Meta-analysis of up to 622,409 individuals identifies 40 novel smoking behaviour associated genetic loci.


Journal

Molecular psychiatry
ISSN: 1476-5578
Titre abrégé: Mol Psychiatry
Pays: England
ID NLM: 9607835

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
10 2020
Historique:
received: 02 05 2018
accepted: 14 11 2018
revised: 30 09 2018
pubmed: 9 1 2019
medline: 1 4 2021
entrez: 9 1 2019
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

Smoking is a major heritable and modifiable risk factor for many diseases, including cancer, common respiratory disorders and cardiovascular diseases. Fourteen genetic loci have previously been associated with smoking behaviour-related traits. We tested up to 235,116 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) on the exome-array for association with smoking initiation, cigarettes per day, pack-years, and smoking cessation in a fixed effects meta-analysis of up to 61 studies (up to 346,813 participants). In a subset of 112,811 participants, a further one million SNVs were also genotyped and tested for association with the four smoking behaviour traits. SNV-trait associations with P < 5 × 10

Identifiants

pubmed: 30617275
doi: 10.1038/s41380-018-0313-0
pii: 10.1038/s41380-018-0313-0
pmc: PMC7515840
mid: EMS80518
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article Meta-Analysis Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

2392-2409

Subventions

Organisme : NIGMS NIH HHS
ID : R01 GM126479
Pays : United States
Organisme : Cancer Research UK
ID : C490/A16561
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : G1000861
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Wellcome Trust
ID : 084723/Z/08/Z
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Department of Health
ID : RP-PG-0407-10371
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Wellcome Trust
ID : 083948
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : G0601966
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Wellcome Trust
ID : 098381
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : MC_PC_17228
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Cancer Research UK
ID : 10124
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : British Heart Foundation
ID : RE/13/5/30177
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Department of Health
ID : 16/136/68
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : MR/L003120/1
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : MR/K023241/1
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : NIA NIH HHS
ID : RC4 AG039029
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIA NIH HHS
ID : U01 AG009740
Pays : United States
Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : MC_U106179471
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Wellcome Trust
ID : 104036/Z/14/Z
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : British Heart Foundation
ID : SP/04/002
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : British Heart Foundation
ID : RG/13/13/30194
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : British Heart Foundation
ID : SP/08/005/25115
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : G0800270
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : MC_UU_12015/1
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : NIDA NIH HHS
ID : R21 DA040177
Pays : United States
Organisme : Chief Scientist Office
ID : CZD/16/6
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Department of Health
ID : BTRU-2014-10024
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : MR/N01104X/2
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : G1001799
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : British Heart Foundation
ID : PG/02/128
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Chief Scientist Office
ID : ETM/55
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : British Heart Foundation
ID : SP/09/002
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : MR/M013111/1
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : MR/L01341X/1
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : NHLBI NIH HHS
ID : R01 HL119443
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : R01 DK062370
Pays : United States
Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : MC_PC_12010
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : MR/R023484/1
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : NHGRI NIH HHS
ID : R01 HG008983
Pays : United States
Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : MR/N01104X/1
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : European Research Council
ID : 268834
Pays : International
Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : G9521010D
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : MR/S003746/1
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : NIA NIH HHS
ID : RC2 AG036495
Pays : United States
Organisme : British Heart Foundation
ID : RG/08/014/24067
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : British Heart Foundation
ID : RG/14/5/30893
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : MR/L01632X/1
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : British Heart Foundation
ID : RG/07/005/23633
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Wellcome Trust
ID : 090532
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : MC_UU_00007/10
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : U01 DK062370
Pays : United States
Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : MR/S003762/1
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : MR/N011317/1
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Wellcome Trust
ID : 085475
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : NICHD NIH HHS
ID : R01 HD057194
Pays : United States
Organisme : Department of Health
ID : HPRU-2012-10141
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
ID : BB/F019394/1
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Wellcome Trust
ID : WT098051
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Cancer Research UK
ID : 10119
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : MC_QA137853
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : MR/K026992/1
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : G0700931
Pays : United Kingdom

