Klotho-Mediated Changes in Shelterin Complex Promote Cytotoxic Autophagy and Apoptosis in Amitriptyline-Treated Hippocampal Neuronal Cells.

Amitriptyline, antidepressant frequently prescribed for treatment of depressive disorders and several neuropathic and inflammatory diseases, has been shown to cause neurotoxic effects. This effect has been partially linked with increased oxidative stress and apoptosis initiation; however, the exact mechanism is still unknown. Klotho protein due to its neuroprotective characteristics seems to be involved in the amitriptyline-mediated neurotoxicity. In this study, we have evaluated the effect of klotho silencing on mouse hippocampal cells exposed to amitriptyline. We show, for the first time, that klotho silencing intensified in hippocampal neurons amitriptyline-induced imbalance in oxido-nitrosative and mineral homeostasis, genomic instability associated with telomere dysfunction what resulted in p16- and p53/p21-mediated cell cycle arrest and activation of autophagy and apoptotic cell death in consequence. Therefore, these results indicate that klotho serves as a part of the cellular defense mechanism engaged in the protection of neurons against amitriptyline-mediated toxicity.