In utero effects of maternal phthalate exposure on male genital development.
Journal
Prenatal diagnosis
ISSN: 1097-0223
Titre abrégé: Prenat Diagn
Pays: England
ID NLM: 8106540
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
02 2019
02 2019
Historique:
received:
31
08
2018
revised:
21
11
2018
accepted:
22
11
2018
pubmed:
27
11
2018
medline:
18
12
2019
entrez:
27
11
2018
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Phthalates are used extensively in commercial and personal care products and maternal exposure is ubiquitous. Phthalates are anti-androgenic, but the potential effects of phthalates on male penile development have not been assessed in utero. The study aims to investigate the association between early pregnancy phthalate exposure and fetal penile development, overall and by race. Prospective cohort study of women with singleton pregnancies presenting for prenatal ultrasound between 18 and 22 weeks' gestation. Maternal urine samples were assayed for eight phthalate monoester metabolites. We used maternal phthalate levels at 18 to 22 weeks' gestation as predictors of fetal size using multiple linear regression models, adjusted for fetal gestational age, maternal age, race, smoking, and education. We incorporated a phthalate by race interaction into a second set of regression models. We detected statistically significant race interactions for continuous phthalates with penile width. Race interactions were also suggested for penile length and volume using tertiles of phthalates with point estimates generally positive for whites and negative for African Americans. Penile development is significantly influenced by race, and the impact of maternal phthalates on penile measurements also varies by race. Maternal phthalate exposure can adversely affect in utero penile growth and development, especially among African Americans.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
Phthalates are used extensively in commercial and personal care products and maternal exposure is ubiquitous. Phthalates are anti-androgenic, but the potential effects of phthalates on male penile development have not been assessed in utero.
OBJECTIVE
The study aims to investigate the association between early pregnancy phthalate exposure and fetal penile development, overall and by race.
METHODS
Prospective cohort study of women with singleton pregnancies presenting for prenatal ultrasound between 18 and 22 weeks' gestation. Maternal urine samples were assayed for eight phthalate monoester metabolites. We used maternal phthalate levels at 18 to 22 weeks' gestation as predictors of fetal size using multiple linear regression models, adjusted for fetal gestational age, maternal age, race, smoking, and education. We incorporated a phthalate by race interaction into a second set of regression models.
RESULTS
We detected statistically significant race interactions for continuous phthalates with penile width. Race interactions were also suggested for penile length and volume using tertiles of phthalates with point estimates generally positive for whites and negative for African Americans.
CONCLUSION
Penile development is significantly influenced by race, and the impact of maternal phthalates on penile measurements also varies by race. Maternal phthalate exposure can adversely affect in utero penile growth and development, especially among African Americans.
Substances chimiques
Phthalic Acids
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
209-218Informations de copyright
© 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.