Références

Wain LV, Shrine N, Miller S, Jackson VE, Ntalla I, Soler Artigas M, et al. Novel insights into the genetics of smoking behaviour, lung function, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (UK BiLEVE): a genetic association study in UK Biobank. Lancet Respir Med. 2015;3:769–81.
pubmed: 26423011 pmcid: 4593935
Wain LV, Shrine N, Artigas MS, Erzurumluoglu AM, Noyvert B, Bossini-Castillo L, et al. Genome-wide association analyses for lung function and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease identify new loci and potential druggable targets. Nat Genet. 2017;49:416–25.
pubmed: 28166213 pmcid: 5326681
McKay JD, Hung RJ, Han Y, Zong X, Carreras-Torres R, Christiani DC, et al. Large-scale association analysis identifies new lung cancer susceptibility loci and heterogeneity in genetic susceptibility across histological subtypes. Nat Genet. 2017;49:1126–32.
pubmed: 28604730 pmcid: 5510465
O'Donnell CJ, Nabel EG. Genomics of Cardiovascular Disease. New Engl J Med. 2011;365:2098–109.
pubmed: 22129254
Reitsma MB, Fullman N, Ng M, Salama JS, Abajobir A, Abate KH, et al. Smoking prevalence and attributable disease burden in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. The Lancet 2017;389:1885–906.
Tobacco and Genetics Consortium. Genome-wide meta-analyses identify multiple loci associated with smoking behavior. Nat Genet. 2010;42:441–7.
Hancock DB, Reginsson GW, Gaddis NC, Chen X, Saccone NL, Lutz SM, et al. Genome-wide meta-analysis reveals common splice site acceptor variant in CHRNA4 associated with nicotine dependence. Transl Psychiatry. 2015;5:e651.
pubmed: 26440539 pmcid: 4930126
Siedlinski M, Cho MH, Bakke P, Gulsvik A, Lomas DA, Anderson W, et al. Genome-wide association study of smoking behaviours in patients with COPD. Thorax. 2011;66:894–902.
pubmed: 21685187
Thorgeirsson TE, Gudbjartsson DF, Surakka I, Vink JM, Amin N, Geller F, et al. Sequence variants at CHRNB3-CHRNA6 and CYP2A6 affect smoking behavior. Nat Genet. 2010;42:448–53.
pubmed: 20418888 pmcid: 3080600
Timofeeva MN, McKay JD, Smith GD, Johansson M, Byrnes GB, Chabrier A, et al. Genetic polymorphisms in 15q25 and 19q13 loci, cotinine levels, and risk of lung cancer in EPIC. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev. 2011;20:2250–61.
Bloom AJ, Baker TB, Chen L-S, Breslau N, Hatsukami D, Bierut LJ, et al. Variants in two adjacent genes, EGLN2 and CYP2A6, influence smoking behavior related to disease risk via different mechanisms. Hum Mol Genet. 2014;23:555–61.
pubmed: 24045616
Thakur GA, Sengupta SM, Grizenko N, Choudhry Z, Joober R. Family-based association study of ADHD and genes increasing the risk for smoking behaviours. Arch Dis Child. 2012;97:1027.
pubmed: 23109089
Munafò MR, Flint J. The genetic architecture of psychophysiological phenotypes. Psychophysiology. 2014;51:1331–2.
pubmed: 25387716 pmcid: 4278452
Keskitalo K, Broms U, Heliovaara M, Ripatti S, Surakka I, Perola M, et al. Association of serum cotinine level with a cluster of three nicotinic acetylcholine receptor genes (CHRNA3/CHRNA5/CHRNB4) on chromosome 15. Hum Mol Genet. 2009;18:4007–12.
pubmed: 19628476 pmcid: 2748889
Vink JM, Willemsen G, Boomsma DI. Heritability of smoking initiation and nicotine dependence. Behav Genet. 2005;35:397–406.
pubmed: 15971021
Carmelli D, Swan GE, Robinette D, Fabsitz R. Genetic Influence on Smoking — A Study of Male Twins. New Engl J Med. 1992;327:829–33.
pubmed: 1508241
Kaprio J, Koskenvuo M, Sarna S. Cigarette smoking, use of alcohol, and leisure-time physical activity among same-sexed adult male twins. Prog Clin Biol Res. 1981;69(Pt C):37–46.
