DHA Cycling Halves the DHA Supplementation Needed to Maintain Blood and Tissue Concentrations via Higher Synthesis from ALA in Long-Evans Rats.
Adipose Tissue
/ chemistry
Animals
Brain Chemistry
Docosahexaenoic Acids
/ administration & dosage
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Drug Administration Schedule
Erythrocytes
Fatty Acids
/ chemistry
Mumps Vaccine
/ chemistry
Muscle, Skeletal
/ chemistry
Myocardium
/ chemistry
RNA, Messenger
/ genetics
Rats
Rats, Long-Evans
alpha-Linolenic Acid
/ metabolism
DHA cycling
docosahexaenoic acid
lipids
nutrition
n–3 PUFA production deficit
n–3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
Journal
The Journal of nutrition
ISSN: 1541-6100
Titre abrégé: J Nutr
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0404243
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
01 04 2019
01 04 2019
Historique:
received:
07
08
2018
revised:
06
09
2018
accepted:
15
10
2018
pubmed:
5
2
2019
medline:
2
4
2020
entrez:
5
2
2019
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) plus docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) recommendations are frequently stated at 500 mg/d; however, adherence to these recommendations would result in a large global commercial EPA/DHA production deficit. Previously, our laboratory demonstrated that acute DHA intake in rats can increase the capacity for synthesis-secretion of n-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). We aimed to investigate the utility of a dietary DHA cycling strategy that employs 2 wk of repeated DHA feeding for a total of 3 cycles over 12 wk. Male Long-Evans rats were fed a 10% fat diet by weight comprised of either 1) a 2-wk, 2% α-linolenic acid (ALA, DHA-ALA group 18:3n-3) diet followed by a 2-wk, 2% DHA + 2% ALA diet over 3 consecutive 4-wk periods ("DHA cycling," DHA-ALA group); 2) a 2% DHA + 2% ALA diet (DHA group) for 12 wk; or 3) a 2% ALA-only diet (ALA group) for 12 wk. At 15 wk old, blood and tissue fatty acid concentrations and liver mRNA expression and 13C-DHA natural abundances were determined. DHA concentrations in plasma, erythrocytes, and whole blood between the DHA-ALA group and the DHA groups were not different (P ≥ 0.05), but were 72-110% higher (P < 0.05) than in the ALA group. Similarly, DHA concentrations in liver, heart, adipose, and brain were not different (P ≥ 0.05) between the DHA-fed groups, but were at least 62%, 72%, 320%, and 68% higher (P < 0.05) than in the ALA group in liver, heart, adipose, and skeletal muscle, respectively. Compound-specific isotope analysis indicated that 310% more liver DHA in the DHA-ALA group compared with the DHA group is derived from dietary ALA, and this was accompanied by a 123% and 93% higher expression of elongation of very long-chain (Elovl)2 and Elovl5, respectively, in the DHA-ALA group compared with the ALA group. DHA cycling requires half the dietary DHA while achieving equal blood and tissue DHA concentrations in rats. Implementation of such dietary strategies in humans could reduce the gap between global dietary n-3 PUFA recommendations and commercial production.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) plus docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) recommendations are frequently stated at 500 mg/d; however, adherence to these recommendations would result in a large global commercial EPA/DHA production deficit. Previously, our laboratory demonstrated that acute DHA intake in rats can increase the capacity for synthesis-secretion of n-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs).
OBJECTIVE
We aimed to investigate the utility of a dietary DHA cycling strategy that employs 2 wk of repeated DHA feeding for a total of 3 cycles over 12 wk.
METHODS
Male Long-Evans rats were fed a 10% fat diet by weight comprised of either 1) a 2-wk, 2% α-linolenic acid (ALA, DHA-ALA group 18:3n-3) diet followed by a 2-wk, 2% DHA + 2% ALA diet over 3 consecutive 4-wk periods ("DHA cycling," DHA-ALA group); 2) a 2% DHA + 2% ALA diet (DHA group) for 12 wk; or 3) a 2% ALA-only diet (ALA group) for 12 wk. At 15 wk old, blood and tissue fatty acid concentrations and liver mRNA expression and 13C-DHA natural abundances were determined.
RESULTS
DHA concentrations in plasma, erythrocytes, and whole blood between the DHA-ALA group and the DHA groups were not different (P ≥ 0.05), but were 72-110% higher (P < 0.05) than in the ALA group. Similarly, DHA concentrations in liver, heart, adipose, and brain were not different (P ≥ 0.05) between the DHA-fed groups, but were at least 62%, 72%, 320%, and 68% higher (P < 0.05) than in the ALA group in liver, heart, adipose, and skeletal muscle, respectively. Compound-specific isotope analysis indicated that 310% more liver DHA in the DHA-ALA group compared with the DHA group is derived from dietary ALA, and this was accompanied by a 123% and 93% higher expression of elongation of very long-chain (Elovl)2 and Elovl5, respectively, in the DHA-ALA group compared with the ALA group.
CONCLUSIONS
DHA cycling requires half the dietary DHA while achieving equal blood and tissue DHA concentrations in rats. Implementation of such dietary strategies in humans could reduce the gap between global dietary n-3 PUFA recommendations and commercial production.
Identifiants
pubmed: 30715388
pii: S0022-3166(22)16587-9
doi: 10.1093/jn/nxy282
doi:
Substances chimiques
Fatty Acids
0
Mumps Vaccine
0
RNA, Messenger
0
alpha-Linolenic Acid
0RBV727H71
Docosahexaenoic Acids
25167-62-8
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
586-595Informations de copyright
Copyright © American Society for Nutrition 2019.