Diagnosis and Management of Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Use.
Anabolic Agents
/ administration & dosage
Androgens
/ administration & dosage
Athletes
/ legislation & jurisprudence
Doping in Sports
/ legislation & jurisprudence
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Female
Humans
Male
Performance-Enhancing Substances
/ administration & dosage
Prevalence
Sex Factors
Substance Abuse Detection
/ methods
Substance-Related Disorders
/ diagnosis
Journal
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism
ISSN: 1945-7197
Titre abrégé: J Clin Endocrinol Metab
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0375362
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
01 07 2019
01 07 2019
Historique:
received:
31
08
2018
accepted:
03
01
2019
pubmed:
13
2
2019
medline:
28
5
2020
entrez:
13
2
2019
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
The lifetime prevalence of anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) use is estimated at 1% to 5% worldwide. AAS use occurs primarily male elite athletes and men who want a muscular appearance. The evidence for effective, safe management of AAS cessation and withdrawal is weak. Key studies were extracted from PubMed (1990-2018) and Google Scholar with reference searches from relevant retrieved articles. The proven adverse effects of AASs include suppression of the gonadal axis and infertility, hirsutism and defeminization in women, and erythrocytosis. Alkylated AASs that are taken orally may cause hepatopathy. There is an association between high-dosage AAS use and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Clues for AAS use include very low serum high-density cholesterol and sex hormone-binding globulin concentrations and unexplained erythrocytosis. For elite athletes, the biological passport (monitoring of blood or urinary androgen and androgen precursor concentrations after determining the athlete's baseline) is useful for detecting AAS use. For nonelite athletes, the best method to confirm AAS use is to inquire in a nonjudgmental manner. Cessation of chronic AAS use is associated with a withdrawal syndrome of anxiety and depression. Men who use AASs <1 year typically recover normal hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis function within 1 year after cessation. Men who have infertility due to high-dosage AAS use ≥1 year might benefit from short-term treatment with clomiphene or human chorionic gonadotropin.
Identifiants
pubmed: 30753550
pii: 5310131
doi: 10.1210/jc.2018-01882
pmc: PMC6517163
doi:
Substances chimiques
Anabolic Agents
0
Androgens
0
Performance-Enhancing Substances
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
2490-2500Subventions
Organisme : NICHD NIH HHS
ID : U54 HD042454
Pays : United States
Commentaires et corrections
Type : CommentIn
Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2019 Endocrine Society.
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