Shifting characteristics of nonmedical prescription tranquilizer users in the United States, 2005-2014.
Adolescent
Adult
Analgesics, Opioid
/ adverse effects
Benzodiazepines
/ adverse effects
Child
Cross-Sectional Studies
Drug Overdose
/ epidemiology
Female
Humans
Hypnotics and Sedatives
/ adverse effects
Male
Middle Aged
Opioid-Related Disorders
/ diagnosis
Prescriptions
Prevalence
Substance-Related Disorders
/ diagnosis
Tranquilizing Agents
/ adverse effects
United States
/ epidemiology
Young Adult
Benzodiazepine
Geriatric
Opioid
Tranquilizer
Journal
Drug and alcohol dependence
ISSN: 1879-0046
Titre abrégé: Drug Alcohol Depend
Pays: Ireland
ID NLM: 7513587
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
01 02 2019
01 02 2019
Historique:
received:
20
07
2018
revised:
10
11
2018
accepted:
13
11
2018
pubmed:
17
12
2018
medline:
27
6
2019
entrez:
17
12
2018
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Benzodiazepine overdose rates have increased in the US, largely from concomitant use of other drugs such as opioids. Studies are needed to examine trends in prescription tranquilizer (e.g., benzodiazepine) use-with a particular focus on use of other drugs such as opioids-to continue to inform prevention efforts. We conducted a secondary analysis of the 2005-2014 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, a repeated cross-sectional, nationally representative probability sample. Trends in past-year nonmedical tranquilizer use and trends in demographic and other past-year substance use characteristics among nonmedical users were examined (N = 560,099). Prevalence of nonmedical tranquilizer use remained stable from 2005/06 through 2013/14 at 2%. Prevalence of past-year heroin use and heroin use disorder both more than doubled among nonmedical tranquilizer users between 2005/06 and 2013/14 (Ps<.001). Nonmedical opioid use decreased between 2005/06 and 2013/14 (P < .001); however, opioid use disorder increased from 13.4% to 16.7% (P = .019). Prevalence doubled among those age >50 between 2005/06 and 2013/14 from 7.9% to 16.5% (P < .001), and nonmedical tranquilizer use among racial minorities also increased (Ps<.01). Prevalence of nonmedical use also increased among those with health insurance (P = .031), and this increase appeared to be driven by a 190.6% increase in nonmedical use among those with Medicare (from 2.6% to 7.4%; P = .002). Characteristics of nonmedical tranquilizer users are shifting, and many shifts are related to past-year nonmedical prescription opioid use and heroin use. Prevention needs to be geared in particular towards older individuals and to those who use opioids nonmedically.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
Benzodiazepine overdose rates have increased in the US, largely from concomitant use of other drugs such as opioids. Studies are needed to examine trends in prescription tranquilizer (e.g., benzodiazepine) use-with a particular focus on use of other drugs such as opioids-to continue to inform prevention efforts.
METHODS
We conducted a secondary analysis of the 2005-2014 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, a repeated cross-sectional, nationally representative probability sample. Trends in past-year nonmedical tranquilizer use and trends in demographic and other past-year substance use characteristics among nonmedical users were examined (N = 560,099).
RESULTS
Prevalence of nonmedical tranquilizer use remained stable from 2005/06 through 2013/14 at 2%. Prevalence of past-year heroin use and heroin use disorder both more than doubled among nonmedical tranquilizer users between 2005/06 and 2013/14 (Ps<.001). Nonmedical opioid use decreased between 2005/06 and 2013/14 (P < .001); however, opioid use disorder increased from 13.4% to 16.7% (P = .019). Prevalence doubled among those age >50 between 2005/06 and 2013/14 from 7.9% to 16.5% (P < .001), and nonmedical tranquilizer use among racial minorities also increased (Ps<.01). Prevalence of nonmedical use also increased among those with health insurance (P = .031), and this increase appeared to be driven by a 190.6% increase in nonmedical use among those with Medicare (from 2.6% to 7.4%; P = .002).
CONCLUSIONS
Characteristics of nonmedical tranquilizer users are shifting, and many shifts are related to past-year nonmedical prescription opioid use and heroin use. Prevention needs to be geared in particular towards older individuals and to those who use opioids nonmedically.
Identifiants
pubmed: 30553910
pii: S0376-8716(18)30825-1
doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.11.015
pmc: PMC6359959
mid: NIHMS1516288
pii:
doi:
Substances chimiques
Analgesics, Opioid
0
Hypnotics and Sedatives
0
Tranquilizing Agents
0
Benzodiazepines
12794-10-4
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1-5Subventions
Organisme : NIDA NIH HHS
ID : K01 DA038800
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDA NIH HHS
ID : K23 DA043651
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDA NIH HHS
ID : R01 DA037866
Pays : United States
Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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