Missense Variants in the Histone Acetyltransferase Complex Component Gene TRRAP Cause Autism and Syndromic Intellectual Disability.


Journal

American journal of human genetics
ISSN: 1537-6605
Titre abrégé: Am J Hum Genet
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0370475

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
07 03 2019
Historique:
received: 16 07 2018
accepted: 18 01 2019
pubmed: 5 3 2019
medline: 19 12 2019
entrez: 5 3 2019
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

Acetylation of the lysine residues in histones and other DNA-binding proteins plays a major role in regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. This process is controlled by histone acetyltransferases (HATs/KATs) found in multiprotein complexes that are recruited to chromatin by the scaffolding subunit transformation/transcription domain-associated protein (TRRAP). TRRAP is evolutionarily conserved and is among the top five genes intolerant to missense variation. Through an international collaboration, 17 distinct de novo or apparently de novo variants were identified in TRRAP in 24 individuals. A strong genotype-phenotype correlation was observed with two distinct clinical spectra. The first is a complex, multi-systemic syndrome associated with various malformations of the brain, heart, kidneys, and genitourinary system and characterized by a wide range of intellectual functioning; a number of affected individuals have intellectual disability (ID) and markedly impaired basic life functions. Individuals with this phenotype had missense variants clustering around the c.3127G>A p.(Ala1043Thr) variant identified in five individuals. The second spectrum manifested with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and/or ID and epilepsy. Facial dysmorphism was seen in both groups and included upslanted palpebral fissures, epicanthus, telecanthus, a wide nasal bridge and ridge, a broad and smooth philtrum, and a thin upper lip. RNA sequencing analysis of skin fibroblasts derived from affected individuals skin fibroblasts showed significant changes in the expression of several genes implicated in neuronal function and ion transport. Thus, we describe here the clinical spectrum associated with TRRAP pathogenic missense variants, and we suggest a genotype-phenotype correlation useful for clinical evaluation of the pathogenicity of the variants.

Identifiants

pubmed: 30827496
pii: S0002-9297(19)30010-2
doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.01.010
pmc: PMC6407527
pii:
doi:

Substances chimiques

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing 0
Nuclear Proteins 0
transformation-transcription domain-associated protein 0

Types de publication

Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

530-541

Subventions

Organisme : NICHD NIH HHS
ID : U54 HD083091
Pays : United States
Organisme : NINDS NIH HHS
ID : U01 NS077274
Pays : United States
Organisme : Intramural NIH HHS
ID : Z01 HG200328
Pays : United States
Organisme : NICHD NIH HHS
ID : R01 HD064667
Pays : United States
Organisme : CIHR
Pays : Canada
Organisme : NHGRI NIH HHS
ID : UM1 HG006542
Pays : United States
Organisme : NINDS NIH HHS
ID : R35 NS105078
Pays : United States
Organisme : NHGRI NIH HHS
ID : K08 HG008986
Pays : United States
Organisme : NINDS NIH HHS
ID : U01 NS053998
Pays : United States
Organisme : NINDS NIH HHS
ID : U01 NS077364
Pays : United States
Organisme : NINDS NIH HHS
ID : U01 NS077303
Pays : United States
Organisme : NICHD NIH HHS
ID : U54 HD086984
Pays : United States
Organisme : NINDS NIH HHS
ID : U01 NS077276
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIGMS NIH HHS
ID : T32 GM007266
Pays : United States
Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : MR/M014568/1
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : R01 MH101221
Pays : United States

Informations de copyright

Copyright © 2019 American Society of Human Genetics. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Auteurs

Benjamin Cogné (B)

Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes, France; INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, l'institut du thorax, 44007 Nantes, France.

Sophie Ehresmann (S)

Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada.

Eliane Beauregard-Lacroix (E)

Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada.

Justine Rousseau (J)

Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada.

Thomas Besnard (T)

Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes, France; INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, l'institut du thorax, 44007 Nantes, France.

Thomas Garcia (T)

Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada.

Slavé Petrovski (S)

Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; AstraZeneca Centre for Genomics Research, Precision Medicine and Genomics, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 0AA, UK.

Shiri Avni (S)

Visual Geometry Group, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK.

Kirsty McWalter (K)

GeneDx, 207 Perry Parkway, Gaithersburg, MD 20877, USA.

Patrick R Blackburn (PR)

Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Center for Individualized Medicine, Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.

Stephan J Sanders (SJ)

Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.

Kévin Uguen (K)

UMR 1078, Génétique, Génomique Fonctionnelle et Biotechnologies, Inserm, L'Etablissement Français du Sang, Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière, Université de Brest Occidentale, 29200 Brest, France; Service de Génétique médicale et de biologie de la reproduction, Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire Brest, 29200 Brest, France.

