The 2017 Banting Memorial Lecture The diabetic lower limb - a forty year journey: from clinical observation to clinical science.
Journal
Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association
ISSN: 1464-5491
Titre abrégé: Diabet Med
Pays: England
ID NLM: 8500858
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
12 2019
12 2019
Historique:
accepted:
16
01
2019
pubmed:
20
1
2019
medline:
11
7
2020
entrez:
20
1
2019
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
A series of clinical research projects conducted over the past 40 years, all of which were informed by clinical observation or discussions with people with diabetes and staff colleagues are described in this review. A study of necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum confirmed that this rare skin complication occurs predominantly in young women with Type 1 diabetes and other microvascular complications. Biopsies of necrobiotic lesions showed destruction of superficial nerve fibres by inflammatory tissue, which likely causes the sensory loss in lesions that is pathognomonic of the condition. The development of corneal confocal microscopy as a new non-invasive surrogate marker of peripheral neuropathy in diabetes is described next and several small studies of the use of this new technique in clinical research are reported. The influence of blood glucose instability on the genesis of neuropathic pain is then explained, with results suggesting that the stability of glycaemic control may be more important than the level of control achieved. Lastly, in neuropathy, studies of gustatory sweating are discussed, including the observation that sweating in the head and neck region is more common in people with end-stage diabetic nephropathy than in those with neuropathy. The disappearance of gustatory sweating after renal transplantation suggests a metabolic cause and for those with troublesome sweating, use of the anticholinergic, anti-muscarinic, topical cream glycopyrrolate is confirmed in a randomized control trial. In the area of diabetic foot research, distended dorsal foot veins were observed to be a clinical sign of sympathetic autonomic neuropathy: raised venous Po
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1539-1549Subventions
Organisme : Wellcome Trust
Pays : United Kingdom
Informations de copyright
© 2019 Diabetes UK.
Références
Joslin EP. The menace of diabetic gangrene. N Engl J Med 1934; 211: 16-20.
Boulton AJM, Angus E, Ayyar DR, Weiss R. Diabetic thoracic polyneuropathy presenting as abdominal swelling. Br Med J 1984; 289: 798-799.
Waxman SG, Sabin TD. Diabetic truncal polyradiculoneuropathy. Arch Neurol 1981; 38: 46-47.
Muller SA, Winkelmann RK. Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum: a clinical and pathological investigation of 171 cases. Arch Dermatol 1966; 92: 272-281.
Hill DM, Rhodes EL, Sheldon J, Ames AC, Hollister GR. Necrobiosis lipoidica: serum insulin and prednisone-glycosuria tests in a nondiabetic group. Br J Dermatol 1966; 78: 332-336.
Mann RJ, Harman RRM. Cutaneous anaesthesia in necrobiosis lipoidica. Br J Dermatol 1984; 110: 323-325.
Boulton AJM, Cutfield RG, Abouganem D, Angus E, Flynn HW, Skyler JS et al. Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum: a clinicopathological study. J Am Acad Dermatol 1988; 18: 530-537.
Boulton AJM, Drury J, Clarke B, Ward JD. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion in the management of painful diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes Care 1982; 5: 385-390.
Boulton AJM, Ward JD. Diabetic neuropathies and pain. Clin Endocrinol Metab 1986; 15: 917-931.
Tesfaye S, Malik RA, Harris N, Jakubowski JJ, Mody C, Rennie IG et al. Arterio-venous shunting and proliferating new vessels in acute painful neuropathy of rapid glycaemic control (insulin neuritis). Diabetologia 1996; 39: 329-335.
Oyibo S, Prasad YD, Jackson NJ, Jude EB, Boulton AJM. The relationship between blood glucose excursions and painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a pilot study. Diabet Med 2002; 19: 870-873.
Watkins PJ. Facial sweating after eating: a new sign of diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Br Med J 1973; 1: 583-587.