pubmed: 7198250
Liu DJ, Brazel DM, Turcot V, Zhan X, Gong J, Barnes DR, et al. Exome chip meta-analysis elucidates the genetic architecture of rare coding variants in smoking and drinking behavior. bioRxiv 2017.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Cigarette smoking among adults--United States, 2007. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2008;57:1221–6.
Staley JR, Jones E, Kaptoge S, Butterworth AS, Sweeting MJ, Wood AM, et al. A comparison of Cox and logistic regression for use in genome-wide association studies of cohort and case-cohort design. Eur J Human Genet : EJHG. 2017;25:854–62.
Feng S, Liu D, Zhan X, Wing MK, Abecasis GR. RAREMETAL: fast and powerful meta-analysis for rare variants. Bioinformatics. 2014;30:2828–9.
pubmed: 24894501 pmcid: 4173011
Zhan X, Hu Y, Li B, Abecasis GR, Liu DJ. RVTESTS: an efficient and comprehensive tool for rare variant association analysis using sequence data. Bioinformatics. 2016;32:1423–6.
pubmed: 27153000 pmcid: 4848408
Willer CJ, Li Y, Abecasis GR. METAL: fast and efficient meta-analysis of genomewide association scans. Bioinformatics. 2010;26:2190–1.
pubmed: 20616382 pmcid: 2922887
Bycroft C, Freeman C, Petkova D, Band G, Elliott LT, Sharp K, et al. The UK Biobank resource with deep phenotyping and genomic data. Nature. 2018;562:203–9
Jiang B, Chen S, Jiang Y, Liu M, Iacono WG, Hewitt JK, et al. Proper Conditional Analysis in the Presence of Missing Data Identified Novel Independently Associated Low Frequency Variants in Nicotine Dependence Genes. bioRxiv 2017.
Madsen BE, Browning SR. A groupwise association test for rare mutations using a weighted sum statistic. PLoS Genet. 2009;5:e1000384.
pubmed: 19214210 pmcid: 2633048
Morris AP, Zeggini E. An evaluation of statistical approaches to rare variant analysis in genetic association studies. Genet Epidemiol. 2010;34:188–93.
pubmed: 19810025
Wu MC. Rare variant association testing for sequencing data using the sequence kernel association test (SKAT). Am J Hum Genet. 2011;89:82–93.
pubmed: 21737059 pmcid: 3135811
Zhan X, Liu DJ. SEQMINER: An R-Package to Facilitate the Functional Interpretation of Sequence-Based Associations. Genet Epidemiol. 2015;39:619–23.
pubmed: 26394715 pmcid: 4794281
Hemani G, Zheng J, Elsworth B, Wade KH, Haberland V, Baird D, et al. The MR-Base platform supports systematic causal inference across the human phenome. eLife. 2018;7:e34408.
pubmed: 29846171 pmcid: 5976434
Pierce BL, Burgess S. Efficient design for Mendelian randomization studies: subsample and 2-sample instrumental variable estimators. Am J Epidemiol. 2013;178:1177–84.
pubmed: 23863760 pmcid: 3783091
Bowden J, Davey Smith G, Burgess S. Mendelian randomization with invalid instruments: effect estimation and bias detection through Egger regression. Int J Epidemiol. 2015;44:512–25.
pubmed: 26050253 pmcid: 4469799
Rees JMB, Wood AM, Burgess S. Extending the MR-Egger method for multivariable Mendelian randomization to correct for both measured and unmeasured pleiotropy. Stat Med. 2017;36:4705–18.
pubmed: 28960498 pmcid: 5725762
Bowden J, Davey Smith G, Haycock PC, Burgess S. Consistent estimation in Mendelian randomization with some invalid instruments using a weighted median estimator. Genet Epidemiol. 2016;40:304–14.
pubmed: 27061298 pmcid: 4849733
Locke AE, Kahali B, Berndt SI, Justice AE, Pers TH, Day FR, et al. Genetic studies of body mass index yield new insights for obesity biology. Nature. 2015;518:197–206.
pubmed: 25673413 pmcid: 4382211
Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Ripke S, Neale BM, Corvin A, Walters JTR, Farh K-H, et al. Biological insights from 108 schizophrenia-associated genetic loci. Nature. 2014;511:421.
pmcid: 4112379
Okbay A, Beauchamp JP, Fontana MA, Lee JJ, Pers TH, Rietveld CA, et al. Genome-wide association study identifies 74 loci associated with educational attainment. Nature. 2016;533:539–42.
pubmed: 27225129 pmcid: 4883595
MacArthur J, Bowler E, Cerezo M, Gil L, Hall P, Hastings E, et al. The new NHGRI-EBI Catalog of published genome-wide association studies (GWAS Catalog). Nucleic Acids Res. 2017;45(D1):D896–901.
pubmed: 27899670
Battle A, Brown CD, Engelhardt BE, Montgomery SB. Genetic effects on gene expression across human tissues. Nature. 2017;550:204–13.
pubmed: 29022597
Ng B, White CC, Klein H-U, Sieberts SK, McCabe C, Patrick E, et al. An xQTL map integrates the genetic architecture of the human brain's transcriptome and epigenome. Nat Neurosci 2017; 20:1418-26; advance online publication.
Trabzuni D, Ryten M, Walker R, Smith C, Imran S, Ramasamy A, et al. Quality control parameters on a large dataset of regionally dissected human control brains for whole genome expression studies. J Neurochem. 2011;119:275–82.
pubmed: 21848658 pmcid: 3664422
Ongen H, Buil A, Brown AA, Dermitzakis ET, Delaneau O. Fast and efficient QTL mapper for thousands of molecular phenotypes. Bioinformatics. 2016;32:1479–85.
pubmed: 26708335
Storey JD, Tibshirani R. Statistical significance for genomewide studies. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2003;100:9440–5.
pubmed: 12883005 pmcid: 170937
Kamburov A, Wierling C, Lehrach H, Herwig R. ConsensusPathDB—a database for integrating human functional interaction networks. Nucleic Acids Res. 2009;37(suppl_1):D623–8.
pubmed: 18940869
Adzhubei IA, Schmidt S, Peshkin L, Ramensky VE, Gerasimova A, Bork P, et al. A method and server for predicting damaging missense mutations. Nat Meth. 2010;7:248–9.
Shihab HA, Gough J, Cooper DN, Stenson PD, Barker GL, Edwards KJ, et al. Predicting the functional, molecular, and phenotypic consequences of amino acid substitutions using hidden Markov models. Hum Mutat. 2013;34:57–65.
pubmed: 23033316
Bulik-Sullivan BK, Loh PR, Finucane HK, Ripke S, Yang J, Patterson N, et al. LD Score regression distinguishes confounding from polygenicity in genome-wide association studies. Nat Genet. 2015;47:291–5.
pubmed: 25642630 pmcid: 4495769
Zheng J, Erzurumluoglu AM, Elsworth BL, Kemp JP, Howe L, Haycock PC, et al. LD Hub: a centralized database and web interface to perform LD score regression that maximizes the potential of summary level GWAS data for SNP heritability and genetic correlation analysis. Bioinformatics. 2017;33:272–9.
pubmed: 27663502
Wang JC, Cruchaga C, Saccone NL, Bertelsen S, Liu P, Budde JP, et al. Risk for nicotine dependence and lung cancer is conferred by mRNA expression levels and amino acid change in CHRNA5. Hum Mol Genet. 2009;18:3125–35.
pubmed: 19443489 pmcid: 2714722
Gage SH, Jones HJ, Taylor AE, Burgess S, Zammit S, Munafo MR. Investigating causality in associations between smoking initiation and schizophrenia using Mendelian randomization. Sci Rep. 2017;7:40653.
pubmed: 28102331 pmcid: 5244403
Kelly C, McCreadie R. Cigarette smoking and schizophrenia. Adv Psychiatr Treat. 2000;6:327–31.
Speliotes EK, Willer CJ, Berndt SI, Monda KL, Thorleifsson G, Jackson AU, et al. Association analyses of 249,796 individuals reveal 18 new loci associated with body mass index. Nat Genet. 2010;42:937–48.
pubmed: 20935630 pmcid: 3014648