Jacqueline Harris (J)

Division of Neurogenetics, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Hugo W. Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.

Julie S Cohen (JS)

Division of Neurogenetics, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Hugo W. Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.

Moira Blyth (M)

Department of Clinical Genetics, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Leeds Teaching Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Chapeltown Road, Leeds LS7 4SA, UK.

Anna Lehman (A)

Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada.

Jonathan Berg (J)

Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK.

Mindy H Li (MH)

Rush University Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.

Usha Kini (U)

Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK.

Shelagh Joss (S)

West of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK.

Charlotte von der Lippe (C)

Department of Medical Genetics, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, 7006 Trondheim, Norway.

Christopher T Gordon (CT)

Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Human Malformations, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Institut Imagine, 75015 Paris, France.

Jennifer B Humberson (JB)

Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia Children's Hospital, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.

Laurie Robak (L)

Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

Daryl A Scott (DA)

Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

Vernon R Sutton (VR)

Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Baylor Genetics, Houston, TX 77021, USA.

Cara M Skraban (CM)

Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Jennifer J Johnston (JJ)

Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4472, USA.

Annapurna Poduri (A)

Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology and Epilepsy Genetics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Magnus Nordenskjöld (M)

Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden.

Vandana Shashi (V)

Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.

Erica H Gerkes (EH)

Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, the Netherlands.

Ernie M H F Bongers (EMHF)

Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, the Netherlands.

Christian Gilissen (C)

Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, the Netherlands.

Yuri A Zarate (YA)

Section of Genetics and Metabolism, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA.

Malin Kvarnung (M)

Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden.

Kevin P Lally (KP)

Department of Pediatric Surgery, The McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center and Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

Peggy A Kulch (PA)

Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA.

Brina Daniels (B)

Section of Genetics and Metabolism, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA.

Andres Hernandez-Garcia (A)

Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

Nicholas Stong (N)

Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.

Julie McGaughran (J)

Genetic Health Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia; School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia.

Kyle Retterer (K)

GeneDx, 207 Perry Parkway, Gaithersburg, MD 20877, USA.

Kristian Tveten (K)

Department of Medical Genetics, Telemark Hospital Trust, 3710 Skien, Norway.

Jennifer Sullivan (J)

Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.

Madeleine R Geisheker (MR)

Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.

Asbjorg Stray-Pedersen (A)

Norwegian National Unit for Newborn Screening, Division of Pediatric and Adolecent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Pb 4950 Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway.

Jennifer M Tarpinian (JM)

Roberts Individualized Medical Genetics Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Eric W Klee (EW)

Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Center for Individualized Medicine, Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.

Julie C Sapp (JC)

Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4472, USA.

Jacob Zyskind (J)

GeneDx, 207 Perry Parkway, Gaithersburg, MD 20877, USA.

Øystein L Holla (ØL)

Department of Medical Genetics, Telemark Hospital Trust, 3710 Skien, Norway.

Emma Bedoukian (E)

Roberts Individualized Medical Genetics Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Francesca Filippini (F)

Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Human Malformations, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Institut Imagine, 75015 Paris, France.

Anne Guimier (A)

Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Human Malformations, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Institut Imagine, 75015 Paris, France; Service de Génétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), 75015 Paris, France.

Arnaud Picard (A)

Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Institut Imagine, 75015 Paris, France; Service de Chirurgie Maxillofaciale et Plastique, Centre de référence des Malformations de la Face et de la Cavité Buccale, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), 75015 Paris, France.

Øyvind L Busk (ØL)

Department of Medical Genetics, Telemark Hospital Trust, 3710 Skien, Norway.

Jaya Punetha (J)

Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

Rolph Pfundt (R)

Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, the Netherlands.

Anna Lindstrand (A)

Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden.

Ann Nordgren (A)

Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden.

Fayth Kalb (F)

Division of Genetics, Birth Defects, and Metabolism, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.

Megha Desai (M)

GeneDx, 207 Perry Parkway, Gaithersburg, MD 20877, USA.

Ashley Harmon Ebanks (AH)

Department of Pediatric Surgery, The McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center and Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

Shalini N Jhangiani (SN)

Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

Tammie Dewan (T)

Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada.

Zeynep H Coban Akdemir (ZH)

Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

Aida Telegrafi (A)

GeneDx, 207 Perry Parkway, Gaithersburg, MD 20877, USA.

Elaine H Zackai (EH)

Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Amber Begtrup (A)

GeneDx, 207 Perry Parkway, Gaithersburg, MD 20877, USA.

Xiaofei Song (X)

Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

Annick Toutain (A)

Service de Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours, 2 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours, France; Inserm U1253, Ibrain, Université de Tours, 37032 Tours, France.

