Long-term endothelial dysfunction in irradiated vessels: an immunohistochemical analysis.

Langzeit-Endothelfunktionsstörung in bestrahlten Gefäßen: immunhistochemische Analyse.

Journal

Strahlentherapie und Onkologie : Organ der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft ... [et al]
ISSN: 1439-099X
Titre abrégé: Strahlenther Onkol
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 8603469

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
Jan 2019
Historique:
received: 09 07 2018
accepted: 03 10 2018
pubmed: 17 10 2018
medline: 16 3 2019
entrez: 17 10 2018
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

Microvascular free flap reconstruction has become a standard technique in head and neck reconstructive surgery. Pre-operative radiotherapy is associated with a higher incidence of free flap malperfusion and the need for operative revision. Irradiated vessels present characteristic histomorphological and structural changes. Alterations in endothelial cells of irradiated arteries remain incompletely investigated especially with regard to long-term changes in endothelial dysfunction supporting an intraluminal pro-thrombotic and pro-inflammatory milieu. Endothelial expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), E‑ and P‑selectin, endothelial NO-synthase (eNOS), thrombomodulin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in irradiated and non-irradiated arteries was analysed using immunohistochemistry and Remmele scale grading. The average radiation dose was 58.7 ± 7.0 Gy; the time interval between end of radiation and tissue sampling was 106.0 ± 86.8 months. Endothelial expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E‑ and P‑selectin as well as PAI-1 was significantly increased in previously irradiated arteries compared with non-irradiated controls, whereas thrombomodulin and eNOS expression did not show any differences. However, when comparing non-irradiated free flap arteries with irradiated arteries from the head and neck area in respective individuals, eNOS expression was significantly lower in irradiated vessels whereas ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E‑/p-Selectin and PAI-1 showed significantly higher expression levels. There is ongoing endothelial dysfunction in terms of increased expression of pro-thrombotic and pro-inflammatory markers in irradiated arteries even years after radiotherapy. Treating this endothelial dysfunction might reduce the complication rates associated with microvascular free flap reconstructions in irradiated patients. HINTERGRUND: Freie mikrovaskuläre Transplantate stellen heute ein Standardverfahren in der rekonstruktiven Kopf-Hals-Chirurgie dar. Eine vorausgegangene Bestrahlung ist hierbei mit einer höheren Rate an transplantatbezogenen Durchblutungsstörungen und operativen Revisionen assoziiert. Bestrahlte Gefäße weisen charakteristische histomorphologische und strukturelle Änderungen auf. Die Veränderungen der Endothelzellen bestrahlter Gefäße sind bislang unvollständig verstanden. Dies trifft v. a. für die langfristige endotheliale Dysfunktion zu, die mit einem prothrombotischen und -inflammatorischen intraluminalen Milieu einhergeht. Bestrahlte und unbestrahlte Arterien wurden für eine immunhistochemische Untersuchung herangezogen, um die Expression von ICAM-1 („vascular cell adhesion molecule-1“), VCAM-1 („intercellular adhesion molecule-1“), E‑ und P‑Selectin, eNOS („endotheliale NO-Synthase“), Thrombomodulin sowie PAI-1 („plasminogen activator inhibitor-1“) via Remmele-Score zur Graduierung der Färbeintensität und der Endotheloberfläche zu bestimmen. Die durchschnittlich verabreichte Strahlendosis lag bei 58,7 ± 7,0 Gy, der mittlere Zeitraum nach Bestrahlung bis zur Probenentnahme betrug 106,0 ± 86,8 Monate. Die endotheliale Expression von ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E‑ und P‑Selectin sowie PAI-1 war in bestrahlten Arterien signifikant erhöht im Vergleich zu unbestrahlten Kontrollen, wohingegen Thrombomodulin und eNOS keine Veränderungen zeigten. Im Vergleich nichtbestrahlter Transplantatarterien und bestrahlter Arterien aus der Kopf-Hals-Region bei entsprechenden Personen zeigte sich die eNOS-Expression signifikant erniedrigt in bestrahlten Gefäßen, während ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E‑/P-Selectin und PAI-1 signifikant höher exprimiert waren. Noch mehrere Jahre nach einer Bestrahlung zeigt sich eine persistierende endotheliale Dysfunktion im Sinne einer verstärkten Expression prothrombotischer und -inflammatorischer Marker im Lumen bestrahlter Arterien. Die gezielte Behandlung dieser Dysfunktion könnte dazu beitragen, die Komplikationsrate bei mikrovaskulären Rekonstruktionen bestrahlter Patienten in Zukunft zu reduzieren.