Wheeler E, Huang N, Bochukova EG, Keogh JM, Lindsay S, Garg S, et al. Genome-wide SNP and CNV analysis identifies common and low-frequency variants associated with severe early-onset obesity. Nat Genet. 2013;45:513–7.
pubmed: 23563609 pmcid: 4106235
Hecht SS. Tobacco Smoke Carcinogens and Lung Cancer. JNCI: J Natl Cancer Inst. 1999;91:1194–210.
pubmed: 10413421
Ockene IS, Miller NH. Cigarette Smoking, Cardiovascular Disease, and Stroke. A Statement Healthc Prof Am Heart Assoc. 1997;96:3243–7.
Uhlen M, Fagerberg L, Hallstrom BM, Lindskog C, Oksvold P, Mardinoglu A, et al. Proteomics. Tissue-based map of the human proteome. Science. 2015;347:1260419.
pubmed: 25613900
O'Leary NA, Wright MW, Brister JR, Ciufo S, Haddad D, McVeigh R, et al. Reference sequence (RefSeq) database at NCBI: current status, taxonomic expansion, and functional annotation. Nucleic Acids Res. 2016;44(D1):D733–45.
pubmed: 26553804
Ware JJ, Chen X, Vink J, Loukola A, Minica C, Pool R, et al. Genome-Wide Meta-Analysis of Cotinine Levels in Cigarette Smokers Identifies Locus at 4q13.2. Sci Rep. 2016;6:20092.
pubmed: 26833182 pmcid: 4735517
Loukola A, Buchwald J, Gupta R, Palviainen T, Hallfors J, Tikkanen E, et al. A Genome-Wide Association Study of a Biomarker of Nicotine Metabolism. PLoS Genet. 2015;11:e1005498.
pubmed: 26407342 pmcid: 4583245
Turley P, Walters RK, Maghzian O, Okbay A, Lee JJ, Fontana MA, et al. Multi-trait analysis of genome-wide association summary statistics using MTAG. Nat Genet. 2018;50:229–37.
pubmed: 29292387 pmcid: 5805593
Munafo MR, Tilling K, Taylor AE, Evans DM, Davey Smith G. Collider scope: when selection bias can substantially influence observed associations. Int J Epidemiol. 2018;47:226–35.
pubmed: 29040562
Aberg KA, Liu Y, Bukszár J, et al. A comprehensive family-based replication study of schizophrenia genes. JAMA Psychiatry. 2013;70:573–81.
pubmed: 23894747 pmcid: 5297889
Zhang S, Chen H, Zhao X, Cao J, Tong J, Lu J, et al. REV3L 3'UTR 460 T>C polymorphism in microRNA target sites contributes to lung cancer susceptibility. Oncogene. 2013;32:242–50.
pubmed: 22349819
Demontis D, Rajagopal VM, Als TD, Grove J, Pallesen J, Hjorthoj C, et al. Genome-wide association study implicates CHRNA2 in cannabis use disorder. bioRxiv 2018.
Steenaard RV, Ligthart S, Stolk L, Peters MJ, van Meurs JB, Uitterlinden AG, et al. Tobacco smoking is associated with methylation of genes related to coronary artery disease. Clin Epigenetics. 2015;7:54.
pubmed: 26015811 pmcid: 4443552
van den Berg ME, Warren HR, Cabrera CP, Verweij N, Mifsud B, Haessler J, et al. Discovery of novel heart rate-associated loci using the Exome Chip. Hum Mol Genet. 2017;26:2346–63.
pubmed: 28379579 pmcid: 5458336
Warren HR, Evangelou E, Cabrera CP, Gao H, Ren M, Mifsud B, et al. Genome-wide association analysis identifies novel blood pressure loci and offers biological insights into cardiovascular risk. Nat Genet. 2017;49:403–15.
pubmed: 28135244 pmcid: 5972004
Hoffmann TJ, Ehret GB, Nandakumar P, Ranatunga D, Schaefer C, Kwok PY, et al. Genome-wide association analyses using electronic health records identify new loci influencing blood pressure variation. Nat Genet. 2017;49:54–64.
pubmed: 27841878
Kong A, Thorleifsson G, Frigge ML, Vilhjalmsson BJ, Young AI, Thorgeirsson TE, et al. The nature of nurture: effects of parental genotypes. Science. 2018;359:424–8.
pubmed: 29371463
Kumasaka N, Aoki M, Okada Y, Takahashi A, Ozaki K, Mushiroda T, et al. Haplotypes with copy number and single nucleotide polymorphisms in CYP2A6 locus are associated with smoking quantity in a Japanese population. PLoS ONE 2012;7:e44507.
pubmed: 23049750 pmcid: 3458030