Ingrid M Wentzensen (IM)

GeneDx, 207 Perry Parkway, Gaithersburg, MD 20877, USA.

Sylvie Odent (S)

Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement, Centre Labellisé pour les Anomalies du Développement (CLAD) Ouest, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, 35203 Rennes, France; Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, UMR 6290, Université de Rennes, 2 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France.

Dominique Bonneau (D)

Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Angers, Département de Biochimie et Génétique, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France; Mitochondrial and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology (MITOVASC), Unité mixte de Recherche, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 6015, Inserm 1083, Université d'Angers, 49933 Angers, France.

Xénia Latypova (X)

Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes, France; INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, l'institut du thorax, 44007 Nantes, France.

Wallid Deb (W)

Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes, France; INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, l'institut du thorax, 44007 Nantes, France.
Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada.

Sylvia Redon (S)

UMR 1078, Génétique, Génomique Fonctionnelle et Biotechnologies, Inserm, L'Etablissement Français du Sang, Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière, Université de Brest Occidentale, 29200 Brest, France; Service de Génétique médicale et de biologie de la reproduction, Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire Brest, 29200 Brest, France.

Frédéric Bilan (F)

Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, Service de Génétique, BP577, 86021 Poitiers, France; Equipe d'accueil 3808, Université Poitiers, Poitiers 86034, France.

Marine Legendre (M)

Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, Service de Génétique, BP577, 86021 Poitiers, France; Equipe d'accueil 3808, Université Poitiers, Poitiers 86034, France.

Caitlin Troyer (C)

Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia Children's Hospital, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.

Kerri Whitlock (K)

Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.

Oana Caluseriu (O)

Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.

Marine I Murphree (MI)

Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.

Pavel N Pichurin (PN)

Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.

Katherine Agre (K)

Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.

Ralitza Gavrilova (R)

Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.

Tuula Rinne (T)

Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, the Netherlands.

Meredith Park (M)

Epilepsy Genetics Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Catherine Shain (C)

Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Erin L Heinzen (EL)

Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.

Rui Xiao (R)

Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Baylor Genetics, Houston, TX 77021, USA.

Jeanne Amiel (J)

Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Human Malformations, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Institut Imagine, 75015 Paris, France; Service de Génétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), 75015 Paris, France.

Stanislas Lyonnet (S)

Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Human Malformations, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Institut Imagine, 75015 Paris, France; Service de Génétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), 75015 Paris, France.

Bertrand Isidor (B)

Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes, France; INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, l'institut du thorax, 44007 Nantes, France.

Leslie G Biesecker (LG)

Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4472, USA.

Dan Lowenstein (D)

Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.

Jennifer E Posey (JE)

Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

Anne-Sophie Denommé-Pichon (AS)

Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Angers, Département de Biochimie et Génétique, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France; Mitochondrial and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology (MITOVASC), Unité mixte de Recherche, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 6015, Inserm 1083, Université d'Angers, 49933 Angers, France.
Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK.

Claude Férec (C)

UMR 1078, Génétique, Génomique Fonctionnelle et Biotechnologies, Inserm, L'Etablissement Français du Sang, Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière, Université de Brest Occidentale, 29200 Brest, France; Service de Génétique médicale et de biologie de la reproduction, Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire Brest, 29200 Brest, France.

Xiang-Jiao Yang (XJ)

Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Research Center and Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University and McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada.

Jill A Rosenfeld (JA)

Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

Brigitte Gilbert-Dussardier (B)

Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, Service de Génétique, BP577, 86021 Poitiers, France; Equipe d'accueil 3808, Université Poitiers, Poitiers 86034, France.

Séverine Audebert-Bellanger (S)

Service de Génétique médicale et de biologie de la reproduction, Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire Brest, 29200 Brest, France.

Richard Redon (R)

INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, l'institut du thorax, 44007 Nantes, France.

Holly A F Stessman (HAF)

Department of Pharmacology, Creighton University Medical School, Omaha, NE 68178, USA.

Christoffer Nellaker (C)

Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK.

Yaping Yang (Y)

Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Baylor Genetics, Houston, TX 77021, USA.

James R Lupski (JR)

Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

David B Goldstein (DB)

Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.

Evan E Eichler (EE)

Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.

Francois Bolduc (F)

Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada; Division of Pediatric Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.

Stéphane Bézieau (S)

Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes, France; INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, l'institut du thorax, 44007 Nantes, France.

Sébastien Küry (S)

Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes, France; INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, l'institut du thorax, 44007 Nantes, France. Electronic address: sebastien.kury@chu-nantes.fr.

Philippe M Campeau (PM)

Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T1J4, Canada. Electronic address: p.campeau@umontreal.ca.

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