Shaw JE, Parker R, Hollis S, Gokal R, Boulton AJM. Gustatory sweating in diabetes. Diabet Med 1996; 13: 1033-1037.
Atkin SL, Brown PM. Treatment of diabetic gustatory sweating with topical glycopyrrolate cream. Diabet Med 1996; 13: 493-494.
Shaw JE, Abbott CA, Tindle K, Hollis S, Boulton AJM. A randomised controlled trial of topical glycopyrrolate, the first specific treatment for diabetic gustatory sweating. Diabetologia 1997; 40: 299-301.
Boulton AJM, Malik RA, Arezzo JC, Sosenko JM. Diabetic somatic neuropathies. Diabetes Care 2004; 27: 1458-1486.
Pop-Busui R, Boulton AJM, Feldman EL, Bril V, Freeman R, Malik RA et al. Diabetic neuropathy: a Position Statement by the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care 2017; 40: 136-154.
Smith AG, Ramachandran P, Tripp S, Singleton JR. Epidermal nerve innervation in impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes-associated neuropathy. Neurology 2001; 57: 1701-1704.
Hollingsworth J, Perez-Gomez I, Mutalib HA, Efron N. A population study of the normal cornea using an in vivo, slit-scanning confocal microscope. Optom Vis Sci 2001; 78: 706-711.
Oliveira-Soto L, Efron N. Morphology of corneal nerves using confocal microscopy. Cornea 2001; 20: 374-384.
Malik RA, Kallinikos P, Abbott CA, van Schie CH, Morgan P, Efron N et al. Corneal confocal microscopy: a non-invasive surrogate of nerve fibre damage and repair in diabetic patients. Diabetologia 2003; 46: 683-688.
Quattrini C, Tavakoli M, Jeziorska M, Kallinikos P, Tesfaye S, Finnigan J et al. Surrogate markers of small fiber damage in human diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes 2007; 56: 2148-2154.
Tavakoli M, Mitu-Pretorian M, Petropoulous IN, Fadavi H, Asghar O, Alam U et al. Corneal confocal microscopy detects early nerve regeneration in diabetic neuropathy after simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation. Diabetes 2013; 62: 252-260.
Bitirgen G, Turkinen K, Malik RA, Ozkagnici A, Zengin N. Corneal confocal microscopy detects corneal nerve damage and increased dendritic cells in Fabry disease. Sci Rep 2018; 8: 12444.
Ziegler D, Papanas N, Zhiviv A, Allgeier S, Winter K, Ziegler I et al. German Diabetes Study (GDS) Group Early detection of nerve fibre loss by corneal confocal microscopy and skin biopsy in recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2014; 63: 2454-2463.
Lewis EJ, Perkins BA, Lovblom LE, Bazinet RP, Wolever TM, Bril V. Using in vivo corneal confocal microscopy to identify diabetic sensorimotor neuropathy risk profiles in patients with type 1 diabetes. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2017; 5: e000251.
Ward JD, Boulton AJM, Simms JM, Sandler DA, Knight G. Venous distension in the diabetic neuropathic foot (physical sign of arteriovenous shunting). J R Soc Med 1983; 76: 1011-1014.
Boulton AJM, Hardisty CA, Betts RP, Franks CI, Worth RC, Ward JD et al. Dynamic foot pressure and other studies as diagnostic and management aids in diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes Care 1983; 6: 26-33.
Boulton AJM, Scarpello JH, Ward JD. Venous oxygenation in the diabetic neuropathic foot: evidence of arteriovenous shunting? Diabetologia 1982; 22: 6-8.
Edmonds ME, Roberts VC, Watkins PJ. Blood flow in the diabetic neuropathic foot. Diabetologia 1982; 22: 9-15.
Cochrane T, Sheriff SB, Boulton AJM, Ward JD, Atkins RM. Laser Doppler flowmetry in the assessment of peripheral vascular disorders: a preliminary study. Clin Phys Physiol Meas 1986; 7: 31-42.