Auteurs

A Mesut Erzurumluoglu (AM)

Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.

Mengzhen Liu (M)

Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.

Victoria E Jackson (VE)

Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Pde, 3052, Parkville, Australia.
Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Parkville, Australia.

Daniel R Barnes (DR)

MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK.

Gargi Datta (G)

Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.

Carl A Melbourne (CA)

Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.

Robin Young (R)

MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK.

Chiara Batini (C)

Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.

Praveen Surendran (P)

MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK.

Tao Jiang (T)

MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK.

Sheikh Daud Adnan (SD)

National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Saima Afaq (S)

Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK.

Arpana Agrawal (A)

Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.

Elisabeth Altmaier (E)

Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

Antonis C Antoniou (AC)

Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK.

Folkert W Asselbergs (FW)

Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK.
Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK.

Clemens Baumbach (C)

Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

Laura Bierut (L)

Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.

Sarah Bertelsen (S)

Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.

Michael Boehnke (M)

Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

Michiel L Bots (ML)

Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Center for Circulatory Health, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

David M Brazel (DM)

Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.

John C Chambers (JC)

Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK.
Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore.
Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, Middlesex, UB1 3HW, UK.
Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, W12 0HS, UK.

Jenny Chang-Claude (J)

Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
Cancer Epidemiology Group, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, University Cancer Centre Hamburg (UCCH), Hamburg, Germany.

Chu Chen (C)

Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

Janie Corley (J)

Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK.
Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK.

Yi-Ling Chou (YL)

Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.

Sean P David (SP)

Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

Rudolf A de Boer (RA)

Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.

Christiaan A de Leeuw (CA)

Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Joe G Dennis (JG)

Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK.

Anna F Dominiczak (AF)

Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.

Alison M Dunning (AM)

Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK.

Douglas F Easton (DF)

Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK.
Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK.

Charles Eaton (C)

Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

Paul Elliott (P)

Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK.
MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK.
National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust and Imperial College London, London, UK.
UK Dementia Research Institute (UK DRI) at Imperial College London, London, UK.

Evangelos Evangelou (E)

Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK.
Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece.

Jessica D Faul (JD)

Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

Tatiana Foroud (T)

Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.

Alison Goate (A)

Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.

Jian Gong (J)

Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.

Hans J Grabe (HJ)

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475, Greifswald, Germany.

Jeff Haessler (J)

Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.

Christopher Haiman (C)

Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.

Göran Hallmans (G)

Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.

Anke R Hammerschlag (AR)

Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Sarah E Harris (SE)

Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK.
Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.

Andrew Hattersley (A)

Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK.

Andrew Heath (A)

Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.

