Successful Treatment With Abatacept in Recurrent Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis After Kidney Transplant.

Primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis recurrence occurs in 10% to 50% of recipients after kidney transplant and may affect both children and adults. Treatment after recurrence with plasma exchange and immunosuppression is quite variable and challenging, and those who do not respond usually progress to allograft failure. Podocyte injury and B7-1 expression and subsequently its blockade (abatacept) have been reported to be associated with complete remission of proteinuria in 4 patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis recurrence after kidney transplantation and in 1 patient with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in native kidney. Here, we report our experience of successfully treating 3 consecutive patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis recurrence after kidney transplant with abatacept, which induced proteinuria remission.