Veves A, Murray HJ, Young MJ, Boulton AJM. The risk of foot ulceration in diabetic patients with high foot pressures: a prospective study. Diabetologia 1992; 35: 660-663.
Young MJ, Breddy JL, Veves A, Boulton AJM. The prediction of diabetic neuropathic foot ulceration using vibration perception thresholds: a prospective study. Diabetes Care 1994; 17: 557-560.
Masson EA, Hay EM, Stockley I, Veves A, Betts RP, Boulton AJ. Abnormal foot pressures alone may not cause ulceration. Diabet Med 1989; 6: 426-428.
Newrick PG, Cochrane T, Betts RP, Ward JD, Boulton AJM. Reduced hyperaemic response under the diabetic neuropathic foot. Diabet Med 1988; 5: 570-573.
Boulton AJM. Pressure and the diabetic foot: clinical science and offloading techniques. Am J Surg 2004; 187: 17S-24S.
van Schie CH, Abbott CA, Vileikyte L, Shaw JE, Hollis S, Boulton AJ. A comparative study of the Podotrack, a simple semi-quantitative plantar pressure measuring device and the optical pedobarograph in the assessment of pressures under the diabetic foot. Diabet Med 1999; 16: 154-159.
Richardson JK, Hurvitz EA. Peripheral neuropathy: a true risk factor for falls. J Gerontol 1995; 50: M211-M215.
Vileikyte L, Gonzalez JS. Recognition and management of psychosocial issues in diabetic neuropathy. In: Zochodne DW, Malik RA (eds), Handbook of Clinical Neurology, vol. 126. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2014: 195-209.
Vileikyte L, Leventhal H, Gonzalez JS, Peyrot M, Rubin RR, Ulbrecht JS et al. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy and depressive symptoms: the association revisited. Diabetes Care 2005; 28: 2378-2383.
Vileikyte L, Peyrot M, Gonzalez JS, Rubin RR, Garrow AP, Stickings D et al. Predictors of depressive symptoms in persons with diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a longitudinal study. Diabetologia 2009; 52: 1265-1273.
Katoulis EC, Ebdon-Parry M, Hollis S, Harrison AJ, Vileikyte L, Kulkarni J et al. Postural instability in diabetic neuropathic patients at risk of foot ulceration. Diabet Med 1997; 14: 296-300.
Katoulis EC, Ebdon-Parry M, Lanshammar H, Vileikyte L, Kulkarni J, Boulton AJM. Gait abnormalities in diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes Care 1997; 20: 1904-1907.
Handsaker JC, Brown SJ, Bowling FL, Cooper G, Maganaris CN, Boulton AJ et al. Contributory factors to unsteadiness during walking up and down stairs in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Diabetes Care 2014; 37: 3047-3053.
Handsaker JC, Brown SJ, Bowling FL, Maganaris CN, Boulton AJM, Reeves ND. Resistance exercise training increases lower limb speed of strength generation during stair ascent and descent in people with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Diabet Med 2016; 33: 97-104.
Handsaker JC, Brown SJ, Bowling FL, Marple-Horvat DE, Boulton AJM, Reeves ND. People with diabetic peripheral neuropathy display a decreased stepping accuracy during walking: potential implications for risk of tripping. Diabet Med 2016; 33: 644-649.
Brown SJ, Handsaker JC, Bowling FL, Boulton AJM, Reeves ND. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy compromises balance during daily activities. Diabetes Care 2015; 38: 116-122.
Petrovic M, Deschamps K, Verschueren SM, Bowling FL, Maganaris CN, Boulton AJ et al. Is the metabolic cost of walking higher in people with diabetes? J Appl Physiol 2016; 120: 55-62.
Petrovic M, Maganaris CN, Bowling FL, Boulton AJM, Reeves ND. Vertical displacement of the centre of mass during walking in people with diabetes and diabetic neuropathy does not explain their higher metabolic cost of walking. J Biomech 2018; 9290: 30862-30865.