Chris Hsu (C)

University of Southern California, California, CA, USA.

William G Iacono (WG)

Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.

Stavroula Kanoni (S)

William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
Centre for Genomic Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.

Manav Kapoor (M)

Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.

Jaakko Kaprio (J)

Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.

Sharon L Kardia (SL)

Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

Fredrik Karpe (F)

Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Oxford National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK.

Jukka Kontto (J)

Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland.

Jaspal S Kooner (JS)

Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, Middlesex, UB1 3HW, UK.
Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, W12 0HS, UK.
MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK.
National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.

Charles Kooperberg (C)

Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.

Kari Kuulasmaa (K)

Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland.

Markku Laakso (M)

University of Eastern Finland, Finland, Finland.

Dongbing Lai (D)

Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.

Claudia Langenberg (C)

MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.

Nhung Le (N)

Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA.

Guillaume Lettre (G)

Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, H1T 1C8, Canada.
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1J4, Canada.

Anu Loukola (A)

Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.

Jian'an Luan (J)

MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.

Pamela A F Madden (PAF)

Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.

Massimo Mangino (M)

NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Trust, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK.

Riccardo E Marioni (RE)

Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK.
Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.

Eirini Marouli (E)

William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
Centre for Genomic Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.

Jonathan Marten (J)

MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

Nicholas G Martin (NG)

Queensland Institute for Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia.

Matt McGue (M)

Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.

Kyriaki Michailidou (K)

Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK.
Department of Electron Microscopy/Molecular Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 1683, Nicosia, Cyprus.

Evelin Mihailov (E)

Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.

Alireza Moayyeri (A)

Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK.

Marie Moitry (M)

Department of Epidemiology and Public health, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.

Martina Müller-Nurasyid (M)

Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Department of Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.

Aliya Naheed (A)

Initiative for Noncommunicable Diseases, Health Systems and Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b) International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Matthias Nauck (M)

Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475, Greifswald, Germany.
DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany.

Matthew J Neville (MJ)

Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Oxford National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK.

Sune Fallgaard Nielsen (SF)

Department of Clinical Biochemistry Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 74, DK-2730, Herlev, Denmark.

Kari North (K)

Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.

Markus Perola (M)

Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland.

Paul D P Pharoah (PDP)

Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK.
Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK.

Giorgio Pistis (G)

Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.

Tinca J Polderman (TJ)

Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Danielle Posthuma (D)

Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Neil Poulter (N)

International Centre for Circulatory Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.

Beenish Qaiser (B)

Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.

Asif Rasheed (A)

Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan.

Alex Reiner (A)

Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.

Frida Renström (F)

Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, SE-214 28, Malmö, Sweden.
Department of Biobank Research, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden.

John Rice (J)

Departments of Psychiatry and Mathematics, Washington University St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.

Rebecca Rohde (R)

University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.

Olov Rolandsson (O)

Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Section for Family Medicine, Umeå universitet, SE, 90185, Umeå, Sweden.

Nilesh J Samani (NJ)

Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK.

Maria Samuel (M)

Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan.

David Schlessinger (D)

National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Steven H Scholte (SH)

Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam & Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Robert A Scott (RA)

MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.

Peter Sever (P)

National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.
International Centre for Circulatory Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.

Yaming Shao (Y)

University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.

Nick Shrine (N)

Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.

Jennifer A Smith (JA)

Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

John M Starr (JM)

Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK.
Alzheimer Scotland Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK.

Kathleen Stirrups (K)

William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK.

Danielle Stram (D)

Department of Preventative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Heather M Stringham (HM)

Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

Ioanna Tachmazidou (I)

Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK.

Jean-Claude Tardif (JC)

Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, H1T 1C8, Canada.
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1J4, Canada.

Deborah J Thompson (DJ)

Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK.

Hilary A Tindle (HA)

Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.

Vinicius Tragante (V)

Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Stella Trompet (S)

Department of gerontology and geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Department of cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.

Valerie Turcot (V)

Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, H1T 1C8, Canada.

Jessica Tyrrell (J)

Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK.

