles (R)

Ocogenetics Team, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.

Lidia Feliubadaló (L)

Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Lenka Foretova (L)

Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Hereditary Cancer Program, ICO-IDIBELL (Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute), CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain.
Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.

Jeffrey Fowler (J)

The Ohio State University, Columbus Cancer Council, Columbus, OH.

Eitan Friedman (E)

The Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel.

Debra Frost (D)

Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

Patricia A Ganz (PA)

Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Division of Cancer Prevention & Control Research, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, CA.

Judy Garber (J)

Cancer Risk and Prevention Clinic, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA.

Vanesa Garcia-Barberan (V)

Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain.

Gord Glendon (G)

Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Andrew K Godwin (AK)

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS.

Encarna B Gómez Garcia (EB)

Department of Clinical Genetics and GROW, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands.

Jacek Gronwald (J)

Department of Clinical Genetics and GROW, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands.

Eric Hahnen (E)

Centers for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Integrated Oncology and Molecular Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.

Ute Hamann (U)

Alex Henderson (A)

Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.

Carolyn B Hendricks (CB)

City of Hope Clinical Cancer Genetics Community Research Network, Duarte, CA.

John L Hopper (JL)

Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Peter J Hulick (PJ)

Center for Medical Genetics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL.
The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.

Evgeny N Imyanitov (EN)

N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg, Russia.

Claudine Isaacs (C)

Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC (CI).

Louise Izatt (L)

Clinical Genetics, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.

Ángel Izquierdo (Á)

Genetic Counseling Unit, Hereditary Cancer Program, IDIBGI (Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona), Catalan Institute of Oncology, CIBERONC, Girona, Spain.

Anna Jakubowska (A)

Department of Clinical Genetics and GROW, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands.

Katarzyna Kaczmarek (K)

Department of Clinical Genetics and GROW, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands.

Eunyoung Kang (E)

Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.

Beth Y Karlan (BY)

Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.

Carolien M Kets (CM)

Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.

Sung-Won Kim (SW)

Department of Surgery, Daerim Saint Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea.

Zisun Kim (Z)

Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Hospital Bucheon, Bucheon, Korea.

Ava Kwong (A)

Hong Kong Hereditary Breast Cancer Family Registry, Happy Valley, Hong Kong.
Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.
Department of Surgery, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Happy Valley, Hong Kong.

Yael Laitman (Y)

The Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.

Christine Lasset (C)

Unité de Prévention et d'Epidémiologie Génétique, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.

Min Hyuk Lee (M)

Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine and Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.

Jong Won Lee (J)

Department of Surgery, Ulsan University College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.

Jihyoun Lee (J)

Department of Clinical Genetics and GROW, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.
Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine and Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.

Jenny Lester (J)

Department of Clinical Genetics and GROW, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands.

Fabienne Lesueur (F)

Genetic Epidemiology of Cancer team, Institut Curie, Paris, France.
U900, INSERM, Paris, France.
PSL University, Paris, France.
Mines ParisTech, Fontainebleau, France.

Jennifer T Loud (JT)

Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD.

Jan Lubinski (J)

Department of Clinical Genetics and GROW, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands.

Noura Mebirouk (N)

Genetic Epidemiology of Cancer team, Institut Curie, Paris, France.
U900, INSERM, Paris, France.
PSL University, Paris, France.
Mines ParisTech, Fontainebleau, France.

Hanne E J Meijers-Heijboer (HEJ)

Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Alfons Meindl (A)

Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
NRG Oncology, Statistics and Data Management Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY.

Austin Miller (A)

Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.

Marco Montagna (M)

Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.

Thea M Mooij (TM)

Department of Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Patrick J Morrison (PJ)

Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, UK.

Emmanuelle Mouret-Fourme (E)

Service de Génétique, Institut Curie, Paris, France.

Katherine L Nathanson (KL)

Susan L Neuhausen (SL)

Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA.

Heli Nevanlinna (H)

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.

Dieter Niederacher (D)

Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.

Finn C Nielsen (FC)

Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Robert L Nussbaum (RL)

Cancer Genetics and Prevention Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.

Kenneth Offit (K)

Clinical Genetics Research Laboratory, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.
Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.

Edith Olah (E)

Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary.

Kai-Ren Ong (KR)

West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women's Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK.

Laura Ottini (L)

Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.

Sue K Park (SK)

Departments of Preventive Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.

Paolo Peterlongo (P)

IFOM, The FIRC (Italian Foundation for Cancer Research) Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy.

Georg Pfeiler (G)

Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Catherine M Phelan (CM)

Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL.

Bruce Poppe (B)

Centre for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.

Nisha Pradhan (N)

Clinical Genetics Research Laboratory, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.

Paolo Radice (P)

Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy.

Susan J Ramus (SJ)

School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Johanna Rantala (J)

Clinical Genetics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Mark Robson (M)

Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.

Gustavo C Rodriguez (GC)

Division of Gynecologic Oncology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, University of Chicago, Evanston, IL.

Rita K Schmutzler (RK)

Centers for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Integrated Oncology and Molecular Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.

Christina G Hutten Selkirk (CG)

Center for Medical Genetics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL.

Payal D Shah (PD)

Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.

Jacques Simard (J)

Laboratoire de génétique médicale, Nancy Université, Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France.

Christian F Singer (CF)

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Johanna Sokolowska (J)

Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada.

Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet (D)

Department of Tumour Biology, Institut Curie, INSERM U830, Paris, France.
Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.

Christian Sutter (C)

Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.

Yen Yen Tan (Y)

Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

R Manuel Teixeira (RM)

Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal.
Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.

Soo H Teo (SH)

Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
Breast Cancer Research Unit, Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Mary Beth Terry (MB)

Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY.

Mads Thomassen (M)

Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark.

Marc Tischkowitz (M)

Program in Cancer Genetics, Departments of Human Genetics and Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
Department of Medical Genetics, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.

Amanda E Toland (AE)

Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.

Katherine M Tucker (KM)

School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Hereditary Cancer Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Nadine Tung (N)

Department of Medical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA.

Christi J van Asperen (CJ)

Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.

Klaartje van Engelen (K)

Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Elizabeth J van Rensburg (EJ)

Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Arcadia, South Africa.

Shan Wang-Gohrke (S)

Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.

Barbara Wappenschmidt (B)

Centers for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Integrated Oncology and Molecular Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.

Jeffrey N Weitzel (JN)

Clinical Cancer Genetics, City of Hope, Duarte, CA.

Drakoulis Yannoukakos (D)

Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research 'Demokritos', Athens, Greece.

Mark H Greene (MH)

Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD.

Matti A Rookus (MA)

Department of Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Douglas F Easton (DF)

Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

Georgia Chenevix-Trench (G)

Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

Antonis C Antoniou (AC)

Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

David E Goldgar (DE)

Department of Dermatology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT.

Olufunmilayo I Olopade (OI)

Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.

Timothy R Rebbeck (TR)

Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.

Dezheng Huo (D)

Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.
Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL (DH).

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