Sections du résumé

BACKGROUND BACKGROUND
Microvascular free flap reconstruction has become a standard technique in head and neck reconstructive surgery. Pre-operative radiotherapy is associated with a higher incidence of free flap malperfusion and the need for operative revision. Irradiated vessels present characteristic histomorphological and structural changes. Alterations in endothelial cells of irradiated arteries remain incompletely investigated especially with regard to long-term changes in endothelial dysfunction supporting an intraluminal pro-thrombotic and pro-inflammatory milieu.
METHODS METHODS
Endothelial expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), E‑ and P‑selectin, endothelial NO-synthase (eNOS), thrombomodulin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in irradiated and non-irradiated arteries was analysed using immunohistochemistry and Remmele scale grading. The average radiation dose was 58.7 ± 7.0 Gy; the time interval between end of radiation and tissue sampling was 106.0 ± 86.8 months.
RESULTS RESULTS
Endothelial expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E‑ and P‑selectin as well as PAI-1 was significantly increased in previously irradiated arteries compared with non-irradiated controls, whereas thrombomodulin and eNOS expression did not show any differences. However, when comparing non-irradiated free flap arteries with irradiated arteries from the head and neck area in respective individuals, eNOS expression was significantly lower in irradiated vessels whereas ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E‑/p-Selectin and PAI-1 showed significantly higher expression levels.
CONCLUSION CONCLUSIONS
There is ongoing endothelial dysfunction in terms of increased expression of pro-thrombotic and pro-inflammatory markers in irradiated arteries even years after radiotherapy. Treating this endothelial dysfunction might reduce the complication rates associated with microvascular free flap reconstructions in irradiated patients.
ZUSAMMENFASSUNG UNASSIGNED
HINTERGRUND: Freie mikrovaskuläre Transplantate stellen heute ein Standardverfahren in der rekonstruktiven Kopf-Hals-Chirurgie dar. Eine vorausgegangene Bestrahlung ist hierbei mit einer höheren Rate an transplantatbezogenen Durchblutungsstörungen und operativen Revisionen assoziiert. Bestrahlte Gefäße weisen charakteristische histomorphologische und strukturelle Änderungen auf. Die Veränderungen der Endothelzellen bestrahlter Gefäße sind bislang unvollständig verstanden. Dies trifft v. a. für die langfristige endotheliale Dysfunktion zu, die mit einem prothrombotischen und -inflammatorischen intraluminalen Milieu einhergeht.
METHODEN METHODS
Bestrahlte und unbestrahlte Arterien wurden für eine immunhistochemische Untersuchung herangezogen, um die Expression von ICAM-1 („vascular cell adhesion molecule-1“), VCAM-1 („intercellular adhesion molecule-1“), E‑ und P‑Selectin, eNOS („endotheliale NO-Synthase“), Thrombomodulin sowie PAI-1 („plasminogen activator inhibitor-1“) via Remmele-Score zur Graduierung der Färbeintensität und der Endotheloberfläche zu bestimmen. Die durchschnittlich verabreichte Strahlendosis lag bei 58,7 ± 7,0 Gy, der mittlere Zeitraum nach Bestrahlung bis zur Probenentnahme betrug 106,0 ± 86,8 Monate.
ERGEBNISSE UNASSIGNED
Die endotheliale Expression von ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E‑ und P‑Selectin sowie PAI-1 war in bestrahlten Arterien signifikant erhöht im Vergleich zu unbestrahlten Kontrollen, wohingegen Thrombomodulin und eNOS keine Veränderungen zeigten. Im Vergleich nichtbestrahlter Transplantatarterien und bestrahlter Arterien aus der Kopf-Hals-Region bei entsprechenden Personen zeigte sich die eNOS-Expression signifikant erniedrigt in bestrahlten Gefäßen, während ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E‑/P-Selectin und PAI-1 signifikant höher exprimiert waren.
SCHLUSSFOLGERUNG UNASSIGNED
Noch mehrere Jahre nach einer Bestrahlung zeigt sich eine persistierende endotheliale Dysfunktion im Sinne einer verstärkten Expression prothrombotischer und -inflammatorischer Marker im Lumen bestrahlter Arterien. Die gezielte Behandlung dieser Dysfunktion könnte dazu beitragen, die Komplikationsrate bei mikrovaskulären Rekonstruktionen bestrahlter Patienten in Zukunft zu reduzieren.

Autres résumés

Type: Publisher (ger)
HINTERGRUND: Freie mikrovaskuläre Transplantate stellen heute ein Standardverfahren in der rekonstruktiven Kopf-Hals-Chirurgie dar. Eine vorausgegangene Bestrahlung ist hierbei mit einer höheren Rate an transplantatbezogenen Durchblutungsstörungen und operativen Revisionen assoziiert. Bestrahlte Gefäße weisen charakteristische histomorphologische und strukturelle Änderungen auf. Die Veränderungen der Endothelzellen bestrahlter Gefäße sind bislang unvollständig verstanden. Dies trifft v. a. für die langfristige endotheliale Dysfunktion zu, die mit einem prothrombotischen und -inflammatorischen intraluminalen Milieu einhergeht.

Identifiants

pubmed: 30324290
doi: 10.1007/s00066-018-1382-3
pii: 10.1007/s00066-018-1382-3
doi:

Substances chimiques

E-Selectin 0
P-Selectin 0
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 0
THBD protein, human 0
Thrombomodulin 0
Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 0
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 126547-89-5
NOS3 protein, human EC 1.14.13.39
Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III EC 1.14.13.39

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

52-61

Commentaires et corrections

Type : ErratumIn

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Auteurs

Raimund H M Preidl (RHM)

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Glückstraße 11, 91056, Erlangen, Germany. raimund.preidl@uk-erlangen.de.

Patrick Möbius (P)

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Glückstraße 11, 91056, Erlangen, Germany.

Manuel Weber (M)

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Glückstraße 11, 91056, Erlangen, Germany.

Kerstin Amann (K)

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Glückstraße 11, 91056, Erlangen, Germany.

Friedrich W Neukam (FW)

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Glückstraße 11, 91056, Erlangen, Germany.

Marco Kesting (M)

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Glückstraße 11, 91056, Erlangen, Germany.

Carol-Immanuel Geppert (CI)

Department of Pathology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.

Falk Wehrhan (F)

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Glückstraße 11, 91056, Erlangen, Germany.

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Classifications MeSH