Ilonca Vaartjes (I)

Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Center for Circulatory Health, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Andries R van der Leij (AR)

Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam & Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Peter van der Meer (P)

Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.

Tibor V Varga (TV)

Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, SE-214 28, Malmö, Sweden.

Niek Verweij (N)

Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 301 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.

Henry Völzke (H)

DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany.
Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475, Greifswald, Germany.

Nicholas J Wareham (NJ)

MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.

Helen R Warren (HR)

Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.

David R Weir (DR)

Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

Stefan Weiss (S)

DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany.
Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, 17475, Greifswald, Germany.

Leah Wetherill (L)

Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.

Hanieh Yaghootkar (H)

Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK.

Ersin Yavas (E)

Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, PA, 16802, USA.

Yu Jiang (Y)

Institute of Personalized Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.

Fang Chen (F)

Institute of Personalized Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.

Xiaowei Zhan (X)

Department of Clinical Science, Center for Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA.

Weihua Zhang (W)

Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK.
Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, Middlesex, UB1 3HW, UK.

Wei Zhao (W)

Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, USA.

Wei Zhao (W)

Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

Kaixin Zhou (K)

School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.

Philippe Amouyel (P)

Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France.

Stefan Blankenberg (S)

Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.

Mark J Caulfield (MJ)

Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.

Rajiv Chowdhury (R)

MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK.

Francesco Cucca (F)

Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.

Ian J Deary (IJ)

Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK.
Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK.

Panos Deloukas (P)

Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK.
William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.

Emanuele Di Angelantonio (E)

MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK.
National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK.

Marco Ferrario (M)

EPIMED Research Centre, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria at Varese, Varese, Italy.

Jean Ferrières (J)

Department of Epidemiology, UMR 1027- INSERM, Toulouse University-CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France.

Paul W Franks (PW)

Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, SE-214 28, Malmö, Sweden.
Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.

Tim M Frayling (TM)

Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK.

Philippe Frossard (P)

Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan.

Ian P Hall (IP)

Division of Respiratory Medicine and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.

Caroline Hayward (C)

MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

Jan-Håkan Jansson (JH)

Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Skellefteå Research Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.

J Wouter Jukema (JW)

Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
The Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Frank Kee (F)

UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health, Queens, University, Belfast, Belfast, UK.

Satu Männistö (S)

Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland.

Andres Metspalu (A)

Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.

Patricia B Munroe (PB)

Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.

Børge Grønne Nordestgaard (BG)

Department of Clinical Biochemistry Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 74, DK-2730, Herlev, Denmark.

Colin N A Palmer (CNA)

Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK.

Veikko Salomaa (V)

Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland.

Naveed Sattar (N)

Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.

Timothy Spector (T)

Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK.

David Peter Strachan (DP)

Population Health Research Institute, St George!s, University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK.

Pim van der Harst (P)

Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.

Eleftheria Zeggini (E)

Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK.

Danish Saleheen (D)

MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK.
Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, USA.
Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan.

Adam S Butterworth (AS)

MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK.
National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK.

Louise V Wain (LV)

Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
National Institute for Health Research Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK.

Goncalo R Abecasis (GR)

Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

John Danesh (J)

MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK.
Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK.
National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK.

Martin D Tobin (MD)

Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
National Institute for Health Research Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK.

Scott Vrieze (S)

Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.

Dajiang J Liu (DJ)

Institute of Personalized Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA. dxl46@psu.edu.

Joanna M M Howson (JMM)

MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK. jmmh2@medschl.cam.ac.uk.

Articles similaires

[Redispensing of expensive oral anticancer medicines: a practical application].

Lisanne N van Merendonk, Kübra Akgöl, Bastiaan Nuijen
1.00
Humans Antineoplastic Agents Administration, Oral Drug Costs Counterfeit Drugs

Smoking Cessation and Incident Cardiovascular Disease.

Jun Hwan Cho, Seung Yong Shin, Hoseob Kim et al.
1.00
Humans Male Smoking Cessation Cardiovascular Diseases Female
Humans United States Aged Cross-Sectional Studies Medicare Part C
1.00
Humans Yoga Low Back Pain Female Male

Classifications MeSH